JPWO2016167284A1 - 抗氷核活性剤 - Google Patents
抗氷核活性剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2016167284A1 JPWO2016167284A1 JP2017512559A JP2017512559A JPWO2016167284A1 JP WO2016167284 A1 JPWO2016167284 A1 JP WO2016167284A1 JP 2017512559 A JP2017512559 A JP 2017512559A JP 2017512559 A JP2017512559 A JP 2017512559A JP WO2016167284 A1 JPWO2016167284 A1 JP WO2016167284A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ice nucleus
- ice
- group
- activator
- biological material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23L3/37—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of or treatment with chemicals
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Abstract
Description
プリン塩基、又はプリン塩基を有する重合体を含有する抗氷核活性剤。
項2.
前記プリン塩基が、アデニン、プリン、グアニン、ヒポキサンチン、キサンチン、テオブロミン、カフェイン、尿酸、イソグアニン、及びテオフィリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、項1に記載の抗氷核活性剤。
項3.
前記プリン塩基が、アデニン、尿酸又はカフェインである、項1又は2に記載の抗氷核活性剤。
項4.
項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤、及び水を含有する不凍性液体。
項5.
前記抗氷核活性剤を0.1〜10mg/mL含有する、項4に記載の不凍性液体。
項6.
項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を生物材料に接触させる工程を含む、生物材料の抗氷核活性を向上させる方法。
項7.
項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を食品に接触させる工程を含む、食品の抗氷核活性を向上させる方法。
項8.
項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を生物材料に接触させる工程を含む、生物材料の保存方法。
項9.
項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を食品に接触させる工程を含む、食品の保存方法。
項10.
プリン塩基、又はプリン塩基を有する重合体の抗氷核活性剤としての使用。
本発明の抗氷核活性剤は、プリン塩基、又はプリン塩基を有する重合体を含有する。なお、本明細書中において、「含有する」なる表現については、「含有する」、「実質的にのみからなる」及び「のみからなる」という概念を含む。抗氷核活性剤とは、氷核の発生を抑制する剤(過冷却を促進する剤)を意味している。
プリン塩基としては、プリン骨格を有する化合物であればよく、特に限定はない。一般に、プリン塩基とは、プリン及びプリン核の任意の位置が置換されてなるプリン化合物(誘導体)を総称するものである。
プリン塩基を有する重合体は、上記プリン塩基を繰り返し単位として有する重合体を意味し、プリン塩基は重合体に側鎖として存在する。重合体1分子当たりのプリン塩基の個数は、好ましくは3〜21個、より好ましくは6〜18個、特に好ましくは9〜15個である。重合体における主鎖としては、プリン塩基が結合できる構造を有する化合物であれば特に制限なく使用できる。プリン塩基を有する重合体としては、好ましくはポリヌクレオチドであり、より好ましくはデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)である。重合体におけるプリン塩基としては、アデニン及びアデニンの誘導体が好ましく、重合体のプリン塩基が全てアデニン及びアデニンの誘導体であることが特に好ましい。プリン塩基を有する重合体としては、ポリデオキシアデニル酸が特に好ましい。
本発明の不凍性液体は、上記プリン塩基又はプリン塩基を有する重合体(抗氷核活性剤)、及び水を含有している。不凍性液体とは、氷の凝固点(0℃)において凍らない液体を意味する。
本発明の生物材料の抗氷核活性を向上させる方法は、上記抗氷核活性剤(過冷却促進剤)又は不凍性液体を生物材料に接触させる工程を含んでいる。
本発明の食品の抗氷核活性を向上させる方法は、上記抗氷核活性剤(過冷却促進剤)又は不凍性液体を食品に接触させる工程を含んでいる。
本発明の生物材料の保存方法は、上記抗氷核活性剤(過冷却促進剤)又は不凍性液体を生物材料に接触させる工程を含んでいる。
本発明の食品の保存方法は、上記抗氷核活性剤(過冷却促進剤)又は不凍性液体を食品に接触させる工程を含んでいる。
