JPWO2016190439A1 - 結晶材料、結晶製造法、放射線検出器、非破壊検査装置、および撮像装置 - Google Patents
結晶材料、結晶製造法、放射線検出器、非破壊検査装置、および撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
で表され、パイロクロア型構造を持ち、且つ、非化学量論的組成、且つ、調和溶融組成であることを特徴とする。ここで、式(1)中、AはGd、Y、La、Sc、Yb及びLuから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、BはLa、Gd、Yb、Lu、Y及びScから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0.1<y<0.4であり、REはCe、Pr、Nd、Eu、Tb、Ybから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0<x<0.1であり、M’およびM”はLi,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ti,Zr,Hf,Fe、Ta,Wから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0≦s<0.01、且つ、0≦t<0.01であり、また0<|α|<0.3、且つ、0≦|β|<0.3、且つ、0≦|γ|<0.5で表される。非化学量論的組成かつ調和溶融組成を選択することで、結晶化率の飛躍的な向上が認められる。ここで、||は絶対値をあらわし、0<|α|<0.3は0<α<0.3ないしは0>α>−0.3を意味する。同様に、0≦|β|<0.3は0<β<0.3ないしは0>β>−0.3ないしはβ=0を意味する。また同様に、0≦|γ|<0.5は0<γ<0.5ないしは0>γ>−0.5ないしはγ=0を意味する。
(RExA1−x−y―sByM’s)2+α(Si1−t,M”t)2+βO7+γ (1)
で表され、パイロクロア型構造を持ち、且つ、非化学量論的組成、且つ、調和溶融組成である結晶材料である。
ここで、式(1)中、AはGd、Y、La、Sc、Yb及びLuから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、BはLa、Gd、Yb、Lu、Y及びScから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0.1<y<0.4であり、REはCe、Pr、Nd、Eu、Tb、Ybから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0<x<0.1であり、M’およびM”はLi,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ti,Zr,Hf,Fe、Ta,Wから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0≦s<0.01、且つ、0≦t<0.01であり、また0<|α|<0.3、且つ、0≦|β|<0.3、且つ、0≦|γ|<0.5で表される。REについて、希土類元素のほか遷移金属でも発光賦活剤として選択できる。なお、上記x、y、s、t、α、β、及び、γの範囲の組合せを、組成範囲(1)とする。
チョクラルスキー法により、(Ce0.015Gd0.750La0.235)1.95Si2.01O6.94の組成で表される結晶を作製した。この結晶は、パイロクロア型酸化物である。図1は、作製した(Ce0.015Gd0.750La0.235)1.95Si2.01O6.94結晶の切断面(15mmの厚さ、15mm×15mm面、鏡面研磨済み)の写真である。図1に示すように、作製した単結晶は、その下の模様が透けて見えており、透明バルク体であった。
チョクラルスキー法により、(Ce0.015Gd0.7499La0.235Mg0.0001)1.99Si2.05O7.10の組成で表される結晶を作製した。この結晶は、パイロクロア型酸化物である。図2は、作製した(Ce0.015Gd0.7499La0.235Mg0.0001)1.99Si2.05O7.10結晶の切断面(15mmの厚さ、15mm×15mm面、鏡面研磨済み)の写真である。図2に示すように、作製した単結晶は、その下の模様が透けて見えており、透明バルク体であった。
前記に加えてチョクラルスキー法により、表1のとおりの組成であらわされる結晶を作製した。この結晶は、A2B2O7で表されるパイロクロア型酸化物である。作製した単結晶は、その下の模様が透けて見えており、透明バルク体であった。
図3は実施例1の結晶を用いて、ピクセルアレイ化したものの写真を示す図である。ピクセルサイズは2.5mm×2.5mm×5mmであり、ピクセル数はピクセル数:12×12個である。
チョクラルスキー法により、(Ce0.013Gd0.855La0.132)1.66Si2.48O7.02の組成で表される結晶を作製した。この結晶は、A2B2O7で表されるパイロクロア型酸化物である。図4は、作製した(Ce0.013Gd0.855La0.132)1.66Si2.48O7.02結晶の写真を示す図である。図5は当該結晶の切断面(1mmの厚さ、鏡面研磨済み)の写真である。図4および図5に示すように、作製した単結晶は、黄色い不透明バルク体であった。
チョクラルスキー法により、(Ce0.023Gd0.751La0.226)2Si2O7の組成で表される結晶を作製した。この結晶は、A2B2O7で表されるパイロクロア型酸化物である。図6は、作製した(Ce0.023Gd0.751La0.226)2Si2O7結晶の写真を示す図である。図6に示すように、作製した単結晶は、黄色い不透明バルク体であった。
公知の比較例10として、市販されている5mm×5mm×5mmサイズの(Ce0.01Gd0.99)2SiO5(Ce1%:GSO)結晶を用意した。
実施例2〜10についても表2の通り発光量を求めることができた。しかし、比較例1〜8については、発光量は測定不能であった。
