JPWO2015178479A1 - 正極材料、二次電池、正極材料の製造方法および二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
正極材料、二次電池、正極材料の製造方法および二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 130
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 27
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000024 high-resolution transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical group [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- KFAFTZQGYMGWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxovanadiooxy)vanadium Chemical compound O=[V]O[V]=O KFAFTZQGYMGWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012002 vanadium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013594 LiOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZQVHTTABFLHMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitropyridine Chemical compound N1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 ZQVHTTABFLHMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021551 Vanadium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021541 Vanadium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYDMXQQVXGMPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[V] UYDMXQQVXGMPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-XHTSQIMGSA-N (e)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium Chemical compound [V]=O.C\C(O)=C/C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C/C(C)=O FSJSYDFBTIVUFD-XHTSQIMGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;vanadium Chemical compound [V].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021550 Vanadium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZCONUBOESKGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZZCONUBOESKGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
非特許文献1 X.Rui,et al., J. PowerSources, 214, 171 (2012)
非特許文献2 L.Zhang, et al., J. Power Sources, 203, 121 (2012)
非特許文献3 A.Pan et al., 「Nano−structured Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite forhigh−rate lithium−ion batteries」,Electrochemistry Communications, 12, 1674−1677(2010)
本実施例1では、下記に示す製造手順により、モル比で10%のアルミニウムが固溶したリン酸バナジウムリチウムとカーボンナノファイバ(以後、CNFという場合がある)の複合体からなる正極材料を生成した。
図10は、参考例1のリン酸バナジウムリチウム複合体のアルカリ凝集沈殿法による製造方法における第1の処理を示す。図10に示すように、まず、CNFと塩化バナジウム(III)を蒸留水(H2O)に加え、混合液をUC処理した。次に、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)を加えて混合液をpH=7に調整することで、塩化バナジウム(III)を加水分解し、水酸化バナジウム(III)(V(OH)3)を生成した。このとき、UC処理を2分間行う。そして、溶液から不純物を濾過し、80℃で真空乾燥した後、窒素雰囲気中、800℃で5分間焼成した。この焼成で、水酸化バナジウム(III)に脱水縮合反応が生じ、CNFの表面に結合した酸化バナジウム(III)(V2O3)を形成した。
本実施例2では、第1の処理で使用した混合溶液におけるメタバナジン酸アンモニウム0.95当量に対し硝酸アルミニウム0.05当量混合させて、5%のアルミニウムが固溶したリン酸バナジウムリチウム(LiV1.9Al0.1(PO4)3)とカーボンナノファイバの複合体粉末からなる正極材料を生成した。
本実施例3では、アルミニウムに代えて、リチウムの脱挿入により価数の変化しない金属としてガリウムまたはインジウムを固溶させたリン酸バナジウムリチウム(LiV1.9M0.1O3、M=Ga、In)とカーボンナノファイバの複合体粉末からなる正極材料を生成した。
Claims (14)
- リチウムイオンの脱挿入により3価から5価の間で価数が変化するバナジウムを含むリン酸バナジウムリチウムと、
導電性炭素材料と、
を含み、
前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムは、前記導電性炭素材料の表面に結合しており、
前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムにおける全重量の90%以上は、直径が10から200nmの粒子形状の結晶体である正極材料。 - 前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムの直径は、10から100nmである請求項1に記載の正極材料。
- 前記導電性炭素材料は、カーボンナノファイバである請求項1または2に記載の正極材料。
- 前記導電性炭素材料は、中空シェル状の構造を有する導電性カーボンブラックである請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の正極材料。
- 前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムは、さらにアルミニウムを含み、
前記アルミニウムは、前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムに固溶している請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記アルミニウムを含む前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムは、一般式LiV2―xAlx(PO4)3で表され、xは0<x≦0.5である請求項5に記載の正極材料。
- 請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の前記正極材料を含む正極と、負極と、イオン伝導体と、セパレータとを有する二次電池。
- バナジウム源と、
導電性炭素材料と、
複数のカルボキシル基を有する有機化合物と、
複数の水酸基を有するアルコールと、
を含む混合物の水溶液を、旋回する反応容器内でずり応力と遠心力を加えて、酸化バナジウムを導電性炭素材料の表面に結合させるステップを含む第1の処理と、
前記混合物にリン酸源とリチウム源とを加えて、旋回する反応容器内でずり応力と遠心力を加えて、前記導電性炭素材料の表面に粒子形状で結合したリン酸バナジウムリチウムを生成するステップを含む第2の処理と、
を含む正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記第1の処理は、酸化バナジウムを導電性炭素材料の表面に結合させるステップに続いて、
前記混合物を乾燥するステップと、
前記混合物を焼成するステップと、
をさらに含む請求項8に記載の正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記混合物を乾燥するステップは、
前記複数のカルボキシル基を有する有機化合物と、
前記複数の水酸基を有するアルコールと、
前記複数のカルボキシル基を有する有機化合物と前記複数の水酸基を有するアルコールとのエステル化反応により生成する有機化合物と、
を蒸発させるステップをさらに含む請求項9に記載の正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記第2の処理は、前記導電性炭素材料の表面に粒子形状で結合したリン酸バナジウムリチウムを生成するステップに続いて、
前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムを乾燥するステップと、
前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムを焼成するステップと、
をさらに含む請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の正極材料の製造方法。 - 酸化バナジウムを導電性炭素材料の表面に結合させるステップにおける混合物は、さらにアルミニウム源を含む請求項8から11の何れか1項に記載の正極材料の製造方法。
- バナジウム源とアルミニウム源は、バナジウム源におけるバナジウム1モルに対して、アルミニウム源におけるアルミニウムのモル数の範囲が0より多く0.33以下となるように混合する請求項8から12の何れか1項に記載の正極材料の製造方法。
- 請求項8から13の何れか1項に記載の正極材料の製造方法を含む、二次電池の製造方法。
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