JP7254513B2 - 熱可塑性樹脂膜及びガラス板含有積層体 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂膜及びガラス板含有積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7254513B2 JP7254513B2 JP2018519984A JP2018519984A JP7254513B2 JP 7254513 B2 JP7254513 B2 JP 7254513B2 JP 2018519984 A JP2018519984 A JP 2018519984A JP 2018519984 A JP2018519984 A JP 2018519984A JP 7254513 B2 JP7254513 B2 JP 7254513B2
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- hindered amine
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Images
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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Description
上記樹脂膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含む。上記熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂及びシクロオレフィン樹脂等が挙げられる。
樹脂膜の接着力を適度に高める観点から、上記樹脂膜は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記表面層及び上記中間層が、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤との併用により、ガラス板、合わせガラス部材又は他の樹脂膜等に対する本発明に係る樹脂膜の接着力がより一層高くなる。上記可塑剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
光照射後の色むらを抑える観点から、上記樹脂膜は、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤とともに、上記顔料を含む。光照射後の色むらを効果的に抑える観点からは、上記中間層が、上記顔料を含むことが好ましい。上記表面層は、上記顔料を含んでいてもよく、上記顔料を含んでいなくてもよい。上記樹脂膜が多層である場合に、上記顔料と上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤とは同じ層に含まれていることが好ましい。
光照射後の色むら、及び変色を抑える観点から、上記樹脂膜は、上記顔料とともに、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含む。また、ヒンダードアミン光安定剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、太陽光に晒されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。光照射後の色むらを効果的に抑える観点からは、上記中間層が、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含むことが好ましい。上記表面層は、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含まないか又は含む。上記表面層は、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含んでいてもよく、上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含んでいなくてもよい。上記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤は1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜及び上記表面層は、マグネシウム塩、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩(以下、これらを併せて金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記中間層は、上記金属塩Mを含んでいてもよい、上記金属塩Mの使用により、ガラス板、合わせガラス部材又は他の樹脂膜等に対する本発明に係る樹脂膜の接着力を制御することがより一層容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜、上記表面層及び上記中間層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、高温下で使用されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜、上記表面層及び上記中間層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、高温下で使用されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜は、必要に応じて、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
遮音性を効果的に高める観点からは、上記中間層が、ガラス転移温度が10℃以下である層を含むことが好ましい。中間層のガラス転移温度は以下の手順に従って測定される。中間層を形成するための樹脂組成物または中間層そのものを材料として混練し、プレス成型機でプレス成型して、平均厚さが0.35mmの試験片を得る。得られた試験片を、25℃及び相対湿度30%の条件で12時間放置する。12時間放置した後に、TA INSTRUMENTS社製のARES-G2を用いて、粘弾性を測定する。その際、治具として、直径8mmのパラレルプレートを用いる。3℃/分の降温速度で100℃から-10℃まで温度を低下させる条件、及び周波数1Hz及び歪1%の条件で測定を行い、得られた測定結果において、損失正接のピーク温度をガラス転移温度Tg(℃)とする。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る熱可塑性樹脂膜を用いたガラス板含有積層体の一例を示す断面図である。
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB(1))(ポリビニルアルコールの重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)69モル%)
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB(2))(ポリビニルアルコールの重合度3000、水酸基の含有率23モル%、アセチル化度12モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)65モル%)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
カーボンブラック顔料(CASNo.1333-86-4)
銅フタロシアニン顔料(1)(CASNo.147-14-8)(極大吸収波長600nm)
銅フタロシアニン顔料(2)(CASNo.1328-53-6)(極大吸収波長640nm)
キナクリドン顔料(CASNo.3089-17-6)
ペリレン顔料(CASNo.4948-15-6)
インドール顔料(CASNo.5590-18-1)
クロロホルム100重量部に対して、顔料0.002重量部を混合し、クロロホルム溶液を得た。得られたクロロホルム溶液を光路長1.0mmの分光光度計用石英セルへ入れた。自記分光光度計(日立製作所社製「U4100」)を用いて、300~2500nm透過率を測定し、極大吸収波長を求めた。極大吸収波長とは、透過率が極小値を示す波長であって、且つ、該極小値が最小である波長、すなわち最大吸収波長のことを指す。
アントラキノン染料(1)(CASNo.81-42-5)
(ヒンダードアミン光安定剤)
Tinuvin765(BASF社製、N-C(アルキル基)型)
Tinuvin770(BASF社製、N-H(水素基)型)
Tinuvin123(BASF社製、N-O-R(アルコキシ基)型)
