JPS6350553B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6350553B2 JPS6350553B2 JP55500105A JP50010579A JPS6350553B2 JP S6350553 B2 JPS6350553 B2 JP S6350553B2 JP 55500105 A JP55500105 A JP 55500105A JP 50010579 A JP50010579 A JP 50010579A JP S6350553 B2 JPS6350553 B2 JP S6350553B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- gas
- solid
- exhaust
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 66
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 17
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100219382 Caenorhabditis elegans cah-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/095—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using chemical or thermal pumping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00Â -Â F04B35/00
- F04B37/02—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00Â -Â F04B35/00 for evacuating by absorption or adsorption
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
ïŒ é€å»ãã¹ãç¹å®ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå容ãã容åš
ã«åå¿å®€ãé£éããã該åå¿å®€å ã«äžèšç¹å®ã®ã¬
ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå°å ¥ããã該åå¿å®€å ã§ååŠçåžææ°
æäœããããªãããšã«ããäžèšç¹å®ã¬ã¹ãé€å»ã
ãæ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŠãé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²å
ã®åœ¢ã§äžèšåå¿å®€å ã«å°å ¥ãããã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ª
ãäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšååŠåå¿ããããåºäœã®éæ®
çºæ§åå¿çæç©ã圢æããããããã«ãã€ãŠã該
åå¿å®€å ã«éšåçç空ãçããããäžèšå®¹åšãã
åå¿å®€ãžäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãåžææ°ãããããšãç¹
城ãšããåžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ã«åå¿å®€ãé£éããã該åå¿å®€å ã«äžèšç¹å®ã®ã¬
ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå°å ¥ããã該åå¿å®€å ã§ååŠçåžææ°
æäœããããªãããšã«ããäžèšç¹å®ã¬ã¹ãé€å»ã
ãæ¹æ³ã§ãã€ãŠãé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²å
ã®åœ¢ã§äžèšåå¿å®€å ã«å°å ¥ãããã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ª
ãäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšååŠåå¿ããããåºäœã®éæ®
çºæ§åå¿çæç©ã圢æããããããã«ãã€ãŠã該
åå¿å®€å ã«éšåçç空ãçããããäžèšå®¹åšãã
åå¿å®€ãžäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãåžææ°ãããããšãç¹
城ãšããåžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªããªããŠã ããããªãŠã ãã«ãª
ãŠã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ããããã®æ··åç©ããã³äžèšã¬
ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšååŠç芪åæ§ãæããäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ª
ãšåå¿ããŠåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§çæç©ã圢æãããç©
質ããéžã°ãããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ãŠã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ããããã®æ··åç©ããã³äžèšã¬
ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšååŠç芪åæ§ãæããäžèšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ª
ãšåå¿ããŠåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§çæç©ã圢æãããç©
質ããéžã°ãããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ åèšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã¯ã
(ã€) åèšç¹å®ã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåºäœç¶ã§äŸçµŠãã
(ã) ãã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãæå®æž©åºŠã«å ç±ããŠãã
ãã液åãã (ã) ãã®æ¶²åç©ããåæ£æ段ãéããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«
ç²ååããããšã«ãã圢æãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ãã液åãã (ã) ãã®æ¶²åç©ããåæ£æ段ãéããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«
ç²ååããããšã«ãã圢æãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ äžèšæ¶²ãæå®ã®å å§äžã§ç¹å®ã®äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ã®
é©çšã«ãã€ãŠäžèšåæ£æ段ã«æµéãããããšãç¹
城ãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹
æ³ã
é©çšã«ãã€ãŠäžèšåæ£æ段ã«æµéãããããšãç¹
城ãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹
æ³ã
ïŒ äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãã¢ã«ãŽã³ãããªã³ãããªãŠã ã
ãã»ãã³ããã³ã¯ãªããã³ããéžã°ãããã®ã§ã
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ãã»ãã³ããã³ã¯ãªããã³ããéžã°ãããã®ã§ã
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ åèšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã¯ã
(ã€) åèšç¹å®ã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã液ç¶ã§äŸçµŠãã
(ã) ãã®æ¶²äœãåæ£æ段ã«æµéãããããšã«ãã€
ãŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååããããšã«ãã圢æããã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ãŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååããããšã«ãã圢æããã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ ç¹å®ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãé€å»ããããã«ãã€ãŠäž
èšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªã®åœåã®å®¹åšäžã®å§åã1torråã¯
ãã以äžã«ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
第ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
èšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªã®åœåã®å®¹åšäžã®å§åã1torråã¯
ãã以äžã«ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
第ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãçªçŽ ãé
žçŽ ãæ°ŽçŽ ãéæ°ŽçŽ ãã
ãåæ°ŽçŽ ãå«ãæ··åç©ãããã³äžèšåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãš
åå¿ãåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§çæç©ã圢æãåŸãã¬ã¹ã
ãéžã°ãããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒ
ã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ãåæ°ŽçŽ ãå«ãæ··åç©ãããã³äžèšåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãš
åå¿ãåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§çæç©ã圢æãåŸãã¬ã¹ã
ãéžã°ãããã®ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒ
ã®åžææ°æ¹æ³ã
ïŒ é€å»ãã¹ãæã¬ã¹ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åããç¹å®ã®
é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšååŠåå¿ãããŠããããåºäœã«å€
æãããè£ çœ®ã§ãã€ãŠã (a) 第ïŒã第ïŒã®éå£éšãæãã第ïŒã®å®€ãšã (b) äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãããããã®éå£
éšãéã€ãŠäžèšæã¬ã¹ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãžã®æµå ¥ãç
ããããæ段ãšã (c) äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãããããã®éå£
éšãéã€ãŠäžèšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãäžèšå®€å ãžå°
åºãããæ段ãšã ãå ·åããŠãªãåžææ°è£ 眮ã«ãããŠã äžèšå°åºæ段ã (d) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãã
ããåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåºäœãšããŠå容ãã第ïŒäžŠã³
ã«ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšãæãã第ïŒã®å®€ãšã (e) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€è¿åã«èšããããäžèšåºäœã液
åããåŸã枩床ã«äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãå ç±ããæ段
ãšã (f) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšäžŠã³ã«ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€
ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšã«é¢é£ä»ãããããã®æ¶²åç©è³ª
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååãããåæ£æ段ãšã (g) 第ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšã«é¢é£ä»ããããæ
å®ã®äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ããã®æ¶²åé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã«å å§
äžã§åœãŠããã®ç©è³ªãäžèšåæ£æ段ãééãã
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã
第ïŒã®å®€äžã«ãããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšãä»ããŠå°
åºããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹é©çšæ段ãšã ãå ·åããŠãªãåžææ°è£ 眮ã
é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšååŠåå¿ãããŠããããåºäœã«å€
æãããè£ çœ®ã§ãã€ãŠã (a) 第ïŒã第ïŒã®éå£éšãæãã第ïŒã®å®€ãšã (b) äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãããããã®éå£
éšãéã€ãŠäžèšæã¬ã¹ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãžã®æµå ¥ãç
ããããæ段ãšã (c) äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãããããã®éå£
éšãéã€ãŠäžèšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãäžèšå®€å ãžå°
åºãããæ段ãšã ãå ·åããŠãªãåžææ°è£ 眮ã«ãããŠã äžèšå°åºæ段ã (d) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšè¿åã«èšãã
ããåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåºäœãšããŠå容ãã第ïŒäžŠã³
ã«ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšãæãã第ïŒã®å®€ãšã (e) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€è¿åã«èšããããäžèšåºäœã液
åããåŸã枩床ã«äžèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãå ç±ããæ段
ãšã (f) åèšç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšäžŠã³ã«ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€
ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšã«é¢é£ä»ãããããã®æ¶²åç©è³ª
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååãããåæ£æ段ãšã (g) 第ïŒã®å®€ã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšã«é¢é£ä»ããããæ
å®ã®äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ããã®æ¶²åé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã«å å§
äžã§åœãŠããã®ç©è³ªãäžèšåæ£æ段ãééãã
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã
第ïŒã®å®€äžã«ãããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®éå£éšãä»ããŠå°
åºããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹é©çšæ段ãšã ãå ·åããŠãªãåžææ°è£ 眮ã
ïŒïŒ åèšåæ£æ段ã液ååå¿æ§ç©è³ªãäžèšäžæŽ»
æ§ã¬ã¹ãä»ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååãããããã®ïŒ
åã¯ãã以äžã®ããºã«ãå«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹
èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°è£ 眮ã
æ§ã¬ã¹ãä»ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²ååãããããã®ïŒ
åã¯ãã以äžã®ããºã«ãå«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹
èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®åžææ°è£ 眮ã
çºæã®åé
ãã®çºæã¯åžææ°æ³ããã³è£
眮ãç¹ã«ãšã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«ç²åãšã®ååŠåå¿ãå©çšãäžèŠã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã
æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã
ã«ç²åãšã®ååŠåå¿ãå©çšãäžèŠã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã
æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã
çºæã®èæ¯
å¯å°å®¹åšããã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããçš®ã
ã®åžææ°
æ³ãåŸæ¥äœ¿çšãããŠãããããããã¯ããããç©
ççæ段ã«ãããšããç¹ã§å ±éãããã®ã§ãã€
ããããšãã°æ©æ¢°çãã³ãã«ããã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã
ãã®ïŒæ¡æ£ãã³ãåã¯ãšãžãšã¯ã¿ãçšãéååç©
質ãããšãã°æ²¹ãã¹ããŒã äžã«ã¬ã¹ååãææã
ããã®ïŒäœæž©ãã³ããçšããäœæž©ã«ããã¬ã¹ãå
çž®ããããã®ïŒåžååã¯ã²ãã¿ãŒãã³ããçšãåž
åå€ã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¬ã¹ãçµåããããã®ïŒããã³ãã
ãŒããŠã³ã·ã¹ãã ã«ããç空宀ã圢æããããã
ã«ã¬ã¹ãå å¡«ããããã®ãªã©ãããããã®çš®ã®ã
ã³ãã¯ããããæå®ã®æ©èœïŒããªãã¡ãæµäœã®äž
æã移åãå§çž®ïŒãæãããšãã§ããããæãç¹
æ®ãªç®çãããšãã°ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã®é«
ééã倧ãããµã€ãºãå®è¡ã®ããã®è€éãªè£ 眮ã
æäœã³ã¹ãã®ããäžéœåãçãããããã«ãæã
å Žåã«ã¯ãã³ãæéãçãããšïŒããšãã°ïŒã
500ç§ïŒãèŠæ±ãããããããã³ãã®å®¹éããã®
æäœæéã«èŠåããã®ã§ããããšãèŠæ±ãããã
ããããäžèšã®å ¬ç¥ã®ãã³ãã¯æ®ãã©ã®ãã®ãã
ã®æäœæéã«èŠåããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®ãã³ã容
éã¯å¿ èŠãšãããã³ãé床ã«ãã€ãŠå®ããããã
ããã«ããããã®ãã³ãã®äœ¿çšæãåžã¿äžããã
ãã¬ã¹ã¯ææ°ãããªããã°ãªããããã®å Žåãã
ããã®ã¬ã¹ãæ¯æ§ãè èæ§ãæããå Žåãåé¡ã
çããã
æ³ãåŸæ¥äœ¿çšãããŠãããããããã¯ããããç©
ççæ段ã«ãããšããç¹ã§å ±éãããã®ã§ãã€
ããããšãã°æ©æ¢°çãã³ãã«ããã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã
ãã®ïŒæ¡æ£ãã³ãåã¯ãšãžãšã¯ã¿ãçšãéååç©
質ãããšãã°æ²¹ãã¹ããŒã äžã«ã¬ã¹ååãææã
ããã®ïŒäœæž©ãã³ããçšããäœæž©ã«ããã¬ã¹ãå
çž®ããããã®ïŒåžååã¯ã²ãã¿ãŒãã³ããçšãåž
åå€ã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¬ã¹ãçµåããããã®ïŒããã³ãã
ãŒããŠã³ã·ã¹ãã ã«ããç空宀ã圢æããããã
ã«ã¬ã¹ãå å¡«ããããã®ãªã©ãããããã®çš®ã®ã
ã³ãã¯ããããæå®ã®æ©èœïŒããªãã¡ãæµäœã®äž
æã移åãå§çž®ïŒãæãããšãã§ããããæãç¹
æ®ãªç®çãããšãã°ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãã®é«
ééã倧ãããµã€ãºãå®è¡ã®ããã®è€éãªè£ 眮ã
æäœã³ã¹ãã®ããäžéœåãçãããããã«ãæã
å Žåã«ã¯ãã³ãæéãçãããšïŒããšãã°ïŒã
500ç§ïŒãèŠæ±ãããããããã³ãã®å®¹éããã®
æäœæéã«èŠåããã®ã§ããããšãèŠæ±ãããã
ããããäžèšã®å ¬ç¥ã®ãã³ãã¯æ®ãã©ã®ãã®ãã
ã®æäœæéã«èŠåããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®ãã³ã容
éã¯å¿ èŠãšãããã³ãé床ã«ãã€ãŠå®ããããã
ããã«ããããã®ãã³ãã®äœ¿çšæãåžã¿äžããã
ãã¬ã¹ã¯ææ°ãããªããã°ãªããããã®å Žåãã
ããã®ã¬ã¹ãæ¯æ§ãè èæ§ãæããå Žåãåé¡ã
çããã
ãã®ãããªå¶éããããããäžè¿°ã®ãã³ãã¯ç©º
äžåã¯å®å®ã§ã®äœ¿çšã«é©ããªããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
å¹ççãå°å軜éãã³ãã§ãã€ãŠååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã«äœ¿
çšã§ããæµååå¿çæã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§
ããã¬ãŒã¶ç §å°ãå¯èœãª5torr以äžã®å§åãä¿æ
ã§ãããã³ããå¿ èŠãšãããŠããããããã®ã¬ãŒ
ã¶ã¯ç®æšè¡šé¢ã«å¯Ÿãé«å¯åºŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèŠæ±ã
ããçš®ã ã®çšéã«äœ¿çšããããããšãã°é»åéæ¢
è£ çœ®ãç©æšæç€ºè£ çœ®ãæŠåšããã³ã¬ãŒãã·ã¹ãã
çã«äœ¿çšãããã
äžåã¯å®å®ã§ã®äœ¿çšã«é©ããªããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
å¹ççãå°å軜éãã³ãã§ãã€ãŠååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã«äœ¿
çšã§ããæµååå¿çæã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§
ããã¬ãŒã¶ç §å°ãå¯èœãª5torr以äžã®å§åãä¿æ
ã§ãããã³ããå¿ èŠãšãããŠããããããã®ã¬ãŒ
ã¶ã¯ç®æšè¡šé¢ã«å¯Ÿãé«å¯åºŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãèŠæ±ã
ããçš®ã ã®çšéã«äœ¿çšããããããšãã°é»åéæ¢
è£ çœ®ãç©æšæç€ºè£ çœ®ãæŠåšããã³ã¬ãŒãã·ã¹ãã
çã«äœ¿çšãããã
äžèšãã³ããšç°ãªãååŠåå¿ãå©çšããŠã¬ã¹ã
é€å»ããæ¹æ³ãç¥ãããŠããããã®åã®ãã³ãã¯
åºäœãããååŠãã³ããšããŠç¥ãããã¬ã¹âåºäœ
ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãããã®ã§ãããå
å¿æ§åºäœãããšãã°ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒCaïŒãé«è¡šé¢
ç©ã®ãã¬ããç¶ã«æ圢ãããããåå¿å®€å ã«å ¥
ããé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ããã®åå¿å®€å ã«å°å ¥ããã
ããããŠããã®ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšã¬ã¹ãšã®éã«ååŠå
å¿ãçãããã®Caãã¬ããè¡šé¢ã«åºäœåå¿çæ
