JPWO2015025794A1 - 膜形成用組成物及び単層塗布型水平配向フィルム - Google Patents
膜形成用組成物及び単層塗布型水平配向フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015025794A1 JPWO2015025794A1 JP2015532837A JP2015532837A JPWO2015025794A1 JP WO2015025794 A1 JPWO2015025794 A1 JP WO2015025794A1 JP 2015532837 A JP2015532837 A JP 2015532837A JP 2015532837 A JP2015532837 A JP 2015532837A JP WO2015025794 A1 JPWO2015025794 A1 JP WO2015025794A1
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiouracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1 ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000329 thiouracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
1.式[1a]及び[1b]で表される繰り返し単位を含む少なくとも1種の重合体と有機溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする膜形成用組成物。
M1は式[4]で表される基であり、M2は式[5]で表される基であり、
m及びnはそれぞれ0<m<100、0<n<100、かつ、m+n≦100を満たす数であり、
q及びrはそれぞれ独立に2〜9の整数である。]
2.1の膜形成用組成物を基板に塗布し、次いで偏光を照射し、硬化させることにより得られる単層塗布型水平配向フィルム。
3.上記偏光が、直線偏光紫外線である2の単層塗布型水平配向フィルム。
4.2又は3の単層塗布型水平配向フィルムを備える光学部材。
本発明の膜形成用組成物は、少なくとも1種の下記重合体と有機溶媒とを含有する。
なお、重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるポリスチレン換算測定値である。
本発明で用いる重合体の原料となる重合性化合物は、式[6]及び[7]で表される。
上記重合性化合物は、有機合成化学における手法を組み合わせることによって合成することができ、その合成法は特に限定されない。
G1が−COO−の場合、下記スキームで表されるように、式[10]で表される安息香酸誘導体とフェノール誘導体とを、溶媒中、縮合剤の存在下で縮合させることにより製造される。
また、式[10]及び[11]で表される化合物であってX'が式[9]で表される基であるもの、及び式[12]で表される化合物は、例えば、Talaga等(P. Talaga, M. Schaeffer, C. Benezra and J. L. Stampf, Synthesis, 530 (1990))が提案する手法を用いて合成することができる。この手法は、下記合成スキームA1で表されるように、SnCl2を用いて2−(ブロモメチル)アクリル酸とアルデヒド又はケトンとを反応させる方法である。なお、2−(ブロモメチル)アクリル酸は、Ramarajan等が提案する方法で得ることができる(K.Ramarajan, K.Kamalingam, D. J. O'Donnell and K. D. Berlin, Organic Synthesis, vol. 61,pp. 56-59 (1983))。
上記重合体を合成する方法としては、特に限定されず、ラジカル重合、アニオン重合、カチオン重合等を採用し得る。これらのうち、特にラジカル重合が好ましく、具体的には、溶媒中、上記重合性化合物を重合開始剤の存在下で加熱し、重合させればよい。
反応温度は、0℃から使用する溶媒の沸点までで適宜設定すればよいが、20〜100℃程度が好ましい。反応時間は、0.1〜30時間程度が好ましい。
本発明の膜形成用組成物に含まれる有機溶媒としては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類;N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン等の極性溶媒;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸エチル等のエステル類;3−メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2−メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3−メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、2−メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3−エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、2−エトキシプロピオン酸エチル等のアルコキシエステル類;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のグリコールジアルキルエーテル類;ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のジグリコールジアルキルエーテル類;エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のグリコールモノアルキルエーテル類;ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のジグリコールモノアルキルエーテル類;プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、カルビトールアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート等のグリコールモノアルキルエーテルエステル類;シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、2−ヘプタノン等のケトン類等を挙げることができる。これらの有機溶媒は1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。
有機溶媒の使用量は、組成物中60〜95質量%程度とすることが好適である。
本発明の膜形成用組成物には、基板との親和性を向上させる目的で界面活性剤を添加してもよい。界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。これらのうち、基板との親和性改善効果の高いフッ素系界面活性剤が好ましい。
以上説明した本発明の膜形成用組成物を基板(例えば、シリコン/二酸化シリコン被覆基板、シリコンナイトライド基板、金属、例えば、アルミニウム、モリブデン、クロム等が被覆された基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、ITO基板等)やフィルム(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム、シクロオレフィンポリマーフィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、アクリルフィルム等の樹脂フィルム)等の上に、バーコート、スピンコート、フローコート、ロールコート、スリットコート、スリットコートに続いたスピンコート、インクジェット法、印刷法等の方法によって塗布して塗膜を形成し、その後、ホットプレート又はオーブン等で加熱乾燥することにより、膜を形成することができる。
直線偏光の照射方法としては、通常150〜450nmの波長の紫外線〜可視光線が用いられ、室温又は加熱した状態で、直線偏光を照射することによって行われる。照射線量は、用いる光によって異なるが、概ね100〜2,000mJ/cm2が好ましい。
[1]1H−NMR
化合物を重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)に溶解し、核磁気共鳴装置(300MHz、ジオール社製)を用いて1H−NMRを測定した。
[2]平均分子量測定
昭和電工(株)製Shodex GPC−101(溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、検量線:標準ポリスチレン)を用いて、数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定した。
[3]ヘイズ値
(有)東京電色製Spectral Haze Meter(TC-1800H)を用いてフィルムのヘイズ値を測定した。
[4]フィルムのリタデーション値(Δnd)
リタデーション測定装置(RETS−100、大塚電子(株)製)を用いて波長550nmのΔndを測定した。
[5]偏光顕微鏡観察
(株)ニコン製の偏光顕微鏡E600−Polを用いて観察を行った。
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:1.3-1.7(m, 8H), 3.67(m, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 4.03(t, 2H), 6.91(d, 2H), 7.99(d, 2H).
