WO2015025576A1 - 内燃機関用電動式空気流量制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関用電動式空気流量制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015025576A1 WO2015025576A1 PCT/JP2014/063767 JP2014063767W WO2015025576A1 WO 2015025576 A1 WO2015025576 A1 WO 2015025576A1 JP 2014063767 W JP2014063767 W JP 2014063767W WO 2015025576 A1 WO2015025576 A1 WO 2015025576A1
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- bearing
- internal combustion
- air flow
- crushing strength
- motor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
- F02D9/1035—Details of the valve housing
- F02D9/106—Sealing of the valve shaft in the housing, e.g. details of the bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/221—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves specially adapted operating means therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/167—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
- H02K5/1672—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/02—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of piston rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0483—Alloys based on the low melting point metals Zn, Pb, Sn, Cd, In or Ga
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
- F02D2011/101—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the means for actuating the throttles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric air flow control device that is disposed in an intake air passage of an internal combustion engine and suitably controls the amount of intake air supplied to the internal combustion engine.
- the electric air amount control device is constituted by a motor or the like that controls rotation of a gear mechanism integrated with one end of an air flow control valve (throttle valve) shaft that receives a reaction force of a spring at a required gear ratio.
- the air flow control valve is generally characterized by a butterfly valve structure that controls opening and closing in a circular passage, and is repeatedly opened and closed at a maximum rotational operation angle of about 90 °.
- the rotational operation angle of the throttle valve is about 90 °, and the rotation of the motor that gives the driving force is 4
- the degree of rotation is general, and it is not continuously rotated at a high speed unlike a normal motor.
- the drive motor is only subjected to a slight forward / reverse rotation control that is almost close to a stop state, although it involves a slight opening / closing control of the throttle valve corresponding to the accelerator operation. It is. (The balance force to maintain the throttle valve opening to ensure the target operating state depends on the motor, but compared to the motor for general industrial equipment, there is no continuous continuous rotation operation.)
- the load environment of the motor that is the drive source of these electric air flow control devices mounted on the internal combustion engine, the rotation speed of the motor itself, the low temperature environment considering the continuous running state from the state left in the cold region
- rolling bearings represented by balls and needles and a cylindrical slide bearing structure for maintaining and maintaining the stable operation of the motor rotor.
- the driving state of the in-vehicle motor can be broadly divided into the continuous high-speed rotation operation specification that drives the cooling water circulation pump, cooling fan, air conditioning fan, etc., and various related equipment control (for example, for electric brake control, electric type There are two types of operation specifications with almost no continuation of continuous rotation of the air flow rate control device.
- the positional relationship between the motor rotation shaft and the bearing only changes within a very limited narrow range.
- a rolling bearing such as a ball or needle
- the rotation of the ball or the needle itself cannot be expected, and the rolling The member and the inner and outer ring raceway surfaces are in a point or line contact state at substantially the same position. If a high vibration load environment peculiar to an internal combustion engine (vehicle) is applied in such a state, a high stress (surface pressure) is generated at the minimal contact portion between the rolling member and the inner and outer ring raceway surfaces, and the rolling member or raceway surface As a result, a damage defect is induced.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2 Non-Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 1 Various proposals (non- Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 1) have been made.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that the material of the sintered oil-impregnated bearing includes Cu—Sn, Cu—Sn—C, Cu—Sn—Ni, Cu—Sn—C—P, and Cu—Sn—MoS 2.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a Cu-Sn-MoS2-based HZ18 material as an electronically controlled throttle bearing, providing solid lubricating performance by adding molybdenum disulfide, and lubricating oil to be impregnated.
- PTFE as a fluorine-based and lubricant thickener, it is possible to provide bearings with excellent quietness and wear resistance even in high-temperature environments of 150 ° C.
- a comparison of wear amount characteristics under evaluation conditions of a speed of 3000 r / min, a radial load of 9.8 N, and an atmospheric temperature of 160 ° C. is disclosed, and the wear amount after about 450 hours has been reduced to 1/3.
- Non-Patent Document 3 proposes Cu—Sn, Cu—Sn—C, Cu—Sn—Ni—C, etc. as copper alloy bearing materials.
- 2 to 6% by mass of the metal matrix is Ni
- 7 to 13% is Sn
- the remainder is Cu
- An excellent sliding material is made by impregnating perfluoropolyether as a lubricating oil into the pores of a porous sintered body made of impurities, in which a Ni—Sn—Cu alloy phase of 20 to 100 ⁇ m is dispersed in a Cu—Sn alloy matrix. It is introduced that dynamic characteristics can be realized.