ç©ã圢æãããã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§ãããã
ãšãã°ãé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ãããåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒHFïŒã
ãã³çªçŽ ïŒN2ïŒã§ããå Žåã 2CaïŒ2HFâCaF2ïŒCaH2 3CaïŒN2âCa3N2 ã®åå¿ãçããã
é€å»ããæ¹æ³ãç¥ãããŠããããã®åã®ãã³ãã¯
åºäœãããååŠãã³ããšããŠç¥ãããã¬ã¹âåºäœ
ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãããã®ã§ãããå
å¿æ§åºäœãããšãã°ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒCaïŒãé«è¡šé¢
ç©ã®ãã¬ããç¶ã«æ圢ãããããåå¿å®€å ã«å ¥
ããé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ããã®åå¿å®€å ã«å°å ¥ããã
ããããŠããã®ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšã¬ã¹ãšã®éã«ååŠå
å¿ãçãããã®Caãã¬ããè¡šé¢ã«åºäœåå¿çæ
ç©ã圢æãããã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§ãããã
ãšãã°ãé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ãããåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒHFïŒã
ãã³çªçŽ ïŒN2ïŒã§ããå Žåã 2CaïŒ2HFâCaF2ïŒCaH2 3CaïŒN2âCa3N2 ã®åå¿ãçããã
ãããããã®åºäœãããïŒã«ã«ã·ãŠã ïŒååŠã
ã³ãã«ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãã®æ¬ ç¹ãããããã®äž»ãªãã®ã¯åº
äœãããCaãã³ãã¯è€éã§ãã補é äžããã³æ
äœäžé«äŸ¡ã§ãããããã«ããã®çš®ã®ãã³ãã«çšã
ãããCaãã¬ããã®è£œé ã¯é«äŸ¡ã§ãããå±éºã§
ãããšãšãã«é·æéãèŠãããããã«ããã®ãã¬
ãã補é åŸã«äžæ³šæã«ç©ºæ°ã«é²åºãããšæ¿ããç
çºãèµ·ããããããããããã«ããã®åºäœããã
Caãã³ãã®æäœã«ãããŠå°é£ãªç¹ã¯äœ¿çšåã«ã
ããŠç空å°æ¢ãå¿ èŠãšãã䜿çšæžã¿Caãã¬ãã
ã眮æããã®ã«åºç¯ãªç®¡çãèŠæ±ãããããã
ã«ããã®ãããªãã³ãã®äœ¿çšæãæäœæéãé·ã³
ããšïŒããšãã°ïŒç§ä»¥äžïŒå±éºãªæž©åºŠäžæãçºç
ãããããã¯Caãã¬ãããã¬ã¹ãšCaãšã®éã®å
åŠåå¿ã«ããçºçç±ãå¹æçã«é£æ£ãããããšã
ã§ããªãããã§ããããã®åé¡ã¯Caãã¬ããã®
é«ãå€åæ§é ãæããã®ã§ç±äŒå°ãæªãããã§ã
ãããããããã®ãã¬ããã®å€å質æ§é ã¯ååŠå
å¿ã®ããã®è¡šé¢ç©ã倧ããããããã«æ¬ ããããš
ãã§ããªããåºäœCaã®å€åçã倧ããããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠè¡šé¢ç©ãå¢å€§ããããšããã®ç±äŒå°ã®å
é¡ãå¢å€§ãããåå¿ç±ãé£æ£ãããªãå ŽåãCa
ãã¬ããèªäœã®æž©åºŠãéäžæããåãã«åœ¢æãã
ãåå¿çæç©ãç±å解ïŒããªãã¡ãååŠåå¿ãé
æ¹åã«é²ãïŒããåºäœãããCaãã³ãã¯åããª
ããªãããã®ããããã®åºäœãããCaãã³ãã®
ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ïŒéåžžïŒã500ç§ã®é£ç¶æäœ
ãå¿ èŠãšããïŒãžã®äœ¿çšã¯å¶éãããã
ã³ãã«ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãã®æ¬ ç¹ãããããã®äž»ãªãã®ã¯åº
äœãããCaãã³ãã¯è€éã§ãã補é äžããã³æ
äœäžé«äŸ¡ã§ãããããã«ããã®çš®ã®ãã³ãã«çšã
ãããCaãã¬ããã®è£œé ã¯é«äŸ¡ã§ãããå±éºã§
ãããšãšãã«é·æéãèŠãããããã«ããã®ãã¬
ãã補é åŸã«äžæ³šæã«ç©ºæ°ã«é²åºãããšæ¿ããç
çºãèµ·ããããããããããã«ããã®åºäœããã
Caãã³ãã®æäœã«ãããŠå°é£ãªç¹ã¯äœ¿çšåã«ã
ããŠç空å°æ¢ãå¿ èŠãšãã䜿çšæžã¿Caãã¬ãã
ã眮æããã®ã«åºç¯ãªç®¡çãèŠæ±ãããããã
ã«ããã®ãããªãã³ãã®äœ¿çšæãæäœæéãé·ã³
ããšïŒããšãã°ïŒç§ä»¥äžïŒå±éºãªæž©åºŠäžæãçºç
ãããããã¯Caãã¬ãããã¬ã¹ãšCaãšã®éã®å
åŠåå¿ã«ããçºçç±ãå¹æçã«é£æ£ãããããšã
ã§ããªãããã§ããããã®åé¡ã¯Caãã¬ããã®
é«ãå€åæ§é ãæããã®ã§ç±äŒå°ãæªãããã§ã
ãããããããã®ãã¬ããã®å€å質æ§é ã¯ååŠå
å¿ã®ããã®è¡šé¢ç©ã倧ããããããã«æ¬ ããããš
ãã§ããªããåºäœCaã®å€åçã倧ããããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠè¡šé¢ç©ãå¢å€§ããããšããã®ç±äŒå°ã®å
é¡ãå¢å€§ãããåå¿ç±ãé£æ£ãããªãå ŽåãCa
ãã¬ããèªäœã®æž©åºŠãéäžæããåãã«åœ¢æãã
ãåå¿çæç©ãç±å解ïŒããªãã¡ãååŠåå¿ãé
æ¹åã«é²ãïŒããåºäœãããCaãã³ãã¯åããª
ããªãããã®ããããã®åºäœãããCaãã³ãã®
ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ïŒéåžžïŒã500ç§ã®é£ç¶æäœ
ãå¿ èŠãšããïŒãžã®äœ¿çšã¯å¶éãããã
çºæã®èŠçŽ
ãã®çºæã®ç®çã¯æã¬ã¹ã®åžææ°ããã³é€å»ã
ãããªãããã®æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ããã³è£ 眮ãæäŸãã
ãã®ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®åŸæ¥ã®ãã³ãããã³ããã«é¢
é£ããæ¹æ³ã®å©ç¹ããã³æ©èœãå ·åãããšãšã
ã«ããããã®æ¬ ç¹ãåé¿ãåŸãæ¹æ³ãæäŸããã
ã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ããã®çºæã¯åŸæ¥æ³ã®æ¬ ç¹ã§
ããè€éåãè²»çšãå®å šæ§ãæäœæ§ãç±äŒå°ã«ã€
ããŠã®åé¡ãå æããããšãã§ããã
ãããªãããã®æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ããã³è£ 眮ãæäŸãã
ãã®ã§ãããäžè¿°ã®åŸæ¥ã®ãã³ãããã³ããã«é¢
é£ããæ¹æ³ã®å©ç¹ããã³æ©èœãå ·åãããšãšã
ã«ããããã®æ¬ ç¹ãåé¿ãåŸãæ¹æ³ãæäŸããã
ã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ããã®çºæã¯åŸæ¥æ³ã®æ¬ ç¹ã§
ããè€éåãè²»çšãå®å šæ§ãæäœæ§ãç±äŒå°ã«ã€
ããŠã®åé¡ãå æããããšãã§ããã
ããã«ããã®çºæã¯æäœç¯å²ãåºããããçš®ã®
ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ã§èŠæ±ãããé·æéã®äœ¿çšã«
ãé©çšãåŸãæ§é çã«ç°¡åãªè£ 眮ã䜿çšããæ°èŠ
ãªã¬ã¹åžææ°æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ã§èŠæ±ãããé·æéã®äœ¿çšã«
ãé©çšãåŸãæ§é çã«ç°¡åãªè£ 眮ã䜿çšããæ°èŠ
ãªã¬ã¹åžææ°æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ããã®çºæã¯åžææ°ãã¹ãç¹å®ã®ã¬ã¹
ãäžæ®çºæ§ã®åºäœç©è³ªã«å€æããããšã«ãã€ãŠåž
ææ°ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§
ãããããã«è©³è¿°ãããšããã®çºæã¯é€å»ãã¹ã
ã¬ã¹ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã®åœ¢ã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšåå¿
ãããæ°èŠãªåžææ°æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ãäžæ®çºæ§ã®åºäœç©è³ªã«å€æããããšã«ãã€ãŠåž
ææ°ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§
ãããããã«è©³è¿°ãããšããã®çºæã¯é€å»ãã¹ã
ã¬ã¹ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã®åœ¢ã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšåå¿
ãããæ°èŠãªåžææ°æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
æ¬çºæè
çã¯äžèšç®çãéæãããããæ°èŠãª
åžææ°æ¹æ³ãçºèŠãéçºãããã®ã§ãããé€å»ã
ããã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒæã¬ã¹ïŒãé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãšæ¥è§Šãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããã
ã®ã§ãããããã§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãšã¯ã¬ã¹äžã«åŸ®çŽ°ãª
åºäœåã¯æ¶²äœç²åãæžæ¿ããããã®ãæå³ããã
ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯æç®ãâJournal of Material Scienceâ
Vol.9ïŒ1974ïŒç¬¬1344é ïŒãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çºçãšæž¬
å®ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã
åžææ°æ¹æ³ãçºèŠãéçºãããã®ã§ãããé€å»ã
ããã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒæã¬ã¹ïŒãé«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãšæ¥è§Šãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããã
ã®ã§ãããããã§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãšã¯ã¬ã¹äžã«åŸ®çŽ°ãª
åºäœåã¯æ¶²äœç²åãæžæ¿ããããã®ãæå³ããã
ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯æç®ãâJournal of Material Scienceâ
Vol.9ïŒ1974ïŒç¬¬1344é ïŒãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çºçãšæž¬
å®ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããã
ãã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãšã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšã®éã«ååŠ
åå¿ãçããåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§ç©è³ªã圢æãããã
ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãé€å»ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã
æ æ§ãšããŠã¯ãã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã¯åºäœãç±ã§æ¶²å
ããã€ãã§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«çºçæ段ã«ããé£ã°ãã
ãã
åå¿ãçããåºäœã®éæ®çºæ§ç©è³ªã圢æãããã
ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãé€å»ããããšãã§ããã奜ãŸãã
