JPS636857B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS636857B2 JPS636857B2 JP55117876A JP11787680A JPS636857B2 JP S636857 B2 JPS636857 B2 JP S636857B2 JP 55117876 A JP55117876 A JP 55117876A JP 11787680 A JP11787680 A JP 11787680A JP S636857 B2 JPS636857 B2 JP S636857B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrochromic
- polymer
- layers
- improved
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 poly(2-acrylamido-2 -methylpropanesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- FKOZPUORKCHONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CS(O)(=O)=O FKOZPUORKCHONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 19
- IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylyl sulfate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHCGVAXFRLLEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)CNC(=O)C=C ZHCGVAXFRLLEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1O[C@H](CN1C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRXCDHOLJPJLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)S(O)(=O)=O BRXCDHOLJPJLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1525—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/070,753 US4335938A (en) | 1979-08-30 | 1979-08-30 | Electrochromic cells with improved electrolyte system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5643625A JPS5643625A (en) | 1981-04-22 |
| JPS636857B2 true JPS636857B2 (en, 2012) | 1988-02-12 |
Family
ID=22097183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11787680A Granted JPS5643625A (en) | 1979-08-30 | 1980-08-28 | Electronic color generation device |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4335938A (en, 2012) |
| EP (1) | EP0024544B1 (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS5643625A (en, 2012) |
| KR (1) | KR830003813A (en, 2012) |
| AT (1) | ATE10683T1 (en, 2012) |
| CA (2) | CA1163011A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE3069753D1 (en, 2012) |
| MX (1) | MX155200A (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS578524A (en) | 1980-06-19 | 1982-01-16 | Nippon Kogaku Kk <Nikon> | Electrochromic display element |
| US4361385A (en) * | 1980-10-23 | 1982-11-30 | American Cyanamid Company | Electrochromic device containing acid copolymer electrolyte |
| US4448493A (en) * | 1981-02-25 | 1984-05-15 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Electrochromic display device |
| EP0083988B1 (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1987-11-11 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Electrochromic display device |
| US4488781A (en) * | 1982-01-25 | 1984-12-18 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for manufacturing an electrochromic display device and device produced thereby |
| JPS6037530A (ja) * | 1983-08-11 | 1985-02-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | エレクトロクロミック表示装置 |
| JPS61138925A (ja) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-26 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | エレクトロクロミツクデイスプレイ素子 |
| JPS6237247A (ja) * | 1985-05-08 | 1987-02-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 防眩ミラ− |
| FR2593328B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-20 | 1995-05-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Materiaux a conduction protonique, leur procede de preparation et leurs applications |
| US4768865A (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-09-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrochromic window with metal grid counter electrode |
| US4837592A (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-06-06 | Ford Motor Company | Method of making an electrochromic layer and new electrochromic device made therefrom |
| US5066111A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-11-19 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrochromic window with integrated bus bars |
| US5124832A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-06-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Laminated and sealed electrochromic window |
| IT1237269B (it) * | 1989-11-15 | 1993-05-27 | Rete neurale con capacita' di apprendimento per il trattamento di informazioni, e procedimento per il trattamento di informazioni con l'impiego di tale rete. | |
| US5111328A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-05-05 | Ford Motor Company | Electromagnetic radiation modulating device |
| US5161048A (en) * | 1990-12-26 | 1992-11-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrochromic window with metal grid counter electrode and acidic polyelectrolyte |
| US5187608A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1993-02-16 | General Electric Company | Substituted 3,4-polymethylenedioxythiophenes, and polymers and electro responsive devices made therefrom |
| US5111327A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-05-05 | General Electric Company | Substituted 3,4-polymethylenedioxythiophenes, and polymers and electro responsive devices made therefrom |
| US5327281A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-07-05 | Eic Laboratories | Solid polymeric electrolytes for electrochromic devices having reduced acidity and high anodic stability |
| US5377039A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-12-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polymeric electrochromic electrodes |
| US5520851A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-05-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Iridium oxide film for electrochromic device |
| US5471554A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-11-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Primer for electrochromic device with plastic substrate |
