JPWO2012063786A1 - Cu基焼結含油軸受 - Google Patents
Cu基焼結含油軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910017888 Cu—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002549 Fe–Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102200082816 rs34868397 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052634 enstatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].O[Si](O)=O BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001330 spinodal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1084—Alloys containing non-metals by mechanical alloying (blending, milling)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
- F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
- F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
- F16C2202/10—Porosity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/09—Windscreen wipers, e.g. pivots therefore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
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- F16C2380/27—Motor coupled with a gear, e.g. worm gears
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Niは、Pと合金相を形成し、耐摩耗性向上や摩擦係数を低減させる作用がある。また、NiはCu、Sn、Pと素地の固溶体を形成し、軸受の強度を向上させ、時効硬化によりさらに軸受の強度を向上させることもでき、もって軸受の耐摩耗性向上に寄与する。
Snは、Cu、Ni、Pと素地の固溶体を形成し、軸受の強度を向上させ、時効硬化によりさらに軸受の強度を向上させることもでき、もって軸受の耐摩耗性向上に寄与する。Snの含有量が3%未満では所望の効果が得られず、一方その含有量が15%をこえても強度向上に効果がなく、かえって寸法精度が低下するので好ましくない。
Pは、Niと合金相を形成し、耐摩耗性向上や摩擦係数を低減させる作用がある。P含有量が0.5%未満では所望の効果が得られず、一方その添加量4.0%を超えても所望の効果向上が無く、かえって原料コストが高くなるので好ましくない。
固体潤滑剤は、軸受に優れた潤滑性を付与し、軸受の耐摩耗性の向上に寄与する。固体潤滑剤として、黒鉛、フッ化黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、窒化ホウ素、フッ化カルシウム、タルク(Mg3Si4O10(OH)2)のうち少なくとも1種類以上を含有する。なお、タルクは焼結後にエンスタタイト(MgSiO3)となる。
Cu−Ni−Sn合金粉末に、Ni−P合金粉末又はCu−P合金粉末のいずれか一方、或いはNi−P合金粉末とCu−P合金粉末の両方を添加し、720〜900℃範囲内の温度で焼結することにより、素地中にNiとPを主成分とした相が分散した金属組織を有するCu基焼結含油軸受が得られる。この金属組織は、素地の部分よりも硬度が高く、軸受の耐摩耗性に寄与する。
原料粉末として、粒径−100メッシュ以下のCu−Ni−Sn合金粉末(Ni及びSnの含有割合は表1に表示)、粒径−200メッシュのCu−8質量%P合金粉末、粒径−350メッシュのNi−11質量%P合金粉末、粒径200メッシュのSn粉末、及び平均粒径20μmの黒鉛粉末等の固体潤滑剤を用意した。これらの原料粉末を表2及び表3に示される成分組成となるように配合し、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.5%加えてV型混合機で20分間混合し、200〜700MPaの範囲内の所定の圧力でプレス成形してリング形状の圧粉体を製作した。この圧粉体を、天然ガスと空気を混合し、加熱した触媒に通すことで分解変成させたエンドサーミックガス(吸熱型ガス)雰囲気中で、720〜900℃範囲内の所定の温度で焼結し、続いてサイジングを行い、Cu基焼結合金を得た。なお、得られたCu基焼結合金のうちのいくつかについては、続いて350℃×1時間の条件で時効処理を行った。そして、Cu基焼結合金中に潤滑油を含浸せしめた。以上の工程により、いずれも外径:18mm×内径:8mm×高さ:4mmの寸法のリング形状を有し、表2及び表3に示される組成成分のCu基焼結含油軸受を製作した。
得られた上記のリング形状のCu基焼結含油軸受(以下、リング状軸受という。)について耐摩耗試験を行った。それぞれのリング状軸受にS45Cのシャフトを挿入した。そして、リング状軸受の外側から、リング状軸受の半径方向(シャフトの軸方向に対して直角方向)に向けて面圧1.5MPaの荷重をかけながら、シャフトを100m/分で1,000時間回転させた。その後、リング状軸受の摺動面の最大摩耗深さとS45Cシャフトの摺動面の最大摩耗深さを測定し、耐摩耗性を評価した。
上記の方法で製作された本発明例のリング状軸受の断面について、電子線マイクロアナライザー(EPMA)を用いて、Sn、Ni、P、Cuの分布について分析を行った。分析条件は、加速電圧15kVに設定した。その結果を図1〜3に示した。図1は、原料粉末にCu−Ni−Sn粉末、Cu−P粉末、黒鉛粉末を用いたときの断面組織、図2は、原料粉末にNi−P粉末を用いた本発明例20の断面組織、図3は、原料粉末にCu−Pを用いた本発明例4の断面組織である。図4は、原料粉末にCu−P粉末を用い、図3の場合と比較してPの含有量のみを減少させたときの断面組織である。図中、「SEI」と示したのは二次電子像、「COMPO」と示したのは反射電子組成像である。原料粉末にCu−P粉末を用いた場合、Ni−P粉末を用いた場合のいずれにおいても、素地中にNiとPを主成分とした相が分散した金属組織が存在することが確認された。なお、図4に示すように、Pが0%の場合には、上記金属組織は確認されなかった。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、5〜40%のNiと、3〜15%のSnと、0.5〜4.0%のPとを含有し、或いはさらに0.3〜5%の固体潤滑剤を含有し、残部がCu及び不可避不純物からなるとともに、素地中にNiとPを主成分とした相が分散した金属組織を有し、かつ、5〜25%の気孔率を有することを特徴とするCu基焼結含油軸受。
- 前記固体潤滑剤は、黒鉛、フッ化黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、窒化ホウ素、フッ化カルシウム、タルクのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のCu基焼結含油軸受。
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KR101989837B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-07 | 2019-06-17 | 엔티엔 가부시키가이샤 | 소결 베어링 |
DE102013208497A1 (de) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Kupferlegierung, Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung, Lager mit einer Kupferlegierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagers aus einer Kupferlegierung |
WO2015025576A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-02-26 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関用電動式空気流量制御装置 |
CN103602851B (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-10-28 | 浙江八达铜业有限公司 | 铜合金及其制造方法 |
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JP2018016844A (ja) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-01 | オイレス工業株式会社 | 複層焼結板及びそれを用いた複層摺動部材並びに複層焼結板の製造方法 |
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CN107419123A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-12-01 | 常州金艺广告传媒有限公司 | 一种铜基石墨自润滑材料的制备方法 |
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KR20180084151A (ko) | 2018-07-24 |
EP2639321B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
JP6119830B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
BR112013011273B1 (pt) | 2019-05-14 |
US20130223774A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
EP2639321A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
JP6121164B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
CN103201397A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
EP2639321A4 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
US9476453B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
BR112013011273A8 (pt) | 2019-04-09 |
CN103201397B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
JP2016056453A (ja) | 2016-04-21 |
WO2012063786A1 (ja) | 2012-05-18 |
BR112013011273A2 (pt) | 2016-11-01 |
KR20130122945A (ko) | 2013-11-11 |
MY162965A (en) | 2017-07-31 |
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