æ æ§ãšããŠã¯ãã®é«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã¯åºäœãç±ã§æ¶²å
ããã€ãã§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«çºçæ段ã«ããé£ã°ãã
ãã
äžèšç®çãéæãããããæ¬çºæè
çã¯ã¬ã¹ã
ç¹å®ã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãšåå¿ããã
æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ãå®æœããããã®æ°èŠãªè£ 眮ãéçºã
ãã
ç¹å®ã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãšåå¿ããã
æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ãå®æœããããã®æ°èŠãªè£ 眮ãéçºã
ãã
ãããã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã¯äžå¿
èŠãªã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãé€
å»ããããã®æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšãç®çãš
ããã
å»ããããã®æ°èŠãªæ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšãç®çãš
ããã
ããã«ãæ¬çºæã¯æã¬ã¹ãåºäœã«å€æãããå±
éºæ§ãæããæã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãç®çãšã
ãã
éºæ§ãæããæã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãç®çãšã
ãã
ããã«ãæ¬çºæã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãçšããçŽæ¥
çããã³é«å¶åŸ¡äžã§äžå¿ èŠãªã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³
ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
çããã³é«å¶åŸ¡äžã§äžå¿ èŠãªã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããæ¹æ³
ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ããã«ãæ¬çºæã¯åžææ°é床ãåºãç¯å²ã§æäœ
ããããšãã§ããé«ã¬ã¹æµéã§åžææ°å¯èœãªäžèš
æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ããããšãã§ããé«ã¬ã¹æµéã§åžææ°å¯èœãªäžèš
æ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
æ¬çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯åºãå§åç¯å²ã§æäœããã
ãšãã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ãšãã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ããã«ããã®çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯äœå§äžã§é«ã¬ã¹
æµéãç¶æã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ã
ãã
æµéãç¶æã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ã
ãã
ããã«ããã®çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯çæéããã«ã¹
ã®åœ¢ã§ç空ãã€ããåŸãäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®
ã§ããã
ã®åœ¢ã§ç空ãã€ããåŸãäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®
ã§ããã
ããã«ããã®çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯åå¿ç©è³ªãæ¯èŒ
çå®å šãã€å®¹æã«åæ±ãããšããæçµåå¿çæç©
ã容æã«é€å»ããããšãã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸã
ããã®ã§ããã
çå®å šãã€å®¹æã«åæ±ãããšããæçµåå¿çæç©
ã容æã«é€å»ããããšãã§ããäžèšæ¹æ³ãæäŸã
ããã®ã§ããã
ãã®çºæã®ä»ã®ç®çã¯äžèšæ¹æ³ãå®æœãåŸãæ°
èŠãªæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
èŠãªæ¹æ³ãæäŸãããã®ã§ããã
ãã®çºæã«ä¿ããè£
眮ã¯æ§é ãç°¡åã§ãã€ãŠå
äœéšåãç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšããªãã
äœéšåãç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšããªãã
ãã®è£
眮ã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯äžå€«ã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ããããã
ã€å䜿çšå¯èœãªæ§æéšåãæããããšã§ããã
ã€å䜿çšå¯èœãªæ§æéšåãæããããšã§ããã
ãã®è£
眮ã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯åäœãããããã®æåã®
ç空ã圢æããããã®è£å©ãã³ããç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšã
ãªãããšã§ããã
ç空ã圢æããããã®è£å©ãã³ããç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšã
ãªãããšã§ããã
ãã®çºæã®ç®çããã³ç¹åŸŽã¯äžèšã®å
·äœäŸãã
ã³å³é¢ã«ãããããã«æ確ã«ç解ããããšãã§ã
ãã§ãããã
ã³å³é¢ã«ãããããã«æ確ã«ç解ããããšãã§ã
ãã§ãããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®äžå®æœäŸã«ä¿ããæ¹æ³ã®äž»ãª
å·¥çšã®ãããŒãã€ãŒãå³ã§ããã
å·¥çšã®ãããŒãã€ãŒãå³ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæãå®æœããããã®è£
眮ã®æŠç¥å³
ã§ããã
ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãå®éã«å®æœãããšãã®
è£ çœ®ã®æŠç¥å³ã§ããã
è£ çœ®ã®æŠç¥å³ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ããã³è£
眮ãçšããå Žå
ã®åå¿å®€å ã®å§åæžå°ãšæéãšã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ãç·å³
ã§ããã
ã®åå¿å®€å ã®å§åæžå°ãšæéãšã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ãç·å³
ã§ããã
奜ãŸããå®æœæ
æ§
第ïŒå³äžãå·¥çšïŒã¯åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåºäœç¶ã§æäŸ
ãããããšã瀺ããŠããããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšããŠ
ã¯ãªããŠã ããããªãŠã ãã«ãªãŠã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã
åã¯ãããã®çµåããåã¯åé¡ã®ç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠé€
å»ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ãšã®ååŠç芪åæ§ã®å€§ãããã®
ã䜿çšããããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ã¬ã¹ãšåå¿ããŠéæ®
çºæ§ã®åå¿ç©è³ªãæåºããããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªã
ãªãããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã¯åæ±ãã®å®¹æãªã€ã³ãŽã
ãã®åœ¢ã§æäŸããããšãã§ããããã®åºäœã®åå¿
æ§ç©è³ªã¯åå¿å®€å ã«çœ®ããã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå·¥çšã§
瀺ãåŠãååã«é«ã枩床ã§å ç±ããã該åºäœã液
åããããå®éã«ã¯ããã®ç±ã¯è©²åºäœãå容ãã
åå¿å®€ã®å€åŽã«äŸçµŠããã該åºäœæž©åºŠãç±é»å¯Ÿã§
ã¢ãã¿ãŒãããå¿ èŠã«å¿ãããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãæ
åãã液ç¶ã§äŸçµŠããããã«ããŠããããåå¿æ§
ç©è³ªã液åããã®ã¡ãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãããšãã°ã¢ã«
ãŽã³ãããªã³ãããªãŠã ããã»ãã³ãã¯ãªããã³
ã§å å§ãïŒç¬¬ïŒå·¥çšåç §ïŒãæå®ã®ããºã«ãä»ã
ãŠé£ã°ãããã®æ¶²äœãåæ£ãã埮ç²ååãããã
ã®ããã«ããŠææã®ç²åŸã®ã¹ãã¬ãŒåã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«ã圢æãããããšãã§ãããã€ãã§ã第ïŒå·¥çš
ã«ç€ºãããã«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã第ïŒ
ã®åå¿å®€å ã«ãããŠé€å»ãããã¹ãæå®ã®ã¬ã¹ãš
æ¥è§Šãããããããšãã¬ã¹ãšåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãš
ã®éã«æ¥æ¿ãªååŠåå¿ãèµ·ãéæ®çºæ§ã®åå¿çæ
ç©ãæåºãããæåŸã«ã第ïŒå·¥çšã«ç€ºãããã«æ
æã®åžææ°æäœå®äºåŸããã®åºäœåå¿çæç©ã¯é©
åœãªæº¶åªãçšããŠé€å»ããåºäœã®å°ãªããšãäžéš
ã¯æº¶æ¶²åã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒãšãªãæåºããããå¿ èŠã«å¿
ãããã®åå¿çæç©ã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®åå¿å®€å ã«é€å»å¯èœ
ãªå£é¢ã圢æãããã®å£é¢ãé€å»ããããšã«ã
ããããã«ä»çããåå¿çæç©ãé€å»ããããã«
ããŠãããã
ãããããšã瀺ããŠããããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšããŠ
ã¯ãªããŠã ããããªãŠã ãã«ãªãŠã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã
åã¯ãããã®çµåããåã¯åé¡ã®ç©è³ªã§ãã€ãŠé€
å»ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ãšã®ååŠç芪åæ§ã®å€§ãããã®
ã䜿çšããããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ã¬ã¹ãšåå¿ããŠéæ®
çºæ§ã®åå¿ç©è³ªãæåºããããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªã
ãªãããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã¯åæ±ãã®å®¹æãªã€ã³ãŽã
ãã®åœ¢ã§æäŸããããšãã§ããããã®åºäœã®åå¿
æ§ç©è³ªã¯åå¿å®€å ã«çœ®ããã第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå·¥çšã§
瀺ãåŠãååã«é«ã枩床ã§å ç±ããã該åºäœã液
åããããå®éã«ã¯ããã®ç±ã¯è©²åºäœãå容ãã
åå¿å®€ã®å€åŽã«äŸçµŠããã該åºäœæž©åºŠãç±é»å¯Ÿã§
ã¢ãã¿ãŒãããå¿ èŠã«å¿ãããã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãæ
åãã液ç¶ã§äŸçµŠããããã«ããŠããããåå¿æ§
