JPWO2014200107A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2014200107A1 JPWO2014200107A1 JP2014542046A JP2014542046A JPWO2014200107A1 JP WO2014200107 A1 JPWO2014200107 A1 JP WO2014200107A1 JP 2014542046 A JP2014542046 A JP 2014542046A JP 2014542046 A JP2014542046 A JP 2014542046A JP WO2014200107 A1 JPWO2014200107 A1 JP WO2014200107A1
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- laminated glass
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Images
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- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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Abstract
Description
中間膜が、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるナフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるアントラシアニン化合物及び極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるスレン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分を含み(第1の構成)、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0以上である。
JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した後、作製された合わせガラスに、JIS R3205に準拠して、750Wの石英ガラス水銀灯にて紫外線を500時間照射した際に、可視光線透過率の変化ΔA−Yを示す式:(紫外線の照射後のA−Y)−(紫外線の照射前のA−Y)の値の絶対値が1.0以下であり(第2の構成)、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0を超える。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜と、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスとを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、得られる合わせガラスを、合わせガラスCとする。上記合わせガラスCに用いられる2枚のクリアガラスは、厚み2.5mmの透明フロート板ガラスであることが好ましい。また、上記合わせガラスCに用いられる合わせガラス用中間膜は、厚み0.76mmの合わせガラス用中間膜であることが好ましい。この合わせガラスCは、2枚のクリアガラスの間に、中間膜を配置することにより得られる。合わせガラスCの相対暗所視輝度L’sは好ましくは60以上、好ましくは100以下である。上記相対暗所視輝度L’sが上記好ましい下限以上であれば、暗所での視認性に優れた合わせガラスを得ることができる。上記相対暗所視輝度L’sが上記好ましい上限以下であれば、防眩性により一層優れた合わせガラスを得ることができる。上記相対暗所視輝度L’sは下記の成分X又は下記の成分Xに類似する成分Yの含有量によって、調節できる。合わせガラスCの相対暗所視輝度L’sは、より好ましくは80以上、より好ましくは90以下である。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した後、作製された合わせガラスに、JIS R3205に準拠して、750Wの石英ガラス水銀灯にて紫外線を500時間照射した際に、可視光線透過率の変化ΔA−Y(下記式で示される値)の絶対値が、上記好ましい範囲であれば、得られる合わせガラスの耐光性を向上させることができる。上記合わせガラスに用いられる2枚のクリアガラスは、厚み2.5mmの透明フロート板ガラスであることが好ましい。また、上記合わせガラスCに用いられる合わせガラス用中間膜は、厚み0.76mmの合わせガラス用中間膜であることが好ましい。特に、上記合わせガラスの、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0を超える場合に、上記ΔA−Yが上記好ましい範囲を満たすことで、耐光性に加え、暗所での視認性及び防眩性により一層優れた合わせガラス用中間膜を得ることができる。上記可視光線透過率の変化ΔA−Yの絶対値は、0.7以下であることがより好ましく、0.5以下であることが更に好ましい。下記の紫外線の照射前のA−Yは、初期のA−Yである。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されない。上記熱可塑性樹脂として、従来公知の熱可塑性樹脂を用いることが可能である。上記熱可塑性樹脂は1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記成分Xは、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるナフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるアントラシアニン化合物及び極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるスレン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分である。上記成分Xは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。なかでも、より一層高い防眩性と耐光性とが得られることから、本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記成分Xとして、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるナフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分を含むことが好ましく、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物を含むことがより好ましい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記成分Xに類似する成分Yを含んでいてもよい。上記成分Yとしては、例えば、テトラアザポルフィリンの誘導体、及びアントラキノンの誘導体などが挙げられる。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、合わせガラス部材と中間膜との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。さらに、中間膜が、上記熱可塑性樹脂と上記成分Xとともに上記金属塩Mを含むことで、上記2)耐光性をより一層高めることができる。このことは、本発明者らにより見出された。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、耐光性がより一層高くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤を用いていない場合にも、上記熱可塑性樹脂と上記成分X又は上記成分Yとを併用することで、上記熱可塑性樹脂とともに上記成分X又は上記成分Yを用いていない場合と比べて、耐光性を高くすることができる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。該酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、必要に応じて、光安定剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、染料、接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜の厚みは特に限定されない。実用面の観点、並びに遮熱性を充分に高める観点からは、中間膜の厚みは、好ましくは0.1mm以上、より好ましくは0.25mm以上、好ましくは3mm以下、より好ましくは1.5mm以下である。中間膜の厚みが上記下限以上であると、合わせガラスの耐貫通性が高くなる。
図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係る合わせガラス用中間膜を用いた合わせガラスの一例を断面図で示す。
PVB1(n−ブチルアルデヒドによりアセタール化されているポリビニルブチラール樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30.8モル%、アセチル化度0.7モル%、ブチラール化度68.5モル%)
3GO(トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート)