I(t)=0.098・exp(−t/71ns)
+0.040・exp(−t/287ns)+0.00241
すなわち、実施例1の結晶の蛍光の減衰時間は71ナノ秒であり、高速シンチレータを構成できるものであった。
具体的には、実施例1のシンチレータ結晶を位置有感型のMulti-Pixel Photon Counter(MPPC、浜松ホトニクス社製S12642−0808PA−50)と組み合わせた。MPPCは複数のガイガーモードアバランシェ・フォトダイオードを並べたもので、さらにそのMPPCユニット(ピクセルサイズ:50μm×50μm)を6×6個にアレイ化したものである。
MPPCと組み合わせたアレイ(実施例8)に1MBqの放射能を有する137Cs密封線源を用い、ガンマ線を照射して、各MPPCからの信号を処理して、イメージング再構成を行った。
101 結晶材料
102、104 光検出器
103 波長変換素子
200 非破壊検査装置
201 放射線源
202 測定対象物
300 撮像装置
Claims (13)
- 一般式(1):
(RExA1−x−y―sByM’s)2+α(Si1−t,M”t)2+βO7+γ (1)
で表され、パイロクロア型構造を持ち、且つ、非化学量論的組成、且つ、調和溶融組成であることを特徴とする結晶材料。
ここで、式(1)中、AはGd、Y、La、Sc、Yb及びLuから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、BはLa、Gd、Yb、Lu、Y及びScから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0.1≦y<0.4であり、REはCe、Pr、Nd、Eu、Tb、Ybから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0<x<0.1であり、M’およびM”はLi,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ti,Zr,Hf,Fe、Ta,Wから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含み、0≦s<0.01、且つ、0≦t<0.01であり、また0<|α|<0.3、且つ、0≦|β|<0.3、且つ、0≦|γ|<0.5で表される。 - 前記x、y、s、t、α、β、及び、γの範囲はさらに0<x<0.05、0.1<y<0.40、0≦s<0.005、且つ、0≦t<0.005、0.001<|α|<0.15、且つ、0.001<|β|<0.15、且つ、0.001<|γ|<0.2で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の結晶材料。
- 前記x、y、s、t、α、β、及び、γの範囲はさらに0<x<0.04、0.1<y<0.35、0≦s<0.005、且つ、0≦t<0.005、0.01<|α|<0.1、且つ、0.01<|β|<0.1、且つ、0.001<|γ|<0.2で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の結晶材料。
- 前記一般式(1)において、REはCeであり、AはGdであり、BはLa,Yから選択された1つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料。
- 放射線の照射によってシンチレーション光を発し、前記シンチレーション光に含まれる所定の蛍光成分は、蛍光寿命が2マイクロ秒以下であり、且つ、蛍光ピーク波長が250nm以上900nm以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料。
- 放射線の照射によってシンチレーション光を発し、前記シンチレーション光に含まれる所定の蛍光成分は、蛍光寿命が80ナノ秒以下であり、且つ、蛍光ピーク波長が300nm以上700nm以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料。
- 放射線の照射によってシンチレーション光を発し、前記シンチレーション光に含まれる所定の蛍光成分の発光量は、環境温度が室温から摂氏150度の範囲において13,000光子/MeVより多く、且つ、潮解性がないことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料の元素比になるようにA、Si、REを含む原料を配合し、前記配合した原料を溶融するまで温度を上げた後に冷却し、パイロクロア型構造を持つ結晶とすること、且つ、結晶化率50%以上とすることを特徴とする結晶製造方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料から構成されるシンチレータと、
前記シンチレータからのシンチレーション光を受光する光検出器と、
を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出器。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料から構成されるシンチレータと、
前記シンチレータからのシンチレーション光を受光し、該シンチレーション光に含まれる波長260nm〜350nmの光の波長を320nm〜700nmの範囲のいずれかの波長に変換する波長変換素子と、
前記波長変換素子が波長変換した光を受光する光検出器と、
を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出器。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の結晶材料から構成されるシンチレータを備え、位置感度を持たせたことを特徴とする放射線検出器。
- 請求項9〜11のいずれか一つに記載の放射線検出器を備えることを特徴とする撮像装置。
- 請求項9〜11のいずれか一つに記載の放射線検出器を備えることを特徴とする非破壊検査装置。
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