ç©è³ªã液åããã®ã¡ãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãããšãã°ã¢ã«
ãŽã³ãããªã³ãããªãŠã ããã»ãã³ãã¯ãªããã³
ã§å å§ãïŒç¬¬ïŒå·¥çšåç §ïŒãæå®ã®ããºã«ãä»ã
ãŠé£ã°ãããã®æ¶²äœãåæ£ãã埮ç²ååãããã
ã®ããã«ããŠææã®ç²åŸã®ã¹ãã¬ãŒåã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«ã圢æãããããšãã§ãããã€ãã§ã第ïŒå·¥çš
ã«ç€ºãããã«åå¿æ§ç©è³ªã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã第ïŒ
ã®åå¿å®€å ã«ãããŠé€å»ãããã¹ãæå®ã®ã¬ã¹ãš
æ¥è§Šãããããããšãã¬ã¹ãšåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãš
ã®éã«æ¥æ¿ãªååŠåå¿ãèµ·ãéæ®çºæ§ã®åå¿çæ
ç©ãæåºãããæåŸã«ã第ïŒå·¥çšã«ç€ºãããã«æ
æã®åžææ°æäœå®äºåŸããã®åºäœåå¿çæç©ã¯é©
åœãªæº¶åªãçšããŠé€å»ããåºäœã®å°ãªããšãäžéš
ã¯æº¶æ¶²åã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒãšãªãæåºããããå¿ èŠã«å¿
ãããã®åå¿çæç©ã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®åå¿å®€å ã«é€å»å¯èœ
ãªå£é¢ã圢æãããã®å£é¢ãé€å»ããããšã«ã
ããããã«ä»çããåå¿çæç©ãé€å»ããããã«
ããŠãããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®æ¹æ³ãå®æœããããã®è£
眮ã
æŠç¥çã«ç€ºãããã®ã§ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒåã¯å ¥å£
ã®å®€ïŒïŒïŒã¯åºäœç¶ã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåãå ¥ããã
ã®ã§ãã€ãŠãéå£éšïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãå ·åããŠã
ãããã®åå¿å®€ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒã«ããéå£éšïŒïŒã«
ã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠãã€ãïŒïŒãä»ã
ãŠäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒå ãžã®æµå ¥ãå¶åŸ¡ãåŸ
ãããã«ãªã€ãŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ã®éå£éšïŒïŒ
ã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã«é£éãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒ
ãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒã¯å
å¿ç©ã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãžå°å ¥ããæµéãå¶éããã
ãã®ãã«ããå ·åãããŠãããããã®ãã«ãã¯ç
ç¥ããããšãã§ãããããã®å Žåãåå¿ç©ã®æµé
ã¯äŸçµŠãããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒã®å§åã«ããå¶åŸ¡ã
ããããã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯ãã®åçŽãªå€å£é¢ïŒïŒïŒãã
ã³åºé¢ïŒã«å ç±éšæïŒïŒãèšããããã«ããŠãã
ãããããå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒã«ç±ãæäŸã
ãããšãç±äŒå°ã«ããåºäœåå¿ç©è³ªïŒå³ç€ºããª
ãïŒãå ç±ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã«æ¶²äœïŒïŒã圢æãã
ãã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯åå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãé€å»ãã¹
ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšåå¿ãããããã®ãã®ã§ãããã
ããã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãèšããã
ãŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããéå£éšïŒ
ïŒã¯å®€ïŒïŒã«é£éãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒãšé£
éããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åçŽå£ïŒïŒã«èšããããé
å£éšïŒïŒã¯é€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãž
ã®å°å ¥ããããªãããã®ãã®ã§ããã宀ïŒïŒã®åº
é¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããéå£éšïŒïŒã¯æåºç®¡ïŒïŒãã
ã³æ ïŒïŒãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããŠãåºäœåå¿çæç©ïŒïŒã
液åããã®ã¡ãé€å»ãåŸãããã«ãªã€ãŠããããª
ãããããéå£éšïŒïŒãæåºç®¡ïŒïŒãæ äœïŒïŒã¯
第ïŒå³ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããã«å£é¢ã®åœ¢ç¶ãæåºå¯
èœãªåœ¢ç¶ã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠçç¥ããããšãã§ã
ãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã«ã¯ããã«å·åŽéšæïŒïŒãå€åŽå
çŽå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããŠã
ãã
æŠç¥çã«ç€ºãããã®ã§ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒåã¯å ¥å£
ã®å®€ïŒïŒïŒã¯åºäœç¶ã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãåãå ¥ããã
ã®ã§ãã€ãŠãéå£éšïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãå ·åããŠã
ãããã®åå¿å®€ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒã«ããéå£éšïŒïŒã«
ã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠãã€ãïŒïŒãä»ã
ãŠäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒå ãžã®æµå ¥ãå¶åŸ¡ãåŸ
ãããã«ãªã€ãŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ã®éå£éšïŒïŒ
ã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã«é£éãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒ
ãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒã¯å
å¿ç©ã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãžå°å ¥ããæµéãå¶éããã
ãã®ãã«ããå ·åãããŠãããããã®ãã«ãã¯ç
ç¥ããããšãã§ãããããã®å Žåãåå¿ç©ã®æµé
ã¯äŸçµŠãããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒã®å§åã«ããå¶åŸ¡ã
ããããã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯ãã®åçŽãªå€å£é¢ïŒïŒïŒãã
ã³åºé¢ïŒã«å ç±éšæïŒïŒãèšããããã«ããŠãã
ãããããå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒã«ç±ãæäŸã
ãããšãç±äŒå°ã«ããåºäœåå¿ç©è³ªïŒå³ç€ºããª
ãïŒãå ç±ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã«æ¶²äœïŒïŒã圢æãã
ãã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯åå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãé€å»ãã¹
ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãšåå¿ãããããã®ãã®ã§ãããã
ããã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãèšããã
ãŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããéå£éšïŒ
ïŒã¯å®€ïŒïŒã«é£éãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒãšé£
éããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åçŽå£ïŒïŒã«èšããããé
å£éšïŒïŒã¯é€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãž
ã®å°å ¥ããããªãããã®ãã®ã§ããã宀ïŒïŒã®åº
é¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããéå£éšïŒïŒã¯æåºç®¡ïŒïŒãã
ã³æ ïŒïŒãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããŠãåºäœåå¿çæç©ïŒïŒã
液åããã®ã¡ãé€å»ãåŸãããã«ãªã€ãŠããããª
ãããããéå£éšïŒïŒãæåºç®¡ïŒïŒãæ äœïŒïŒã¯
第ïŒå³ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããã«å£é¢ã®åœ¢ç¶ãæåºå¯
èœãªåœ¢ç¶ã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠçç¥ããããšãã§ã
ãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã«ã¯ããã«å·åŽéšæïŒïŒãå€åŽå
çŽå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒã«èšããããŠã
ãã
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãè£
眮ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®ãããŒãã€ãŒãã«
åŸã€ãŠæäœããããæåã«ãåºäœç¶ã®åå¿ç©è³ªã
宀ïŒïŒå ã«é 眮ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒè¿åã®å ç±æ
段ãåããåå¿æ§åºäœãå ç±ããããã®çµæã第
ïŒå³ã«ç€ºã液äœïŒïŒã圢æããããã€ãã§ãäžæŽ»
æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒããã«ãïŒïŒãä»ããŠå¶åŸ¡ãããå§å
äžã§ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãéãäŸçµŠããã液äœïŒïŒããš
ã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒå ãžåŒ·å¶çã«ééãã第ïŒã®
宀ïŒïŒå ã«ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åïŒïŒã圢æããããå
æã«é€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒãéå£éšïŒïŒãä»
ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãžäŸçµŠããããã®å°å ¥ãããã¬ã¹ç¶
ç©è³ªãšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åïŒïŒãšã®éã«ååŠåå¿ãèµ·
