JPS647391B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS647391B2 JPS647391B2 JP57027588A JP2758882A JPS647391B2 JP S647391 B2 JPS647391 B2 JP S647391B2 JP 57027588 A JP57027588 A JP 57027588A JP 2758882 A JP2758882 A JP 2758882A JP S647391 B2 JPS647391 B2 JP S647391B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- row
- liquid crystal
- electrode
- switching element
- pixel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101100328486 Caenorhabditis elegans cni-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/13624—Active matrix addressed cells having more than one switching element per pixel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
- G09G3/3659—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix the addressing of the pixel involving the control of two or more scan electrodes or two or more data electrodes, e.g. pixel voltage dependant on signal of two data electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136259—Repairing; Defects
- G02F1/136263—Line defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0814—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels used for selection purposes, e.g. logical AND for partial update
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0251—Precharge or discharge of pixel before applying new pixel voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/08—Fault-tolerant or redundant circuits, or circuits in which repair of defects is prepared
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027588A JPS58144888A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 行列形液晶表示装置 |
US06/467,799 US4680580A (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-18 | Active matrix-addressed liquid-crystal display device |
GB08304733A GB2115199B (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-21 | Active matrix-addressed liquid crystal display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027588A JPS58144888A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 行列形液晶表示装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS58144888A JPS58144888A (ja) | 1983-08-29 |
JPS647391B2 true JPS647391B2 (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) | 1989-02-08 |
Family
ID=12225105
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027588A Granted JPS58144888A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 行列形液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4680580A (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) |
JP (1) | JPS58144888A (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) |
GB (1) | GB2115199B (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03118777U (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-12-06 |
Families Citing this family (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59116685A (ja) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-07-05 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | 画像表示装置 |
US4651148A (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1987-03-17 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display driving with switching transistors |
KR900005489B1 (ko) * | 1984-04-26 | 1990-07-30 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시기가이샤 | 액정표시장치의 구동회로 |
JPH0785195B2 (ja) * | 1984-05-17 | 1995-09-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | アクテイブマトリツクスパネル |
JPS60244996A (ja) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-12-04 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | アクテイブマトリクス型画像表示装置 |
WO1986002489A1 (fr) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-04-24 | L'ETAT FRANCAIS représenté par LE MINISTRE DES PTT | Procede de fabrication de circuits electroniques a base de transistors en couches minces et de condensateurs |
FR2571913B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-12-26 | Richard Joseph | Ecran d'affichage a matrice active a double transistor d'adressage |
JPH07113819B2 (ja) * | 1984-11-06 | 1995-12-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 表示装置及びその駆動法 |
EP0182645B1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1991-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Active matrix circuit for liquid crystal displays |
JPS61121034A (ja) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-06-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜トランジスタアレイ |
JPH0646345B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-20 | 1994-06-15 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アクテイブマトリクス基板 |
JP2516197B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-23 | 1996-07-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 半導体素子の検査方法 |
JPH0646347B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-19 | 1994-06-15 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アクテイブマトリクス基板 |
JPH0646346B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-19 | 1994-06-15 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アクテイブマトリクス基板 |
NL8502663A (nl) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-16 | Philips Nv | Weergeefinrichting met verbeterde aansturing. |
FR2593632B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-27 | 1988-03-18 | Maurice Francois | Ecran d'affichage a matrice active et procedes de realisation de cet ecran |
US4822142A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-04-18 | Hosiden Electronics Co. Ltd. | Planar display device |
US4820222A (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1989-04-11 | Alphasil, Inc. | Method of manufacturing flat panel backplanes including improved testing and yields thereof and displays made thereby |
DE3806050A1 (de) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-12-01 | Licentia Gmbh | Fluessigkristall-anzeigevorrichtung |
JP2620240B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-10 | 1997-06-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶表示装置 |
GB2206721A (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-11 | Philips Electronic Associated | Active matrix display device |
JPS6437585A (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-08 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Active matrix type display device |
JPS6473324A (en) * | 1987-09-14 | 1989-03-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Display device and its driving method |
US5173687A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1992-12-22 | Seikosha Co., Ltd. | Method for improving the gradational display of an active type liquid crystal display unit |
GB2223618A (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-11 | Philips Electronic Associated | Display devices |
US4968119A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-11-06 | David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. | High-density liquid-crystal active dot-matrix display structure |
GB2227349A (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-25 | Philips Electronic Associated | Display devices |