この固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィ(カラム:シリカゲル60、0.063−0.200mm、メルク社製、溶出液:ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=2/1)で精製した。得られた溶液から溶媒を留去して、無色の固体1.3gを得た。この固体を1H−NMRで測定した結果を以下に示す。この結果から、この無色の固体が目的の中間体化合物(B1)であることが確認された(収率50%)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:1.3-1.8(m, 6H), 2.49(t, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 3.99(t, 2H), 6.87(d, 2H), 7.99(d, 2H), 9.78(s, 1H).
抽出後の有機層に、無水硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥し、減圧ろ過した後の溶液から溶媒を留去し、無色固体1.5gを得た。この固体を1H−NMRで測定した結果を以下に示す。この結果から、この無色固体が目的の中間体化合物(C1)であることが確認された(収率94%)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ:1.3-1.8(m, 8H), 2.62(m, 1H), 3.04(s, 1H), 3.81(s, 3H), 4.05(t, 2H), 4.54(m, 1H), 5.70(s, 1H), 6.01(s, 1H), 7.03(d, 2H), 7.89(d, 2H).
次に、冷却管付き50mLナスフラスコに、得られた白色固体1.1g、Amberlyst(登録商標)15(ロームアンドハース社製)1.0g、及びテトラヒドロフラン20.0mLを加えて混合物とし、70℃で5時間攪拌して反応させた。反応終了後、反応液を減圧ろ過した後の溶液から溶媒を留去し黄色固体を得た。この黄色固体を再結晶(ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=1/1)で精製した後、白色固体0.9gを得た。この固体を1H−NMRで測定した結果を以下に示す。この結果から、この白色固体が目的の中間体化合物(D1)であることが確認された(収率71%)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ:1.2-1.8(m, 8H), 2.60(m, 1H), 3.09(m, 1H), 4.04(m, 2H), 4.55(m, 1H), 5.69(s, 1H), 6.02(s, 1H), 6.99(d, 2H), 7.88(d, 2H), 12.5(s, broad, 1H).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:1.40-1.90(m, 8H), 2.58(m, 1H), 3.08(m, 1H), 3.80(s, 3H), 4.05(t, 2H), 4.55(m, 1H), 5.64(s, 1H), 6.22(s, 1H), 6.42(d, 1H), 6.97(d, 2H), 7.22(d, 2H), 7.60(d, 2H), 7.70(d, 1H), 8.15(d, 2H).
分液した有機層は、無水硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥し、ろ過した後に減圧下で溶媒を留去し、黄色の固体を得た。この固体を酢酸エチル3mLに溶解し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィ(カラム:シリカゲル60、0.063−0.200mm、メルク社製、溶出液:へキサン/酢酸エチル=1/1)により精製した。得られた溶液から溶媒を留去し、白色の固体6.9gを得た。この固体を1H−NMRで測定した結果を以下に示す。この結果から、この白色固体が目的の中間体化合物(A2)であることが確認された(収率91%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δ:1.26(m, 6H), 1.69(m, 2H), 3.37(t, 2H), 4.03(t, 2H), 7.06(d, 2H), 7.69(d, 2H), 7.85(m, 4H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3) δ:1.50(m, 4H), 1.73(m, 2H), 1.85(m, 2H), 4.05(t, 2H), 4.20(t, 2H), 5.82(d, 1H), 6.15(m, 1H), 6.41(d, 1H), 6.99(d, 2H), 7.55(d, 2H), 7.66(m, 4H).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:1.56(m, 4H), 1.75(m, 2H), 1.85(m, 2H), 2.61(m, 1H), 3.07(m, 1H), 4.06(t, 2H), 4.54(m, 1H), 5.63(d, 1H), 6.24(d, 1H), 6.97(d, 2H), 7.29(d, 2H), 7.35(m, 1H), 7.45(m, 2H), 7.62(m, 4H), 8.17(d, 2H).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.57(m, 4H), 1.70(m, 2H), 1.86(m, 2H), 4.00(m, 2H), 4.19(m, 2H), 5.82(m, 1H), 6.12(m, 1H), 6.39(m, 1H), 6.97(d, 2H), 7.29(m, 2H), 7.36(m, 1H), 7.47(m, 2H), 7.62(m, 4H), 8.18(m, 2H)
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.56(m, 4H), 1.76(m, 2H), 1.86(m, 2H), 3.81(s, 3H), 4.04(m, 2H), 4.19(m, 2H), 5.84(d, 1H), 6.14(m, 1H), 6.40(m, 1H), 6.97(d, 2H), 7.22(m, 3H), 7.57(d, 2H), 7.70(d, 1H), 8.17(d, 2H).