ã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã®å å£ããã³åºé¢ã«åºäœåå¿ç©ïŒ
ïŒãæ²ç©ããããã®ååŠåå¿ã®é²è¡ã®éãå·åŽéš
æïŒïŒãåãã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒããç±ãé€å»ããã
åå¿å®äºåŸã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒããå
é¢ãããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãæž æµã«ããäžã€ã®æ¹æ³
ãšããŠã¯æ°ŽãåŸã ã«æ·»å ããåºäœåå¿çæç©ïŒïŒ
ãšåå¿ãããŠæº¶æ¶²åã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒã圢æããããæ
ïŒïŒãåãé€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠæåºç®¡ïŒïŒããæµã
åºãããã«ãããåæ§ã«ããŠã宀ïŒïŒãæ°Žã®æ·»å
ã«ãã€ãŠæž æµåããããšãã§ããã
åŸã€ãŠæäœããããæåã«ãåºäœç¶ã®åå¿ç©è³ªã
宀ïŒïŒå ã«é 眮ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒè¿åã®å ç±æ
段ãåããåå¿æ§åºäœãå ç±ããããã®çµæã第
ïŒå³ã«ç€ºã液äœïŒïŒã圢æããããã€ãã§ãäžæŽ»
æ§ã¬ã¹ïŒïŒããã«ãïŒïŒãä»ããŠå¶åŸ¡ãããå§å
äžã§ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãéãäŸçµŠããã液äœïŒïŒããš
ã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ïŒïŒå ãžåŒ·å¶çã«ééãã第ïŒã®
宀ïŒïŒå ã«ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åïŒïŒã圢æããããå
æã«é€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒãéå£éšïŒïŒãä»
ããŠç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ãžäŸçµŠããããã®å°å ¥ãããã¬ã¹ç¶
ç©è³ªãšãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åïŒïŒãšã®éã«ååŠåå¿ãèµ·
ã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã®å å£ããã³åºé¢ã«åºäœåå¿ç©ïŒ
ïŒãæ²ç©ããããã®ååŠåå¿ã®é²è¡ã®éãå·åŽéš
æïŒïŒãåãã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒããç±ãé€å»ããã
åå¿å®äºåŸã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒããå
é¢ãããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãæž æµã«ããäžã€ã®æ¹æ³
ãšããŠã¯æ°ŽãåŸã ã«æ·»å ããåºäœåå¿çæç©ïŒïŒ
ãšåå¿ãããŠæº¶æ¶²åã¯ã¹ã©ãªãŒã圢æããããæ
ïŒïŒãåãé€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠæåºç®¡ïŒïŒããæµã
åºãããã«ãããåæ§ã«ããŠã宀ïŒïŒãæ°Žã®æ·»å
ã«ãã€ãŠæž æµåããããšãã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯å®éã«å®æœããè£
眮ã®æŠç¥å³ã瀺ãã
ã®ã§ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãåã¯å ¥å£ã®å®€ã¯åºäœç¶
ã®ãªããŠã çã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãå°å ¥ããããã®ãã®
ã§ãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã§äœãããå·ŸïŒã€ã³ããé«ã
9.5ã€ã³ãã®ãã®ã§ããããã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯å€æ°ã®ã
ã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠåºå®ãããé éšïŒïŒãæ
ããããã®é éšïŒïŒãšå®€ïŒïŒã®äžç«¯é¢ãšã®éã¯äž
空âãªã³ã°ïŒããšãã°ããã±ã«åé補ã®ãã®ïŒ
ãä»ããŠå¯å°ãããããã®é éšïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã第
ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãåçãããŠããŠ
宀ïŒïŒãžé«å§äžïŒäžè¬ã«850ãã³ãïŒinch2ïŒã§æµ
å ¥ãããã¢ã«ãŽã³æµãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«ããŠããã
ã¢ã«ãŽã³æµã®å§åããããã€ãŠããºã«ïŒïŒãéé
ããåå¿ç©ã®æµéãå¶åŸ¡ããããšã«ããåžææ°é
床ãå¶åŸ¡ãããã第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå
ã®å§åã解æŸããããã®ãã«ãïŒïŒãèšããããŠ
ããããªããŠã ã®ã€ã³ãŽãããå®å šã«æ¶è²»ããã
åã«ãªããŠã ã®æµå ¥ãçµäºãããåžææ°æäœãå
æ¢ããããå Žåã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãéãã宀ïŒïŒå ã®
å§åã解æŸããããæå®ã®ã¬ã¹å§ãä¿ãããªããª
ããšãªããŠã æµãåæ¢ãåžææ°æäœãåæ¢ããã
第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ã®æž©åºŠã
ã¢ãã¿ãŒããããã®ç±é»å¯ŸïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ãã第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å§åãã¢ã
ã¿ãŒããããã®å§åæ瀺åšïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ãã
ã®ã§ããã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒãåã¯å ¥å£ã®å®€ã¯åºäœç¶
ã®ãªããŠã çã®åå¿æ§ç©è³ªãå°å ¥ããããã®ãã®
ã§ãã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒã§äœãããå·ŸïŒã€ã³ããé«ã
9.5ã€ã³ãã®ãã®ã§ããããã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯å€æ°ã®ã
ã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠåºå®ãããé éšïŒïŒãæ
ããããã®é éšïŒïŒãšå®€ïŒïŒã®äžç«¯é¢ãšã®éã¯äž
空âãªã³ã°ïŒããšãã°ããã±ã«åé補ã®ãã®ïŒ
ãä»ããŠå¯å°ãããããã®é éšïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã第
ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãåçãããŠããŠ
宀ïŒïŒãžé«å§äžïŒäžè¬ã«850ãã³ãïŒinch2ïŒã§æµ
å ¥ãããã¢ã«ãŽã³æµãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«ããŠããã
ã¢ã«ãŽã³æµã®å§åããããã€ãŠããºã«ïŒïŒãéé
ããåå¿ç©ã®æµéãå¶åŸ¡ããããšã«ããåžææ°é
床ãå¶åŸ¡ãããã第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå
ã®å§åã解æŸããããã®ãã«ãïŒïŒãèšããããŠ
ããããªããŠã ã®ã€ã³ãŽãããå®å šã«æ¶è²»ããã
åã«ãªããŠã ã®æµå ¥ãçµäºãããåžææ°æäœãå
æ¢ããããå Žåã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒãéãã宀ïŒïŒå ã®
å§åã解æŸããããæå®ã®ã¬ã¹å§ãä¿ãããªããª
ããšãªããŠã æµãåæ¢ãåžææ°æäœãåæ¢ããã
第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ã®æž©åºŠã
ã¢ãã¿ãŒããããã®ç±é»å¯ŸïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ãã第ïŒã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å§åãã¢ã
ã¿ãŒããããã®å§åæ瀺åšïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ãã
ããã«ã宀ïŒïŒã«ã¯ãã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã«éå£ïŒïŒã
æããããã«ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒãåçãããŠã
ãããã®éå£éšïŒïŒã暪åãããã«ããŠã¹ãã³ã¬
ã¹éŒè£œã®ã¡ãã·ãŠãã€ã«ã¿ãŒïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ããããã«ãã®éå£éšã«ã¯ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã®
äžéšéå£éšïŒïŒãé£éãããŠããããã€ã«ã¿ãŒïŒ
ïŒã¯æ¶²äžã®åºäœäžçŽç©ãé€å»ãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ
段ãžééãããããç®è©°ããããã®ãé²æ¢ããã
ã®ã§ããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ã¯è€æ°ã®ã¹ãã³
ã¬ã¹éŒããºã«ïŒïŒãæããããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã
å ·åããŠããããã®ããºã«ïŒïŒã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²å
ã®åŸãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®æå®ã®å€§ããã®éå£éšãæ
ããããããããºã«ïŒïŒã¯äžèšã®åŠã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒ
ïŒå ãžçªåºããŠããããã®ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã
ä»èšããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯äžç©ºéå±ïŒ¯âãª
ã³ã°ïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒãå¯å°æ§ãååã«ãããªãã
ãä»åšããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã«ã¯åçŽå£ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®
å€é¢ã«å ç±éšæïŒïŒããããã«åºé¢ïŒïŒè¿åã®é
å£éšïŒïŒå ã«ãå ç±éšæïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒãèšãã
ããŠããããããå ç±éšæãåäœããããšå£é¢ïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒãå ç±ããããã®ç±ã¯å®€
ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ãããªãã¡åºäœåå¿æ§ç©è³ªã«äŒã
ããååãªé«æž©ã«éãããšãããã®åºäœå å¡«ç©ã¯
液åã宀ïŒïŒåºéšã«æµŽã圢æãããïŒãªããŠã ã¯
180âã§æ¶²åããããå®éã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒã¯å éšæž©åºŠ
ã450âãšããŠåžææ°åå¿ãä¿é²ããããïŒã
æããããã«ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒãåçãããŠã
ãããã®éå£éšïŒïŒã暪åãããã«ããŠã¹ãã³ã¬