混合物(1)(酢酸マグネシウムと2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムとの混合物)
Tinuvin326(BASF社製)
BHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
IRGANOX 1010(BASF社製、フェノール骨格を含む酸化防止剤)
アデカスタブ AO-40(ADEKA社製、フェノール骨格を含む酸化防止剤)(表中「AO-40」)
第1、第3の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xの作製:
PVB(1)100重量部に、3GOを40重量部加え、更に、Tinuvin765と、Tinuvin326と、BHTと、混合物(1)とを得られた樹脂膜全体(全層)で下記の表1に示す含有量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Xを得た。
PVB(1)に、3GOと、カーボンブラック顔料とを下記の表1に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Yを得た。
第1、第3の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xと、中間層を形成するための組成物Yとを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第1の樹脂層/中間層/第3の樹脂層の積層構造を有する樹脂膜(厚み760μm、幅100cm)を作製した。その際、断面形状が楔形状であり、樹脂膜の一方の端部から他方の端部に向けて厚みが減少し、且つ、幅方向に20cmの長さである中間層が、第1、第3の樹脂層の間に埋め込まれた形状となるようにし、且つ、中間層の最大厚みが380μmになるようにした。
得られた樹脂膜を、縦15cm×横15cmに切り出した。その際、中間層の最も厚い部位が得られる合わせガラスの端部に位置し、且つ、該端部から反対側の端部に向かって中間層の厚みが減少するように切り出した。次に、JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラス(縦15cm×横15cm×厚み2mm、可視光線透過率85%)の間に樹脂膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、合わせガラスを得た。
組成物の配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表1,2に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
第1、第3、第5の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xの作製:
PVB(1)100重量部に、3GOを40重量部加え、更に、Tinuvin765と、Tinuvin326と、BHTと、混合物(1)とを得られた樹脂膜全体(全層)で下記の表3に示す含有量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Xを得た。
PVB(1)に、3GOと、カーボンブラック顔料とを下記の表3に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Yを得た。
PVB(2)に、3GOを下記の表3に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Zを得た。
第1、第3、第5の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xと、中間層を形成するための組成物Yと、遮音層を形成するための組成物Zとを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第1の樹脂層/中間層/第3の樹脂層/遮音層/第5の樹脂層の積層構造を有する樹脂膜(厚み760μm、幅100cm)を作製した。その際、断面形状が楔形状であり、樹脂膜の一方の端部から他方の端部に向けて厚みが減少し、且つ、幅方向に20cmの長さである中間層が、第1、第3の樹脂層の間に埋め込まれた形状となるようにし、且つ、中間層の最大厚みが160μmになるようにした。更に、遮音層の断面形状が矩形状であり、且つ、厚みが100μmとなるように、第5の樹脂層の断面形状が矩形状であり、且つ、厚みが160μmとなるようにした。
実施例1と同様の方法により、合わせガラスを作製した。
組成物の配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表3,4に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
第1、第3の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xの作製:
PVB(1)100重量部に、3GOを40重量部加え、更に、Tinuvin765と、Tinuvin326と、BHTと、混合物(1)とを得られた樹脂膜全体(全層)で下記の表5に示す含有量となるように添加した。さらに、また、カーボンブラック顔料を得られる第1、第3の樹脂層中で下記の表5に示す含有量となるように添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Xを得た。
PVB(2)に、3GOを下記の表5に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Yを得た。
第1、第3の樹脂層を形成するための組成物Xと、遮音層(中間層)を形成するための組成物Yとを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第1の樹脂層/遮音層/第3の樹脂層の積層構造を有する樹脂膜(厚み800μm、幅100cm)を作製した。その際、第1の樹脂層、遮音層及び第3の樹脂層の全てが、断面形状が矩形状となるようにした。また、第1の樹脂層及び第3の樹脂層の厚みが350μm、遮音層の厚みが100μmとなるようにした。
得られた樹脂膜を、縦15cm×横15cmに切り出した。次に、JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラス(縦15cm×横15cm×厚み2mm、可視光線透過率85%)の間に樹脂膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、合わせガラスを得た。
組成物の配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表5,6に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例27と同様にして、樹脂膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
(1)ヘーズ値の測定
ヘーズメーター(東京電色社製「TC-HIIIDPK」)を用いて、JIS K6714に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスのヘーズ値を測定した。なお、実施例1~26及び比較例1~2で得られた合わせガラスに関しては、得られた合わせガラスの中間層の最も厚い部位でのヘーズ値を測定した。
JIS R3106:1998に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの中間層の最も厚い部位における全光線透過率(TvD)を測定した。分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、透過した光線をすべて積分球に受光するよう積分球の開口部に、得られた合わせガラスを平行にかつ密着させ、分光透過率を測定した。得られた上記分光透過率から算出した可視光線透過率を、全光線透過率とした。なお、実施例1~26及び比較例1~2で得られた合わせガラスに関しては、得られた合わせガラスの中間層の最も厚い部位での全光線透過率を測定した。
実施例27,28、参考例29,30、実施例31~40及び比較例3で得られた縦15cm×横15cmの合わせガラスに対して、合わせガラスのどちらかの面を光源側とし、光源から230mmの距離に合わせガラスを設置した。さらに、合わせガラスの四辺のうち二辺が光に曝されるように、残る二辺が固定枠で光から隠れるように設置した。スガ試験機社製「H75」を用いて、ブラックパネル温度50℃、照射強度70W/m2(波長300nmから400nm)に設定し、ブラックパネル温度50℃にて、光を1000時間照射した。目視観察により色むらを以下の基準で判定した。なお、図3に、色むらが発生した合わせガラスを示した。