- NTN oil-impregnated bearing handbook CAT. No. 9015-II / J NTN Special Alloy Co., Ltd.
- Website Information Product Introduction “Electronic Control Throttle Bearing” Sintered alloy Nikkaloy material specification partial catalog: Hitachi Powdered Metals, August 2005 edition
- In-vehicle motors especially motors for electric air flow control devices mounted in the vicinity of an internal combustion engine, are usually applied with a high vibration load specific to the internal combustion engine as well as the temperature environment. It is well known that the vibration environment in a diesel internal combustion engine is more severe. In order to continue the stable rotation of the motor, it is essential to design a stable and highly reliable bearing structure, and seizure resistance and wear resistance are important as performances imposed on the shaft and the bearing. As proposed in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Patent Document 1, anti-seizure resistance is supported by copper alloy material design and impregnated lubricant design for general iron shaft materials. There are many cases.
- Non-Patent Document 2 and the wear amount comparison described in Patent Document 1 are general rotary sliding wear evaluations.
- the inner peripheral surface is pressed with a required radial load, and the wear dimensions, wear volume, weight, etc. after the required time are compared.
- the rotor of the motor for the electric air flow control device requires a balancing operation corresponding to load fluctuations such as the rotational torque of the spring member added to the air flow control valve shaft and the fluid force applied to the air flow control valve. And is transmitted to the bearing as a relatively static load fluctuation through the rotor shaft.
- load fluctuations such as the rotational torque of the spring member added to the air flow control valve shaft and the fluid force applied to the air flow control valve.
- load fluctuations such as the rotational torque of the spring member added to the air flow control valve shaft and the fluid force applied to the air flow control valve. And is transmitted to the bearing as a relatively static load fluctuation through the rotor shaft.
- bearings that support the rotor shaft the general rotational sliding wear characteristics (bearing strength against static radial loads) alone It is insufficient, and it is important to improve the wear resistance against the knocking phenomenon between the rotor shaft and the
- vibration acceleration 245m / s 2 in the gasoline internal combustion engine is a required value of a general vibration environment, it can withstand a beating phenomenon due to the vibration acceleration 343 m / s 2 levels in diesel engine motor
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric air flow rate control device including
- the present invention provides a mechanical property of the bearing material as well as material strength. It defines the index value of ductility focusing on the brittleness of steel.
- the present invention relates the relationship between the crushing strength and the compressive deformation rate (particularly, the deformation rate until crack initiation) of a cylindrical sintered metal bearing employed as a motor rotor shaft bearing for an electric air flow control device. It is characterized in that each is defined above the required value.
- An electric air flow control device is a copper alloy-based cylindrical slide bearing for supporting a rotor shaft of a motor, which is a rotational drive source of a throttle valve that is disposed in an intake air passage and directly controls an intake air amount.
- a rotational drive source of a throttle valve that is disposed in an intake air passage and directly controls an intake air amount.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an electric air flow control device showing an embodiment of the invention. It is a disassembled side view which shows engagement operation
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a comparison between a crushing strength-compression deformation characteristic obtained at the time of compression evaluation of a cylindrical solid bearing material. It is the explanatory photograph which showed the crack generation situation seen at the time of compression evaluation. It is explanatory drawing which showed the superiority / inferiority determination in the abrasion resistance evaluation of a cylindrical solid bearing material on the crushing strength and compression deformation rate matrix.
- FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view showing an embodiment of an electric air flow control device according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an exploded side view as seen from various drive gears.
- an intake air passage 2 and a motor housing portion 4 for housing the motor 3 are integrally formed in a body 1 that is often made of aluminum die casting.
- a throttle valve shaft 5 passing through the passage is supported by bearing structures 6a and 6b for stably maintaining the rotational operation of the throttle valve shaft 5 (in this embodiment, a needle
- a rolling bearing having a structure is shown, it may be a rolling bearing having a ball structure or a plain cylindrical sliding bearing.
- a throttle valve 7 for optimizing control of the amount of intake air to the internal combustion engine is integrated with a portion corresponding to the intake air passage 2 of the throttle valve shaft 5 by fastening screws 8.