本発明の抗氷核活性剤(過冷却促進剤)は、食品、飲料等の品質保持剤(食品保存剤、飲料保存剤)等の食品分野;細胞保存剤、血液保存剤、臓器保存剤等の医療分野;化粧品分野;霜害防除剤、塗料等の環境分野等に広く適用することができる。
本発明の食品保存剤(食品保存液)が使用できる食品としては、特に限定はなく、例えば、野菜、魚、肉(鶏肉、豚肉、牛肉等)等の生鮮食品;ジュース、豆腐、高野豆腐等の加工食品等が挙げられる。
本発明の細胞保存剤(細胞保存液)が使用できる細胞としては、植物、動物等の細胞であれば特に限定はなく、例えば、ヒト細胞、精子、卵子等が挙げられる。
本発明の血液保存剤(血液保存液)が使用できる血液は、ヒト及び動物(ヒトを除く)の血液であれば特に限定はなく、例えば、全血、血漿、血清等が挙げられる。さらに、本発明の血液保存剤(血液保存液)は、血液成分である白血球、赤血球、血漿、血小板等にも使用できる。
本発明の臓器保存剤(臓器保存液)が使用できる臓器としては、ヒト及び動物(ヒトを除く)の臓器又はその一部であれば特に限定はない。
本発明の霜害防除剤(霜害防除液)は、コンピューター、車のエンジン等の冷却液;冷凍庫等の着霜防止剤;車窓ガラスの曇り防止剤;トンネル結露防止剤等に利用することもできる。
抗氷核活性剤であるアデニン(和光純薬株式会社製)を濃度が1.0mg/mLとなるように超純水(Milli-Q(商標)超純水製造装置、ミリポア株式会社製)で溶解させて水溶液を調製した。
アデニンを表1に記載の抗氷核活性剤に代えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、それぞれの液体を調製した。
下記表1に記載のプリン塩基を含有する抗氷核活性剤(実施例1〜7)に関して、下記の方法によって抗氷核活性能(過冷却促進能)を評価した。
式:ΔT50(℃)=BlankT50−SampleT50
実施例1〜7のプリン塩基の全てが、抗氷核活性値が0よりも高く、抗氷核活性を示すことがわかった。
アデニンを濃度が0.1mg/mL(実施例8)、0.2mg/mL(実施例9)、0.3mg/mL(実施例10)、0.4mg/mL(実施例11)、0.5mg/mL(実施例12)、3.0mg/mL(実施例13)、6.0mg/mL(実施例14)となるように超純水で溶解させて水溶液を調製した。
実施例1の抗氷核活性剤(アデニン)について、その濃度が抗氷核活性に与える影響を調べた。
アデニンの濃度が0.1mg/mL〜6.0mg/mLの範囲において、全て抗氷核活性能を有することが分かった。中でも、アデニンの濃度が1.0mg/mLの場合に、最も優れた抗氷核活性値(9.2℃)を示した。
氷核活性物質であるヨウ化銀を、シュードモナス細菌であるシュードモナス・フルオレッセンス(Pseudomonas fluorescens)に代えた以外は試験例1と同様の方法で、実施例1の評価用サンプルを調製した。上記試験例1と同様の試験方法で、抗氷核活性能(過冷却促進能)を測定した結果、アデニンを含有する抗氷核活性剤は、ヨウ化銀以外に、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンスに対しても、抗氷核活性能(1.0℃)を示した。
牛レバー(縦1mm×横1mm×高さ1mm)の上に、実施例1(アデニン)の抗氷核活性剤の水溶液を超純水で10倍希釈した水溶液(終濃度0.1mg/mL)を10μL滴下した。ブランクサンプルとしては超純水を使用した。
実施例1(アデニン)の抗氷核活性剤を、実施例5(カフェイン)の抗氷核活性剤に代えた以外は、試験例4と同様に抗氷活性試験を行った。
6塩基(実施例15)、9塩基(実施例16)、12塩基(実施例17)のポリデオキシアデニル酸を濃度が1.0mg/mLとなるようにTE緩衝液に溶解させて水溶液を調製した。
アデニンを有する重合体(ポリデオキシアデニル酸)について、その塩基数が抗氷核活性に与える影響を調べた。
ポリデオキシアデニル酸の塩基数が6、9、12塩基と増大するにつれて、抗氷核活性値が増加した。この結果から、氷核活性物質が大きな場合にも、氷核活性を制御できるようになることが分かる。
Claims (7)
- プリン塩基、又はプリン塩基を有する重合体を含有する抗氷核活性剤。
- 前記プリン塩基が、アデニン、プリン、グアニン、ヒポキサンチン、キサンチン、テオブロミン、カフェイン、尿酸、イソグアニン、及びテオフィリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1に記載の抗氷核活性剤。
- 前記プリン塩基が、アデニン、尿酸又はカフェインである、請求項1又は2に記載の抗氷核活性剤。
- 請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤、及び水を含有する不凍性液体。
- 前記抗氷核活性剤を0.1〜10mg/mL含有する、請求項4に記載の不凍性液体。
- 請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を生物材料に接触させる工程を含む、生物材料の抗氷核活性を向上させる方法。
- 請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の抗氷核活性剤を生物材料に接触させる工程を含む、生物材料の保存方法。
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