○:光に曝された二辺の縁部と、縁部の内側の縁部から5mm~25mmの範囲とで色調が同じであり、色むらが発生していない
×:光に曝された二辺の縁部と、縁部の内側の縁部から5mm~25mmの範囲とで色調が異なり、色むらが発生している
また、光照射前の合わせガラスと、光照射後の合わせガラスとについて、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS K 8781-4:2013に準拠して、放置前後における色調変化を色差ΔEで求めた。なお測定は合わせガラスの中央部とした。色差ΔEから変色を以下の基準で判定した。
○:ΔEが3以下
△:ΔEが3を超え、10以下
×:ΔEが10を超える
熱可塑性樹脂膜から二酸化炭素による超臨界抽出や有機溶媒によるソックスレー抽出などをした後、抽出後の熱可塑性樹脂膜を熱分解GC、MALDI-TOF-MS、TOF-SIMS、LC-MS、GC―MS、TEM-EDS、NMRで分析した。また、上記ソックスレー抽出後の熱可塑性樹脂膜を溶媒にて溶解し、再沈殿法などで熱可塑性樹脂のみを取り出した後、沈殿に用いた溶媒を留去して得られた着色成分をXRD、NMR、MALDI-TOF-MS、TOF-SIMS、LC-MS、GC―MS、IR法、UV-Visスペクトル測定などを用いて同定した。顔料が複数存在する場合は、HPLCやGPCなどで分取した。同定後、定量方法として、HPLCのピーク面積を用いて検量線を作成し同定する方法や、UV-Visスペクトルを用いて検量線を作成する方法を使用した。
2…樹脂膜
2a…第1の表面
2b…第2の表面
11…ガラス板含有積層体(合わせガラス)
12…樹脂膜
13…第1の層(第1の表面層)
14…第2の層(中間層)
15…第3の層(第2の表面層)
13a…外側の表面
15a…外側の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材(第1のガラス板)
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
Claims (18)
- 熱可塑性樹脂と、顔料と、ヒンダードアミン光安定剤と、可塑剤とを含み、
前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂又はアイオノマー樹脂であり、
熱可塑性樹脂膜100重量%中、前記顔料の含有量が0.01重量%以上0.4重量%以下であるか、又は、熱可塑性樹脂膜が多層である場合、前記顔料を含む層100重量%中、前記顔料の含有量が0.01重量%以上0.4重量%以下であり、
熱可塑性樹脂膜中の前記熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対して、熱可塑性樹脂膜中の前記可塑剤の含有量が25重量部以上である、熱可塑性樹脂膜。 - 前記顔料として、フタロシアニン化合物、キナクリドン化合物、アゾ化合物、ペンタフェン化合物、ジオキサジン化合物、ペリレン化合物、インドール化合物又はカーボンブラックを含む、請求項1に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、フタロシアニン化合物を含む、請求項2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記フタロシアニン化合物の極大吸収波長が500nm以上740nm以下である、請求項3に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、キナクリドン化合物、ペリレン化合物又はインドール化合物を含む、請求項2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、カーボンブラックを含む、請求項2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラスの間に熱可塑性樹脂膜を挟み込んでガラス板含有積層体を得たときに、得られたガラス板含有積層体のヘーズ値が5%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 第1の表面層と、
第2の表面層とを備える、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。 - 前記第1の表面層と前記第2の表面層との間に、中間層を備える、請求項8に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記中間層が、前記顔料を含む、請求項9に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記中間層が、前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含み、
前記第1の表面層が、前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含まないか又は含み、
前記第1の表面層が、前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含む場合に、前記中間層100重量%中の前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤の含有量が、前記第1の表面層100重量%中の前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤の含有量よりも多く、
前記第2の表面層が、前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含まないか又は含み、
前記第2の表面層が、前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤を含む場合に、前記中間層100重量%中の前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤の含有量が、前記第2の表面層100重量%中の前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤の含有量よりも多い、請求項9に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。 - 前記ヒンダードアミン光安定剤が、ピペリジン構造の窒素原子にアルキル基又はアルコキシ基が結合しているヒンダードアミン光安定剤である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- ガラス板に貼り合わされて用いられる熱可塑性樹脂膜である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 第1のガラス板と、
請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜とを備え、
前記第1のガラス板に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされている、ガラス板含有積層体。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材として前記第1のガラス板と、
前記熱可塑性樹脂膜と、
第2の合わせガラス部材とを備え、
前記第1のガラス板に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされており、
前記第2の合わせガラス部材に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされており、
前記第1のガラス板と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が配置されている、請求項14に記載のガラス板含有積層体。 - 自動車用サイドガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
- 自動車用リアガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
- 自動車用ルーフガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
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