- the integrally formed metal plate 9 a of the throttle valve gear 9 is integrally fastened to the step portion 5 a of the throttle valve shaft 5 by a nut 10.
- the throttle valve gear 9 meshes with a small-diameter gear portion 13 a of an intermediate gear 13 that is rotatably arranged with respect to the intermediate shaft 12 that is press-fitted and fixed in the hole portion 11 of the body 1.
- the motor 3, which is a drive source for controlling the opening and closing of the throttle valve 7, includes a rotor 14a integrated with the rotor shaft 14, a magnet 15, a front bearing 16 for stably supporting the rotor shaft 14, a rear bearing 17, It is composed of a case member 18 or the like that fixes and supports various components, and is housed and fixed in the motor housing portion 4 by fastening a motor fixing screw 19.
- a small-diameter drive gear 20 is integrated with one end of the rotor shaft 14 of the motor 3 and meshes with the large-diameter gear portion 13 b of the intermediate gear 13.
- the rotational operation of the motor 3 that is controlled as required is a two-stage configuration constituted by meshing of the drive gear 20 and the large-diameter gear portion 13b of the intermediate gear 13 and the small-diameter gear portion 13a of the gear 13 and the throttle valve gear 9. This is transmitted via the reduction gear mechanism, and the intake air passage 2 of the final throttle valve 7 is opened and closed.
- a torsion spring 21 is clamped and fixed in a space between the rear face of the throttle valve gear 9 and the body 1, and each end of the torsion spring 21 is latched and supported on the body 1 side and the throttle valve gear 9 side.
- a preload in the rotational direction acts on the throttle valve shaft 5 with respect to the body 1.
- an air flow control device is integrated with an air supply pipe in a collection portion of an air supply pipe branched into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and exposed to a high temperature and high vibration environment peculiar to the internal combustion engine.
- the motor body is directly fastened and fixed to the air supply pipe. Even more severe vibration environment conditions.
- the front bearing 16 is a rolling bearing composed of inner and outer rings and steel balls
- the rear bearing 17 is a simple cylindrical sliding bearing.
- the loads received by these bearings include a general rotational sliding load with the motor 3 rotor shaft 14 and a collision with the rotor shaft 14 caused by propagation of the vibration environment received by the air flow control device from the internal combustion engine side. ) Broadly divided into loads.
- the improvement in the bearing strength that supports the rotor shaft 14 of the motor 3 is the key. It is important to improve the wear resistance of the simple cylindrical slide bearing shown in FIG. In particular, the design for improving the wear resistance against the knocking load caused by the vibration environment of the internal combustion engine greatly affects the merchantability.
- the impregnation design that is, the characteristics of the sintered metal, that is, the pores, even if the base material strength of the sintered metal is the same for a general rotational sliding load environment. It is possible to improve the lubrication performance and to improve the wear resistance by optimizing the design of the oil to be impregnated (see FIG. 3). However, the design of the impregnating oil to improve the erosion resistance due to the impact load has almost no effect, and it is essential to improve the base material strength of the sintered metal itself.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of evaluation of general rotational sliding wear characteristics of Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ni two materials.
- Bearing load and specific wear amount (wear volume when sliding unit distance) ratio (specific wear) The relationship of the specific wear amount at the time of evaluation of the minimum bearing load of the Cu—Sn material shown by the quantity characteristic 31 is shown as a ratio).
- the Cu-Sn-Ni specific wear amount characteristic 32 shown by a broken line in consideration of optimization of the alloy component is compared with the one-dot chain line Cu-Sn specific wear amount characteristic 31, and the wear amount is suppressed to a higher PV value range. It is possible to realize excellent characteristics. Furthermore, by optimizing the lubricating oil impregnated in the pores peculiar to the sintered metal, it is possible to realize the specific wear amount characteristic 23 shown by a solid line even with the same alloy design material.
- Table 2 compares the specific wear amount ratio when the PV value is 4.0 in FIG. 3 as the maximum bearing load environment when an arbitrary internal combustion engine is mounted.
- the wear amount of the Cu-Sn-Ni material is reduced to about 27% with respect to the wear amount of the Cu-Sn material, and the wear amount of the same material considering the optimization of the impregnating oil is reduced to about 17%. It is possible.
- Table 3 compares the PV value, which is the bearing load when the specific wear amount ratio reaches 3.0 in FIG.
- the Cu-Sn-based material can handle a high bearing load of 1.85 times as much as the Cu-Sn-Ni-based material, and the same material considering optimization of the impregnating oil can be as large as 2.72 times.