SG−5A1257(銅フタロシアニン化合物、住化カラー社製「BLUE SG−5A1257」、極大吸収波長715nm、波長620nmにも吸収波長ピーク有)
SG−4A1053(銅フタロシアニン化合物、住化カラー社製「GREEN SG−4A1053」、極大吸収波長620nm)
SG−531(スレン化合物、住化カラー社製「BLUE SG−531」、極大吸収波長640nm)
TAP−45(テトラアザポルフィリン化合物、山田化学工業社製「TAP−45」、極大吸収波長585nm)
SG−1505(アントラキノン化合物、住化カラー社製「BLUE SG−1505」、極大吸収波長645nm、波長595nmにも吸収波長ピーク有)
SG−1650(アントラキノン化合物、住化カラー社製「VIOLET SG−1650」、極大吸収波長565nm、波長605nmにも吸収波長ピーク有)
SG−100(ペリレン化合物、住化カラー社製「RED SG−100」、極大吸収波長475nm)
Mg塩の混合物(酢酸マグネシウム50重量%、2−エチル酪酸マグネシウム50重量%のMg塩の混合物)
Tinuvin326(2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
H−BHT(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール、堺化学工業社製「H−BHT」)
中間膜の作製:
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)100重量部に対して、トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部と、SG−5A1257(銅フタロシアニン化合物、住化カラー社製「BLUE SG−5A1257」)を着色成分(成分X)の量で0.0028重量部と、Mg塩の混合物(酢酸マグネシウム50重量%、2−エチル酪酸マグネシウム50重量%のMg塩の混合物)を得られる中間膜中でマグネシウムの含有量が160ppmとなる量と、Tinuvin326(2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)0.2重量部と、H−BHT(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール、堺化学工業社製「H−BHT」)0.2重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。
JIS R3202(1996)に準拠したクリアガラスとして、2枚の透明フロート板ガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に、得られた中間膜(厚み0.76mm)を配置して、耐熱性のテープを用いてずれることがないように固定して、積層体を得た。
配合成分の種類及び含有量を下記の表2に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、単層の中間膜を作製した。得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、中間膜を備えた合わせガラスを作製した。
(1)極大吸収波長の測定方法
クロロホルム100重量部に対して、成分X及び成分Xに類似する成分Y0.002重量部(着色成分の含有量(製品中の成分X又は成分Xに類似する成分Yの含有量))を混合し、クロロホルム溶液を得た。得られたクロロホルム溶液を光路長1.0mmの分光光度計用石英セルへ入れた。自記分光光度計(日立製作所社製「U4100」)を用いて、300〜2500nm透過率を測定し、極大吸収波長を求めた。測定値は、上記の材料の欄に記載した。
自記分光光度計(日立製作所社製「U4100」)を用いて、50mm×50mmの大きさの合わせガラスの波長300〜2500nmでの透過率を測定し、JIS R3211(1998)に準拠して、380〜780nmの可視光線透過率を算出した。
試験者の顔面より500mmの距離に、視線が合わせガラスの面に直交するように300mm×300mmの大きさの合わせガラスを配置した。この状態で、試験者が、試験者から25mの距離にある光源を5秒間観測することで、防眩性を評価した。上記光源として、高圧水銀灯(日本技術センター社製「S−LIGHT SA160」)を用いた。判断基準は、De Boerの提案した下記表1に示す9点尺度を使用し、10人の試験者による評価の平均値を試験結果とした。なお、上記測定は暗室中で行った。
紫外線照射装置(スガ試験機社製「HLG−2S」)を用いて、JIS R3205に準拠して、紫外線(石英ガラス水銀灯(750W))を、300mm×300mmの大きさの合わせガラスに500時間及び1000時間照射した。500時間及び1000時間照射後の合わせガラスのA−Yを上記(2)可視光線透過率の評価と同じ方法により測定した。得られた測定値から、ΔA−Y((紫外線の照射後のA−Y)−(初期のA−Y))を求めた。なお、ΔA−Yの絶対値が小さいほど、耐光性に優れる。
分光放射計(トプコンテクノハウス社製「SR−3AR」)及び光源として高圧水銀灯(日本技術センター社製「S−LIGHT SA160」)を用いて、300mm×300mmの大きさの合わせガラスの暗所視輝度L’及び明所視輝度Lを測定した。測定の際には、分光放射計の受光部から受光方向に500mm離れた位置に、分光放射計の受光方向に直行するように合わせガラスを配置し、分光放射計の受光部から受光方向に3500mm離れた位置に上記光源を配置した。次に、合わせガラスを配置しないこと以外は暗所視輝度L’及び明所視輝度Lの測定と同様の方法により、暗所視輝度L’0及び明所視輝度L0を測定した。なお、上記測定は合わせガラスを配置せず、且つ、光源を点灯させずに測定した場合の、明所視輝度が0.015Cd/m2以下となる環境下で行った。
2…中間膜
2a…第1の表面
2b…第2の表面
11…合わせガラス
12…中間膜
13…第1の層(中間膜)
14…第2の層(中間膜)
15…第3の層(中間膜)
13a…外側の表面
15a…外側の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
Claims (8)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含み、
中間膜が、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるナフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるアントラシアニン化合物及び極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるスレン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分を含む第1の構成を備えるか、
又は、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した後、作製された合わせガラスに、JIS R3205に準拠して、750Wの石英ガラス水銀灯にて紫外線を500時間照射した際に、可視光線透過率の変化ΔA−Yを示す式:(紫外線の照射後のA−Y)−(紫外線の照射前のA−Y)の値の絶対値が1.0以下である第2の構成を備え、
中間膜が前記第1の構成を備える場合には、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0以上であり、
中間膜が前記第2の構成を備える場合には、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0を超える、合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 熱可塑性樹脂と、
極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるナフタロシアニン化合物、極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるアントラシアニン化合物及び極大吸収波長が550nm以上、750nm以下であるスレン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分とを含み、
JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0以上である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記比L’s/Lsが1.0を超える、請求項2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含み、
JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した後、作製された合わせガラスに、JIS R3205に準拠して、750Wの石英ガラス水銀灯にて紫外線を500時間照射した際に、可視光線透過率の変化ΔA−Yを示す式:(紫外線の照射後のA−Y)−(紫外線の照射前のA−Y)の値の絶対値が1.0以下であり、
JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、相対暗所視輝度L’sと、相対明所視輝度Lsとの比L’s/Lsが1.0を超える、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 可塑剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。
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