ã¹éŒè£œã®ã¡ãã·ãŠãã€ã«ã¿ãŒïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ããããã«ãã®éå£éšã«ã¯ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã®
äžéšéå£éšïŒïŒãé£éãããŠããããã€ã«ã¿ãŒïŒ
ïŒã¯æ¶²äžã®åºäœäžçŽç©ãé€å»ãããšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ
段ãžééãããããç®è©°ããããã®ãé²æ¢ããã
ã®ã§ããããã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åæ段ã¯è€æ°ã®ã¹ãã³
ã¬ã¹éŒããºã«ïŒïŒãæããããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã
å ·åããŠããããã®ããºã«ïŒïŒã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²å
ã®åŸãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®æå®ã®å€§ããã®éå£éšãæ
ããããããããºã«ïŒïŒã¯äžèšã®åŠã第ïŒã®å®€ïŒ
ïŒå ãžçªåºããŠããããã®ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒã
ä»èšããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯äžç©ºéå±ïŒ¯âãª
ã³ã°ïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒãå¯å°æ§ãååã«ãããªãã
ãä»åšããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã«ã¯åçŽå£ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®
å€é¢ã«å ç±éšæïŒïŒããããã«åºé¢ïŒïŒè¿åã®é
å£éšïŒïŒå ã«ãå ç±éšæïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒãèšãã
ããŠããããããå ç±éšæãåäœããããšå£é¢ïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒãå ç±ããããã®ç±ã¯å®€
ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ãããªãã¡åºäœåå¿æ§ç©è³ªã«äŒã
ããååãªé«æž©ã«éãããšãããã®åºäœå å¡«ç©ã¯
液åã宀ïŒïŒåºéšã«æµŽã圢æãããïŒãªããŠã ã¯
180âã§æ¶²åããããå®éã«ã¯å®€ïŒïŒã¯å éšæž©åºŠ
ã450âãšããŠåžææ°åå¿ãä¿é²ããããïŒã
第ïŒã®å®€ïŒïŒã¯é€å»ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå
å¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããããã®ãã®ã§ãã¹ã
ã³ã¬ã¹éŒããã€ããããåœæ²ããåºéšãæããã
å·Ÿ16ã€ã³ããé«ã19ã€ã³ãã®å€§ããã®ãã®ã§ã
ãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã®å®¹ç©ã¯å°å ¥ãããã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãš
ã®åå¿ããããªãããã®ã«ååãªæéããšã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«ç²åãå éšã§æžæ¿ãåŸãããã«ååãªå€§ããã®
ãã®ãšããªããã°ãªããªãã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã¯
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã«æ§é çã«å®å®æ§ãä»äžããã
ãåœæ²ããŠãããããã®æ§é ã¯ããã«éããä»»æ
ã«éžæãåŸãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éš
ïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠããã«ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒ
ãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããã
Viton補ã®ïŒ¯âãªã³ã°ïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒïŒParke
Scals瀟ãInglewoodãã«ã«ããªãã¢å·ã補ã®ãŽ
ã 質ã®ãã®ïŒã宀ïŒïŒãšå®€ïŒïŒãšã®æ¥ç¶éšïŒå€æ°
ã®ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã§åºå®ãããïŒã®è¡šé¢ã«ä»åš
ãããŠããŠãå¯å°æ§ã確å®ã«ããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®
äžé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠããã
ã«å§åæ瀺åšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒå ã®
å§åãã¢ãã¿ãŒããããã«ããŠããã
å¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãšåå¿ãããããã®ãã®ã§ãã¹ã
ã³ã¬ã¹éŒããã€ããããåœæ²ããåºéšãæããã
å·Ÿ16ã€ã³ããé«ã19ã€ã³ãã®å€§ããã®ãã®ã§ã
ãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã®å®¹ç©ã¯å°å ¥ãããã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãš
ã®åå¿ããããªãããã®ã«ååãªæéããšã¢ãŸãŒ
ã«ç²åãå éšã§æžæ¿ãåŸãããã«ååãªå€§ããã®
ãã®ãšããªããã°ãªããªãã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã¯
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããã«æ§é çã«å®å®æ§ãä»äžããã
ãåœæ²ããŠãããããã®æ§é ã¯ããã«éããä»»æ
ã«éžæãåŸãããã®å®€ïŒïŒã®äžé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éš
ïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠããã«ããºã«ãã«ããŒïŒïŒ
ãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒãšæ¥ç¶ããŠããã
Viton補ã®ïŒ¯âãªã³ã°ïŒå³ç€ºããªãïŒïŒParke
Scals瀟ãInglewoodãã«ã«ããªãã¢å·ã補ã®ãŽ
ã 質ã®ãã®ïŒã宀ïŒïŒãšå®€ïŒïŒãšã®æ¥ç¶éšïŒå€æ°
ã®ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã§åºå®ãããïŒã®è¡šé¢ã«ä»åš
ãããŠããŠãå¯å°æ§ã確å®ã«ããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®
äžé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠããã
ã«å§åæ瀺åšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒå ã®
å§åãã¢ãã¿ãŒããããã«ããŠããã
宀ïŒïŒã®åçŽå£ïŒïŒã«ã¯å£åŸïŒã€ã³ãã®éå£éš
ïŒïŒããã©ã³ãžïŒïŒãšãšãã«èšããããŠããŠãé€
å»ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒãããããå°å ¥ãã
ããã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒã®æµå ¥ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®ãã«
ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®å€æ¹ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªæºã«é 眮ã
ããŠããããã®éå£éšïŒïŒãšå¹³è¡ããŠã宀ïŒïŒå
ã«ã¬ã¹æµå€æåšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒå
ã«ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå¹³åçã«æµãããã«ããŠãããä»®
ãã«ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãçŽé²ãããšåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²
åã®åå¿æ§ã劚害ãããããšã«ãªãããã§ããã
ã¬ã¹æµå€æåšïŒïŒã¯ããžïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠåºå®
ãããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒã
èšããããŠããŠãããã«æ ïŒïŒãæããæåºç®¡ïŒ
ïŒãèšããããŠããããã®æåºç®¡ïŒïŒã¯åžææ°æ
äœã®çµäºæã«ãåºäœåå¿çæç©ã液åããã®ã¡ã
ãããé€å»ããããã®ãã®ã§ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®é
å£éšïŒïŒããã³æåºç®¡ïŒïŒã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ãã宀ïŒïŒ
ã®åºé¢è¿åã®åçŽå£ã«åçããããšãã§ãããæ
åŸã«ã宀ïŒïŒã«ã¯å·åŽéšæïŒïŒãããšãã°å·åŽã
ã€ãããå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒã®å€åŽã«
èšããããŠãããå·åŽéšæïŒïŒãåããšãããã
å£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãåºé¢ïŒïŒãå·åŽãããããã«ã
ã€ãŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ãå·åŽãããããã®å·åŽã¯
宀ïŒïŒå ã®ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããç±ãé£æ£ã
ããããã«å¿ èŠã§ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®
è£ çœ®ã«ã€ããŠæäœããå Žåã瀺ããŠããã
ïŒïŒããã©ã³ãžïŒïŒãšãšãã«èšããããŠããŠãé€
å»ãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒãããããå°å ¥ãã
ããã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªïŒïŒã®æµå ¥ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®ãã«
ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®å€æ¹ã®ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªæºã«é 眮ã
ããŠããããã®éå£éšïŒïŒãšå¹³è¡ããŠã宀ïŒïŒå
ã«ã¬ã¹æµå€æåšïŒïŒãèšããããŠããŠã宀ïŒïŒå
ã«ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãå¹³åçã«æµãããã«ããŠãããä»®
ãã«ã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªãçŽé²ãããšåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²
åã®åå¿æ§ã劚害ãããããšã«ãªãããã§ããã
ã¬ã¹æµå€æåšïŒïŒã¯ããžïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ãã€ãŠåºå®
ãããŠããã宀ïŒïŒã®åºé¢ïŒïŒã«ã¯éå£éšïŒïŒã
èšããããŠããŠãããã«æ ïŒïŒãæããæåºç®¡ïŒ
ïŒãèšããããŠããããã®æåºç®¡ïŒïŒã¯åžææ°æ
äœã®çµäºæã«ãåºäœåå¿çæç©ã液åããã®ã¡ã
ãããé€å»ããããã®ãã®ã§ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®é
å£éšïŒïŒããã³æåºç®¡ïŒïŒã¯å¿ èŠã«å¿ãã宀ïŒïŒ
ã®åºé¢è¿åã®åçŽå£ã«åçããããšãã§ãããæ