- Table 2 The characteristics shown in FIG. 3, Table 2, and Table 3 are a comparison of specific wear amounts obtained by rotational sliding evaluation under a static pressure load environment.
- Many products mounted on the internal combustion engine are applied with a variable load due to vibrations of the internal combustion engine itself, and the electric air flow control device of the present invention is no exception.
- a shocking impact load due to vibration is applied during rotational sliding operation, and it is important to improve the proof stress in a complex environment that takes into account the impact resistance against general rotational sliding. It is.
- Table 4 shows a comparison of the amount of wear on the inner peripheral surface of the bearing obtained by forward / reverse rotation sliding evaluation in a vibration environment using an actual machine.
- the vibration condition is a specification presented by an arbitrary customer.
- This durability specification includes two types, a combined evaluation of sine wave excitation and vibration acceleration close to actual driving conditions, and random wave excitation, which covers both the specification environment of gasoline engines and diesel engines from the viewpoint of sharing parts. Compare the results of.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged photograph of the vicinity of the inner peripheral portion corresponding to the rotation axis after the evaluation of each of the Cu—Sn-based material and FIG. 5 after the evaluation of each of the Cu—Sn—Ni-based materials. What should be noted is not only the size of the inner diameter portion 41 of the Cu—Sn-based material shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the Cu—Sn based material is It can be said that it is a material that clearly exhibits brittleness (brittleness) with poor ductility.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of evaluation of the crushing strength characteristics.
- the vertical axis shows the crushing strength calculated from the cylindrical compression load
- the horizontal axis shows the compression deformation rate when the already defined compression load is applied.
- characteristic examples 61 and 62 are Cu—Sn based materials
- characteristic examples 63 to 66 are Cu—Sn—Ni based materials. All of the characteristics have the same tendency as the general compressive strength characteristics of metals in which the amount of deformation in the compression direction increases as the crushing strength (load applied in the compression direction) increases.
- the vertical cylinder crushing strength corresponds to a material strength index value for judging a general rotational sliding wear characteristic of the design material.
- the compressive deformation rate on the horizontal axis corresponds to a ductility index value for determining a yield strength against a knocking load caused by a dynamic load fluctuation such as vibration.
- Exceptional wear resistance and chipping resistance are obtained in the characteristic example 63 material without expanding the inner diameter size and dropping off the corners.
- the crushing strength is improved with the same material series as the characteristic example 61 (the maximum crushing strength value 62a is equal to the maximum value 63a of the characteristic example 63).
- the evaluation is performed in consideration of the striking load, the excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance seen in the material of characteristic example 63 are not improved.
- the characteristic example 62 of the Cu—Sn material shown in FIG. 6 has the same component design as that of the characteristic example 61, but the design value of the sintered density is in the relationship of characteristic example 61 ⁇ characteristic example 62.
- the characteristic examples 64 to 66 of the Cu—Sn—Ni-based material have the same component design as the characteristic example 63, but the design value of the sintered density is characteristic example 63 ⁇ characteristic example 64 ⁇ characteristic example 65 ⁇ .
- the characteristic example 66 is related.
- FIG. 6 Typical rotational sliding wear resistance characteristics when static load is applied to the samples of the pressure ring strength characteristics examples 61 to 66, and tapping wear characteristics when dynamic load is applied in an excitation environment.
- Table 5 shows the four types of determination symbols marked with ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , which are organized by crushing strength and compression deformation rate.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the maximum value of the crushing strength of each sample shown in Table 5, the compression deformation rate of the maximum value, and the overall judgment symbol.
- the ⁇ mark material which is an acceptable determination, exists in the high pressure ring strength and high compression deformation rate region.
- the wear resistance is insufficient for general rotational sliding under static load, and the wear resistance against dynamic load such as vibration is extremely inferior. There is a low compression deformation rate.
- stamping material satisfies the wear resistance against general rotational sliding under static load.
