JPWO2015016046A1 - 固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物、及び該固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を正極に用いた非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物、及び該固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を正極に用いた非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015016046A1 JPWO2015016046A1 JP2015529500A JP2015529500A JPWO2015016046A1 JP WO2015016046 A1 JPWO2015016046 A1 JP WO2015016046A1 JP 2015529500 A JP2015529500 A JP 2015529500A JP 2015529500 A JP2015529500 A JP 2015529500A JP WO2015016046 A1 JPWO2015016046 A1 JP WO2015016046A1
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- Prior art keywords
- solid solution
- metal oxide
- transition metal
- positive electrode
- containing transition
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 101150004907 litaf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(cyclobutylmethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NCC2CCC2)=C1 MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002070 thin film alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/125—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3
- C01G45/1257—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3 containing lithium, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4, Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/56—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO3]2-, e.g. Li2[NixMn1-xO3], Li2[MyNixMn1-x-yO3
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
<正極活物質(固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物)10の組成>
正極活物質10として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Co0.015V0.015Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.285、b=0.03(0.015+0.015)、c=0.885、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n={3価(Coの価数)+5価(Vの価数)}÷2=4価である)を用いた。この正極活物質10は、以下により合成した。
本実施例の正極活物質(固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物)10は、複合炭酸塩法を用いて合成した。まず、出発物質にはLi、Ni、Mn及び多価異種元素(置換元素)M(=Co、V)の硫酸塩を使用し、各金属を上記組成式となるように所定量混合した後、2Mの複合硫酸塩水溶液として調製した。沈殿剤には2Mの炭酸ナトリウムの水溶液を使用し、pH調製には0.2Mのアンモニア水溶液を用いた。マグネチックスターラーで攪拌されている上記複合硫酸塩水溶液に上記炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を滴下し前躯体を沈殿させた。得られた沈殿物を乾燥することで前駆体を得た。その後、得られた前駆体と水酸化リチウムを所定のモル比で粉砕混合し、500℃で仮焼成後、大気中800℃〜1000℃で12時間〜24時間焼成することにより、目的の試料(正極活物質10)を得た。
正極活物質 :正極活物質10粉末 90重量部
導電助剤 :燐片状黒鉛 1重量部
アセチレンブラック 4重量部
結着剤 :ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF) 5重量部
粘度調整溶剤:N−メチルピロリドン(NMP) 74重量部
<正極用スラリーの製造>
上記組成の正極用スラリーを次のように調製した。まず、結着剤(バインダー)としてのPVDF5.0重量部を粘度調整溶剤のNMP50.0重量部に溶解してバインダー溶液を作製した。次に、導電助剤として燐片状黒鉛1.0重量部及びアセチレンブラック4.0重量部(合計5.0重量部)と、正極活物質粉として上記合成で得られた正極活物質10粉末90重量部を、上記バインダー溶液60.0重量部に加え、プラネタリーミキサー(プライミクス社製、ハイビスミックス2P−03型)にて混練し、その後、混練物に粘度調整溶剤のNMP24.0重量部を加えて、正極用スラリー(固形分濃度60重量%)とした。
集電体として20μm厚の(シート状の)アルミニウム集電箔の片面に、上記正極用スラリーをバーコーターにより(乾燥後の正極活物質層の重量が概ね3.5mg/cm2となるように)塗布した。続いて、この正極スラリーを塗布した集電箔を、ホットプレート上にて乾燥(120℃〜130℃、乾燥時間10分)を行い、正極活物質層を形成した。乾燥により正極活物質層に残留するNMP量を0.02重量%以下とした。これにより、シート状正極を得た。
次に、上記シート状正極をローラープレスにかけて圧縮成形し、切断して、片面の正極活物質層の重量約3.5mg/cm2、厚さ約50μm、密度2.70g/cm3の正極C1を作製した。
次に、この正極C1を用い真空乾燥炉にて乾燥処理を行った。乾燥炉内部に正極C1を設置した後、室温(25℃)にて減圧(100mmHg(1.33×104Pa))し乾燥炉内の空気を除去した。続いて、窒素ガスを流通(100cm3/分)しながら、10℃/分で120℃まで昇温し、120℃で再度減圧して炉内の窒素を排気したまま12時間保持した後、室温まで降温した。こうして正極C11を得た。
リチウムイオン二次電池の作製は以下の条件として行った。
正極活物質11として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Mo0.03Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.285、b=0.03、c=0.885、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n=6価(Moの価数)である)を用いた。この正極活物質11は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