US5194974A (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1993-03-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Non-flicker liquid crystal display with capacitive charge storage |
NL8902922A (nl) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-06-17 | Philips Nv | Actieve weergeefinrichting. |
US5402254B1 (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1998-09-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display device with tfts in which pixel electrodes are formed in the same plane as the gate electrodes with anodized oxide films before the deposition of silicon |
US5849601A (en) | 1990-12-25 | 1998-12-15 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method for manufacturing the same |
KR950013784B1 (ko) | 1990-11-20 | 1995-11-16 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 겐큐쇼 | 반도체 전계효과 트랜지스터 및 그 제조방법과 박막트랜지스터 |
US7115902B1 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 2006-10-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method for manufacturing the same |
US7154147B1 (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 2006-12-26 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and driving method for the same |
KR950001360B1 (ko) * | 1990-11-26 | 1995-02-17 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 겐큐쇼 | 전기 광학장치와 그 구동방법 |
US8106867B2 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 2012-01-31 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and driving method for the same |
US7576360B2 (en) * | 1990-12-25 | 2009-08-18 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device which comprises thin film transistors and method for manufacturing the same |
US7098479B1 (en) | 1990-12-25 | 2006-08-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method for manufacturing the same |
EP0499979A3 (en) | 1991-02-16 | 1993-06-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device |
US5151632A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-09-29 | General Motors Corporation | Flat panel emissive display with redundant circuit |
JP2794499B2 (ja) | 1991-03-26 | 1998-09-03 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
US5680147A (en) * | 1991-05-20 | 1997-10-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method of driving the same |
US6778231B1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 2004-08-17 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical display device |
US5414442A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1995-05-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method of driving the same |
US6975296B1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 2005-12-13 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method of driving the same |
JP2845303B2 (ja) | 1991-08-23 | 1999-01-13 | 株式会社 半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置とその作製方法 |
JP2651972B2 (ja) | 1992-03-04 | 1997-09-10 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 液晶電気光学装置 |
US6693681B1 (en) | 1992-04-28 | 2004-02-17 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method of driving the same |
JP2814161B2 (ja) | 1992-04-28 | 1998-10-22 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | アクティブマトリクス表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
JPH06317807A (ja) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-11-15 | Sharp Corp | マトリクス表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
US7081938B1 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2006-07-25 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device and method for manufacturing the same |
JPH07302912A (ja) | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-14 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
JP2900229B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1999-06-02 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置およびその作製方法および電気光学装置 |
US5834327A (en) | 1995-03-18 | 1998-11-10 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Method for producing display device |
TW439003B (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2001-06-07 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Display device |
US6800875B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 2004-10-05 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Active matrix electro-luminescent display device with an organic leveling layer |
TW309633B (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-07-01 | Handotai Energy Kenkyusho Kk | |
US6225218B1 (en) | 1995-12-20 | 2001-05-01 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and its manufacturing method |
JP2937129B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-08-23 | 日本電気株式会社 | アクティブマトリクス型液晶表示装置 |
JP3725266B2 (ja) | 1996-11-07 | 2005-12-07 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 配線形成方法 |
US6518945B1 (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2003-02-11 | Aurora Systems, Inc. | Replacing defective circuit elements by column and row shifting in a flat-panel display |
US6475836B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2002-11-05 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2001281635A (ja) | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
US7278730B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2007-10-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Decorative laminated safety glass |
CN110337687A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-10-15 | L3技术公司 | 具有双晶体管像素单元的容错lcd显示器 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3275871A (en) * | 1964-02-17 | 1966-09-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Display apparatus |
US3644784A (en) * | 1970-04-16 | 1972-02-22 | Honeywell Inc | Solid-state indicator displays |
US3862360A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-01-21 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Liquid crystal display system with integrated signal storage circuitry |
US4114070A (en) * | 1977-03-22 | 1978-09-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Display panel with simplified thin film interconnect system |
US4266223A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1981-05-05 | W. H. Brady Co. | Thin panel display |
US4368523A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1983-01-11 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device having redundant pairs of address buses |
-
1982
- 1982-02-23 JP JP57027588A patent/JPS58144888A/ja active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-02-18 US US06/467,799 patent/US4680580A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-02-21 GB GB08304733A patent/GB2115199B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03118777U (US06650917-20031118-M00005.png) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-12-06 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2115199B (en) | 1985-08-07 |
US4680580A (en) | 1987-07-14 |
GB2115199A (en) | 1983-09-01 |
GB8304733D0 (en) | 1983-03-23 |
JPS58144888A (ja) | 1983-08-29 |
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