| US5471338A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-11-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrochromic device with plastic substrate |
| US5798860A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-08-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Iridium oxide film for electrochromic device |
| US5969847A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-10-19 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method for sealing a laminated electrochromic device edge |
| US5953150A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-09-14 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Edge design for electrochromic devices |
| US6214261B1 (en) | 1998-03-23 | 2001-04-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method for forming a molded edge seal |
| US6010220A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2000-01-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Tab and bus bar application method |
| US6444293B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 2002-09-03 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Bus bar application method |
| US6213602B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2001-04-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Metal bus bar and tab application method |
| US6193378B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2001-02-27 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic device having a self-cleaning hydrophilic coating |
| US6816297B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2004-11-09 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic mirror having a self-cleaning hydrophilic coating |
| US20060158735A1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2006-07-20 | Tonar William L | Electro-optic device having a self-cleaning hydrophilic coating |
| US6410885B1 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-06-25 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | MIG brazing power source |
| US20050286132A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-12-29 | Tonar William L | Electrochromic device having a self-cleaning hydrophilic coating with a controlled surface morphology |
| WO2005042307A2 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-12 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic device having a self-cleaning hydrophilic coating with an acid resistant under layer |
| FR2917848B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-09-25 | Saint Gobain | Materiau electroactif renfermant des composes organiques a activites redox respectivement positive et negative, procede et kit de fabrication de ce materiau, dispositif electrocommandable et vitrages utlisant un tel materiau |
| US10504033B1 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2019-12-10 | Atom Computing Inc. | Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing |
| US11995512B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2024-05-28 | Atom Computing Inc. | Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing |
| US11580435B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2023-02-14 | Atom Computing Inc. | Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing |
| AU2020433835A1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2022-09-29 | Atom Computing Inc. | Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing |
| EP4526813A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2025-03-26 | Atom Computing Inc. | Devices and methods for cavity-based computing |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH573155A5 (en, 2012) * | 1974-06-12 | 1976-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| AU1342576A (en) * | 1975-09-24 | 1977-11-03 | Timex Corp | Electrochromic display |
| CH594263A5 (en, 2012) * | 1975-11-29 | 1977-12-30 | Ebauches Sa | |
| CH604195A5 (en, 2012) * | 1976-09-14 | 1978-08-31 | Ebauches Sa | |
| US4116545A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-09-26 | American Cyanamid Company | Polymeric electrolyte for electrochromic display devices |
| US4120568A (en) * | 1977-01-12 | 1978-10-17 | Optel Corporation | Electrochromic cell with protective overcoat layer |
| US4174152A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-11-13 | American Cyanamid Company | Electrochromic devices with polymeric electrolytes |
| CH637978A5 (fr) * | 1979-05-03 | 1983-08-31 | Ebauches Sa | Electrolyte polymerique pour dispositif electro-optique. |
-
1979
- 1979-08-30 US US06/070,753 patent/US4335938A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-07-21 AT AT80104283T patent/ATE10683T1/de active
- 1980-07-21 EP EP80104283A patent/EP0024544B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-21 DE DE8080104283T patent/DE3069753D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-07-22 CA CA000356721A patent/CA1163011A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-30 US US06/173,783 patent/US4375318A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-08-18 MX MX183586A patent/MX155200A/es unknown
- 1980-08-28 JP JP11787680A patent/JPS5643625A/ja active Granted
- 1980-08-29 KR KR1019800003425A patent/KR830003813A/ko not_active Ceased
-
1983
- 1983-11-18 CA CA000441518A patent/CA1180088A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1180088A (en) | 1984-12-27 |
| JPS5643625A (en) | 1981-04-22 |
| ATE10683T1 (de) | 1984-12-15 |
| EP0024544B1 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| EP0024544A3 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| US4335938A (en) | 1982-06-22 |
| CA1163011A (en) | 1984-02-28 |
| DE3069753D1 (en) | 1985-01-17 |
| MX155200A (es) | 1988-02-02 |
| KR830003813A (ko) | 1983-06-22 |
| US4375318A (en) | 1983-03-01 |
| EP0024544A2 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
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