正極活物質12として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Mg0.015Mo0.015Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.285、b=0.03(0.015+0.015)、c=0.885、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n={2価(Mgの価数)+6価(Moの価数)}÷2=4価である)を用いた。この正極活物質12は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
正極活物質13として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Bi0.03Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.285、b=0.03、c=0.885、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n=5価(Biの価数)である)を用いた。この正極活物質13は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
正極活物質14として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Zn0.015Bi0.015Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.285、b=(0.015+0.015)、c=0.885、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n={2価(Znの価数)+5価(Biの価数)}÷2=3.5価である)を用いた。この正極活物質14は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
正極活物質15として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.3Mn0.9[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.3、b=0、c=0.9、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、多価異種元素(置換元素)Mは含有せず)を用いた。この正極活物質15は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
正極活物質16として、
組成式:Li1.5[Ni0.285Zn0.03Mn0.885[Li]0.3]O3(ここで、上記組成式を組成式(1)に当てはめると、a=0.3、b=0.03、c=0.9、d=0.30、a+b+c+d=1.5、a+b+c=1.2、Mの価数n=2価(Znの価数)である)を用いた。この正極活物質16は、実施例1に準じて合成した。
<1.電気化学前処理(工程)>
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜2で得られたリチウムイオン二次電池1〜7を用いて、所定の電位範囲における電池の最高電位が、リチウム金属対極に換算して4.3V以上4.8V未満である充電又は充放電を行う電気化学前処理を以下の通り行った。
上記電気化学前処理を行ったリチウムイオン二次電池1〜7を用いて、所定の電位範囲における電池の最高電位が、リチウム金属対極に換算して4.8Vである充電又は充放電を行う充放電処理を以下の通り行った。
表4、5は各元素置換材料(組成式(1)のM)の組成と置換元素の形式価数(組成式(1)のMの価数n)、初期の充電時(充放電処理の充電時)の結晶構造変化量(スピネル構造変化割合kの算出式から得られたk値)及び放電容量、充放電効率を示したものである。充放電効率は図3ないし表4、5に示すように置換元素Mの形式価数nないし構造変化量kの増加にしたがって、改善することが示された。さらに表4ないし図4、5から放電容量は、形式価数nが3以上(好ましくは4以上)で、構造変化量kが0.76以上のときに、比較的高い値を保持しており、形式価数nないし構造変化量kの増加にしたがって、改善することが示さることから、価数3以上の多価異種元素置換と構造変化量により高容量と高効率を両立させることができた。
上記電気化学前処理と充放電処理を行ったリチウムイオン二次電池1〜7を用いて、以下の条件で充放電を行って、負荷電流特性を評価した。
上記電気化学前処理と充放電処理を行ったリチウムイオン二次電池1〜7を用いて、下記の0.1Cレートでの充放電を、室温で50サイクルを繰り返した。1サイクル目の放電容量に対する50サイクル目の放電容量の割合を、50サイクル後の容量維持率(%)とした。表7に得られた結果を示す。
表7は各元素置換材料(組成式(1)のM)の組成と置換元素の形式価数(組成式(1)のMの価数n)、初期の充電時(充放電処理の充電時)の結晶構造変化量(スピネル構造変化割合kの算出式から得られたk値)及び50サイクル後の容量維持率、0.5C、1C、2.5C容量維持率を示したものである。容量維持率は表7に示すように置換元素Mの形式価数nないし構造変化量kの増加にしたがって、改善することが示された。このことと、上記表4、5及び図3〜5の結果から、価数3以上の多価異種元素置換と構造変化量により高容量と高効率と高容量維持率を実現させることができた。
10 電池素子、
11 正極、
11A 正極集電体、
11B 正極活物質層、
12 負極、
12A 負極集電体、
12B 負極活物質層、
13 電解質層、
14 単電池層、
21 正極リード、
22 負極リード、
30 外装体。
Claims (5)
- 下記組成式(1)
層状構造部位と、所定の電位範囲における充電又は充放電を行うことによりスピネル構造に変化する部位とを有し、
当該固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物における層状構造のLi2MnO3がスピネル構造のLiMn2O4に全て変化した場合のスピネル構造変化割合を1としたとき、当該固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物のスピネル構造変化割合kが、0.25≦k<1.0の範囲であることを特徴とする固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物。 - 前記Mの価数nが、4≦n≦6の範囲であり、前記スピネル構造変化割合kが、0.5≦k≦0.9の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物。
- 前記Mの価数nが、4≦n≦5の範囲であり、前記スピネル構造変化割合kが、0.6≦k≦0.9の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つの項に記載の固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を正極に用いた非水電解質二次電池において、
所定の電位範囲における電池の最高電位が、リチウム金属対極に換算して4.8Vである充電又は充放電を行う充放電処理により、所定の固溶体リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物のスピネル構造変化割合kを得てなることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 所定の電位範囲における電池の最高電位が、リチウム金属対極に換算して4.3V以上4.8V未満である充電又は充放電を行う電気化学前処理と、前記充放電処理により、前記スピネル構造変化割合kを得てなることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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