- the wear resistance against dynamic load such as vibration
- the damage situation is extremely inferior, as in the case of the comprehensive judgment ⁇ stamp material, and the adoption is not preferable.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
Abstract
Description
内燃機関に搭載されるこれらの電動式空気流量制御装置の駆動源であるモータの負荷環境を考えると、モータ自体の回転速度、寒冷地での放置状態から連続走行状態を考慮した低高温環境とともに、内燃機関、走行路面等から伝達される振動環境が存在する。モータ回転子の軸部両端近傍には、モータ回転子の安定動作を維持継続するためのボール、ニードルに代表される転がり軸受や円筒形状のすべり軸受構造が存在している。
(比摩耗量特性31で示したCu-Sn系材質の最低軸受負荷評価時の比摩耗量を1.0として比率表示)の関係を示す。一点鎖線のCu-Sn系比摩耗量特性31に対して、合金成分の最適化を考慮した破線で示すCu-Sn-Ni系比摩耗量特性32は、より高PV値域まで摩耗量が抑制された良好な特性の実現が可能となる。さらに、焼結金属特有の空孔に含浸させる潤滑油の最適化によっては、同一合金設計材質であってもさらに優れた実線で示す比摩耗量特性23の実現も可能である。
Cu-Sn系材質に対して、Cu-Sn-Ni系材質は1.85倍、さらに、含浸油最適化考慮の同材質は2.72倍の高軸受負荷対応が可能である。
図4に、Cu-Sn系材質、図5に、Cu-Sn-Ni系材質各々の評価終了後の回転軸と対応する内周部近傍の拡大写真を示す。着目すべきは、図4に示すCu-Sn系材質の内径部41の寸法拡大とともに、内径角部42のほぼ全周に見られる欠けである。図5に示すCu-Sn-Ni系材質の同角部52への欠け発生は皆無であり、耐たたき摩耗性に優れたCu-Sn-Ni系材質に比較し、Cu-Sn系材質は、明らかに延性の劣った脆さ(脆性)を露呈した材質であると言える。
各々の特性例61~66の圧環強さ最大値61a~66aに着目すると、縦軸圧環強さは、設計材質の一般的な回転摺動摩耗特性を判断するための材料強度指標値に相当し、横軸の圧縮変形率は、振動等動的な荷重変動に起因するたたき負荷に対する耐力を判断するための延性指標値に相当する。
採用可能判定である○印材は、高圧環強さ、高圧縮変形率領域に存在している。一方、静的荷重負荷の一般的な回転摺動に対して耐摩耗性が不足し、振動等動的荷重負荷の耐たたき摩耗性に対しても著しく劣る採用不可判定△印材は、低圧環強さ、低圧縮変形率存在している。
また、採用可能総合判定○印材の最も低い圧環強さと同等の圧環強さを有するが、圧縮変形率が小さい□印材については、静的荷重負荷の一般的な回転摺動に対する耐摩耗性は満足するものの、振動等動的荷重負荷の耐たたき摩耗性については、総合判定△印材と同様に著しく劣った損傷状況であり、採用は好ましくない。
2 吸入空気通路
3 モータ
4 モータハウジング
5 絞り弁軸
6a、6b 軸受構造
7 絞り弁
8 ねじ
9 絞り弁ギア
9a 金属板
10 ナット
11 穴部
12 中間軸
13 中間ギア
13a 小径ギア部
13b 大径ギア部
14 回転子軸
14a 回転子
15 マグネット
16 フロント軸受
17 リア軸受
18 ケース部材
19 モータ固定ねじ
20 駆動ギア
21 ねじりばね
31~33 比摩耗量特性
41 内径部
42、52 内径角部
61~66 圧環強さ特性例
61a~66a 圧環強さ最大値
61b~66b 圧環強さ変曲点
71a、71b 外周部発生き裂
72a、72b 内周部発生き裂
71、72 圧環強さ密度依存特性例
Claims (2)
- 内燃機関に供給される吸入空気量を直接制御する絞り弁機構の回転制御駆動源であるモータの回転子軸支持用軸受の少なくても一方が、焼結金属製円筒形状であり、当該軸受実体での圧縮強度評価で把握される圧環強さと圧縮変形率の関係において、圧環強さの最大値が230N/mm2以上であり、圧環強さ最大値に対応した圧縮変形率が3.5%以上の機械的性質を有することを特徴としたモータ回転子軸用軸受を構成してなる内燃機関用電動式空気流量制御装置。
- 請求項1に記載の焼結金属製軸受材質の成分が少なくともCu、Sn、Niの配合からなる銅合金系であることを特徴とする内燃機関用電動式空気流量制御装置。
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CN201480057543.5A CN105658974A (zh) | 2013-08-20 | 2014-05-26 | 内燃机用电动式空气流量控制装置 |
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