得られた重合体(1)のMnは20,643、Mwは64,612であった(Mw/Mn=3.13)。
得られた重合体(1)のMnは23,432、Mwは52,956であった(Mw/Mn=2.26)。
得られた重合体(1)のMnは15,877、Mwは51,759であった(Mw/Mn=3.26)。
得られた重合体(1)のMnは12,678、Mwは22,313であった(Mw/Mn=1.76)。
上記合成例で得られた重合体を用いて膜形成用組成物を調製し、下記条件にしたがってフィルムを作製し、その特性を検討した。
フィルム作製条件:
スピンコート:300rpm/5sec、500−1000rpm/20sec
プリベーク:50℃/30sec(ホットプレート)
露光:直線偏光紫外線、垂直照射、照射線量1,000mJ/cm2(波長313nm)
ポストベーク:100℃又は120℃/20分(ホットプレート)
重合体(1)150mg及びR−30(DIC(株)製界面活性剤、以下同じ。)0.3mgをシクロヘキサノン850mgに溶解し、重合体(1)の溶液を得た。
この溶液を、ガラス基板にスピンコートにより塗布し、プリベークした後、室温まで放冷した。このとき、基板上に得られた膜は透明であった。
次に、ガラス基板に形成された塗膜を露光した後、ポストベークした。得られたフィルムは、膜厚は1.4μmであり、偏光顕微鏡でそれを観察したところ、フィルムが基板面に対して水平配向していることを確認した。そして、そのΔndは43nmであり、ヘイズ値は0.3%であった。図1に、上記フィルムのΔndの角度依存性を示す。
重合体(2)150mg及びR−30 0.3mgをシクロヘキサノン850mgに溶解し、重合体(2)の溶液を得た。
この溶液を、ガラス基板にスピンコートにより塗布し、プリベークした後、室温まで放冷した。このとき、基板上の得られた膜は透明であった。
次に、ガラス基板に形成された塗膜を露光した後、ポストベークした。得られたフィルムは、膜厚は1.6μmであり、偏光顕微鏡でそれを観察したところ、フィルムが基板面に対して水平配向していることを確認した。そして、そのΔndは53nmであり、ヘイズ値は0.0%であった。図2に上記フィルムのΔndの角度依存性を示す。
重合体(3)150mg及びR−30 0.3mgをシクロヘキサノン850mgに溶解し、重合体(3)の溶液を得た。
この溶液を、ガラス基板にスピンコートにより塗布し、プリベークした後、室温まで放冷した。このとき、基板上の得られた膜は透明であった。
次に、ガラス基板に形成された塗膜を露光した後、ポストベークした。得られたフィルムは、膜厚は1.8μmであり、偏光顕微鏡でそれを観察したところ、フィルムが基板面に対して水平配向していることを確認した。そして、そのΔndは79nmであり、ヘイズ値は0.4%であった。図3に上記フィルムのΔndの角度依存性を示す。
重合体(4)150mg及びR−30 0.3mgをシクロヘキサノン850mgに溶解し、重合体(4)の溶液を得た。
この溶液を、ガラス基板にスピンコートにより塗布し、プリベークした後、室温まで放冷した。このとき、基板上の得られた膜は透明であった。
次に、ガラス基板に形成された塗膜を露光した後、100℃のホットプレート上で20分間ポストベークした。得られたフィルムは、膜厚は1.5μmであり、偏光顕微鏡でそれを観察したところ、水平配向フィルムが得られず、そのΔndは25nmであり、ヘイズ値は4.0%であった。図4に上記フィルムのΔndの角度依存性を示す。
Claims (4)
- 式[1a]及び[1b]で表される繰り返し単位を含む少なくとも1種の重合体と有機溶媒とを含有することを特徴とする膜形成用組成物。
M1は式[4]で表される基であり、M2は式[5]で表される基であり、
m及びnはそれぞれ0<m<100、0<n<100、かつ、m+n≦100を満たす数であり、
q及びrはそれぞれ独立に2〜9の整数である。] - 請求項1記載の膜形成用組成物を基板に塗布し、次いで偏光を照射し、硬化させることにより得られる単層塗布型水平配向フィルム。
- 上記偏光が、直線偏光紫外線である請求項2記載の単層塗布型水平配向フィルム。
- 請求項2又は3記載の単層塗布型水平配向フィルムを備える光学部材。
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