åŸã«ã宀ïŒïŒã«ã¯å·åŽéšæïŒïŒãããšãã°å·åŽã
ã€ãããå£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³åºé¢ïŒïŒã®å€åŽã«
èšããããŠãããå·åŽéšæïŒïŒãåããšãããã
å£é¢ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãåºé¢ïŒïŒãå·åŽãããããã«ã
ã€ãŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã®å å¡«ç©ãå·åŽãããããã®å·åŽã¯
宀ïŒïŒå ã®ååŠåå¿ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããç±ãé£æ£ã
ããããã«å¿ èŠã§ãããå®æœäŸïŒã¯ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®
è£ çœ®ã«ã€ããŠæäœããå Žåã瀺ããŠããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠãåå¿å®€å
ã®æž©
床äœäžãçµæçã«ç€ºãããã®ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã®è£
眮ãçšããŠçªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã宀枩ãå§å350torrã§æå
ã«75å容ãããã®ãåžææ°ããã第ïŒå³ã®âå§
åâã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å§åãæããâçµéæ
éâã¯åžææ°æäœæéãæå³ããã350torrãªã
ã10torrã®ç¯å²ã«ã€ããŠã®å¹æçãªåžææ°æäœã
ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããŠãããæ²ç·ã®åŸæã¯åžã¿äž
ããããã¬ã¹ã®ã¢ã«éïŒç§ãtorrã«æ¯äŸãããã®
ã§ãããããã«å§å650ã5torr以äžã®ç¯å²ã«ã€ã
ãŠã®çªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã®å¹æçåžææ°ã«ã€ããŠã®ããŒã¿ã
åæã«åŸãããã
床äœäžãçµæçã«ç€ºãããã®ã§ããã第ïŒå³ã®è£
眮ãçšããŠçªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã宀枩ãå§å350torrã§æå
ã«75å容ãããã®ãåžææ°ããã第ïŒå³ã®âå§
åâã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®å®€ïŒïŒå ã®å§åãæããâçµéæ
éâã¯åžææ°æäœæéãæå³ããã350torrãªã
ã10torrã®ç¯å²ã«ã€ããŠã®å¹æçãªåžææ°æäœã
ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããŠãããæ²ç·ã®åŸæã¯åžã¿äž
ããããã¬ã¹ã®ã¢ã«éïŒç§ãtorrã«æ¯äŸãããã®
ã§ãããããã«å§å650ã5torr以äžã®ç¯å²ã«ã€ã
ãŠã®çªçŽ ã¬ã¹ã®å¹æçåžææ°ã«ã€ããŠã®ããŒã¿ã
åæã«åŸãããã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãè£
眮ãçšãN2ã¬ã¹ã®åžææ°ãã
ããªã€ãããã®è£ 眮ã宀ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®æ¥åéšã®çª
åºéšïŒãã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®äžéšïŒãæ¯æããåºå®
è£ çœ®ã«ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ãèšå®ãããéããã
ãããªãŒã°ã¬ãŒãã®ãªããŠã ïŒLiïŒã®ã€ã³ãŽã
ããçŽåºŠ99.8ïŒ ïŒãªããŠã 瀟補ãBessemeråžã
ããŒã¹ã«ãã©ã€ãå·ïŒã宀ïŒïŒå ã«å å¡«ãããã
ã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³é éšã宀ïŒïŒäžé¢éã«ä»åš
ãããâãªã³ã°ãåãã¯ããããšã«ãããé éš
ïŒïŒãé€å»ããLiã宀ïŒïŒå ã«æ¿å ¥ããã€ãã§ã
äžèšïŒ¯âãªã³ã°ããã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ããé éšïŒ
ïŒãåã³é 眮ããããå·åŽéšæïŒïŒãæ°ŽãïŒã¬ã
ã³ïŒåã®å²åã§æµãããšã«ããé§åããããå ç±
éšæãšããŠã«ãŒããªããžããŒã¿ã宀ïŒïŒåºé¢è¿å
ã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«æ¿å ¥ããé»å§ãå¶åŸ¡ããªããé§å
ããããå ç±éšæïŒïŒãããªãã¡å®€ïŒïŒã«å·»åã
ãããã³ãããŒã¿ãé»å§ãå¶åŸ¡ããªããé§åãã
ãããããã«ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®æž©åºŠã450âã«ä¿
æããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®æž©åºŠã450âã«å®å®çã«éã
ãã®ã¡ããã®æž©åºŠã§Liã液åãã850ãã³ãïŒ
inch2ã®å§åã§ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã¬ã¹ããã«ãïŒïŒãä»ã
ãŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããããã®å å§ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã¬ã¹ã«
ãããLiãããºã«ïŒïŒãä»ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãš
ãããããã¹ãã¬ãŒã®åœ¢ã§å®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããã
ãã®ããºã«ã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã¹ãã 瀟ïŒWheatonã
ã€ãªãã€å·ïŒè£œã®ãã®ã§åºå£ã®å£åŸã¯0.016ã€ã³
ãã§ãã€ããLiã®æµéã¯ããºã«ïŒååœã1.6ïœïŒ
ç§ã§ãããïŒåã®ããºã«ã䜿çšããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«
ç²åã宀ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ãããšåæã«ïŒåã¯ã®ã¡
ã«ïŒé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªããªãã¡çªçŽ ããã©ã³
ãžïŒïŒãä»ããŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããããã®çµæã
äžèšã®åå¿ãçãããã®ãšèããããã
ããªã€ãããã®è£ 眮ã宀ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®æ¥åéšã®çª
åºéšïŒãã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®äžéšïŒãæ¯æããåºå®
è£ çœ®ã«ãã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ãèšå®ãããéããã
ãããªãŒã°ã¬ãŒãã®ãªããŠã ïŒLiïŒã®ã€ã³ãŽã
ããçŽåºŠ99.8ïŒ ïŒãªããŠã 瀟補ãBessemeråžã
ããŒã¹ã«ãã©ã€ãå·ïŒã宀ïŒïŒå ã«å å¡«ãããã
ã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒããã³é éšã宀ïŒïŒäžé¢éã«ä»åš
ãããâãªã³ã°ãåãã¯ããããšã«ãããé éš
ïŒïŒãé€å»ããLiã宀ïŒïŒå ã«æ¿å ¥ããã€ãã§ã
äžèšïŒ¯âãªã³ã°ããã«ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ããé éšïŒ
ïŒãåã³é 眮ããããå·åŽéšæïŒïŒãæ°ŽãïŒã¬ã
ã³ïŒåã®å²åã§æµãããšã«ããé§åããããå ç±
éšæãšããŠã«ãŒããªããžããŒã¿ã宀ïŒïŒåºé¢è¿å
ã®éå£éšïŒïŒã«æ¿å ¥ããé»å§ãå¶åŸ¡ããªããé§å
ããããå ç±éšæïŒïŒãããªãã¡å®€ïŒïŒã«å·»åã
ãããã³ãããŒã¿ãé»å§ãå¶åŸ¡ããªããé§åãã
ãããããã«ããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®æž©åºŠã450âã«ä¿
æããã宀ïŒïŒå ã®æž©åºŠã450âã«å®å®çã«éã
ãã®ã¡ããã®æž©åºŠã§Liã液åãã850ãã³ãïŒ
inch2ã®å§åã§ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã¬ã¹ããã«ãïŒïŒãä»ã
ãŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããããã®å å§ã¢ã«ãŽã³ã¬ã¹ã«
ãããLiãããºã«ïŒïŒãä»ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãš
ãããããã¹ãã¬ãŒã®åœ¢ã§å®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããã
ãã®ããºã«ã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã¹ãã 瀟ïŒWheatonã
ã€ãªãã€å·ïŒè£œã®ãã®ã§åºå£ã®å£åŸã¯0.016ã€ã³
ãã§ãã€ããLiã®æµéã¯ããºã«ïŒååœã1.6ïœïŒ
ç§ã§ãããïŒåã®ããºã«ã䜿çšããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«
ç²åã宀ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ãããšåæã«ïŒåã¯ã®ã¡
ã«ïŒé€å»ãã¹ãã¬ã¹ç¶ç©è³ªããªãã¡çªçŽ ããã©ã³
ãžïŒïŒãä»ããŠå®€ïŒïŒå ã«å°å ¥ããããã®çµæã
äžèšã®åå¿ãçãããã®ãšèããããã
6LiïŒN2â2Li3N
çªåãªããŠã ïŒLi3NïŒã¯èµ€è²ãåãã宀ïŒïŒ
ã®åºé¢ã«æåºãããN2ã®ã¬ã¹åžææ°é床ã¯
250torrã§0.2ã¢ã«ïŒç§ïŒ5.6ïœïŒç§ïŒã§ãã€ãããª
ããŠã ã®å¹çã¯ïŒïœïŒç§Liåœã0.5ïœïŒç§N2ã§ã
ã€ããããã¯ååŠéè«ã«åºã¥ãçè«å€ãïŒïœïŒç§
Liåœãã0.67ïœïŒç§N2ã«å¯Ÿãã75ïŒ ä»¥äžã®å¹ç
ã瀺ããã®ã§ãã€ãã
ã®åºé¢ã«æåºãããN2ã®ã¬ã¹åžææ°é床ã¯
250torrã§0.2ã¢ã«ïŒç§ïŒ5.6ïœïŒç§ïŒã§ãã€ãããª
ããŠã ã®å¹çã¯ïŒïœïŒç§Liåœã0.5ïœïŒç§N2ã§ã
ã€ããããã¯ååŠéè«ã«åºã¥ãçè«å€ãïŒïœïŒç§
Liåœãã0.67ïœïŒç§N2ã«å¯Ÿãã75ïŒ ä»¥äžã®å¹ç
ã瀺ããã®ã§ãã€ãã
ãã®å¹æçãªåžææ°äœçšã¯N2650ã5torrã®ç¯
å²ã®å§åäžã§ãããªãããšãã§ããã
å²ã®å§åäžã§ãããªãããšãã§ããã
åžææ°æäœçµäºæãè£
眮ãæž
æµããããã宀ïŒ
ïŒã宀ïŒïŒããåé¢ãããã€ãã§æ°Žã宀ïŒïŒå ã«
åŸã ã«æ³šææ·±ãæ³šå ¥ããçµæãäžèšã®åå¿ãçã
ãã
ïŒã宀ïŒïŒããåé¢ãããã€ãã§æ°Žã宀ïŒïŒå ã«
åŸã ã«æ³šææ·±ãæ³šå ¥ããçµæãäžèšã®åå¿ãçã
ãã
Li3NïŒ3H2OâNH3ïŒ3LiOH
NH3ã¯ã¬ã¹ãšããŠé£æ£ããLiOHã¯éå°ã®æ°Žã«
溶ããŠæº¶æ¶²ãšãªãæ ïŒïŒãåãã¯ããæåºç®¡ïŒïŒ
ãä»ããŠé©åœãªå®¹åšã«å°ã宀ïŒïŒå€ãžæåºãã
ãã宀ïŒïŒãæž æµããããé éšïŒïŒãåãé€ãã
æ°ŽãåŸã ã«æ·»å ãããæ®çããŠãããªããŠã ã¯æ°Ž
ãšäžèšã®åŠãåå¿ããã
溶ããŠæº¶æ¶²ãšãªãæ ïŒïŒãåãã¯ããæåºç®¡ïŒïŒ
ãä»ããŠé©åœãªå®¹åšã«å°ã宀ïŒïŒå€ãžæåºãã
ãã宀ïŒïŒãæž æµããããé éšïŒïŒãåãé€ãã
æ°ŽãåŸã ã«æ·»å ãããæ®çããŠãããªããŠã ã¯æ°Ž
ãšäžèšã®åŠãåå¿ããã
2LiïŒ2H2Oâ2LiOHïŒH2
LiOHãŸæ°Žã«æº¶ã宀ïŒïŒå€ãžæåºãããããšã
ã§ãããH2ã¯ã¬ã¹ãšããŠé£æ£ããã
ã§ãããH2ã¯ã¬ã¹ãšããŠé£æ£ããã
å®æœäŸ ïŒ
äžèšN2ãšåæ§ã«ããŠååŠã¬ãŒã¶ææ°ç©ã§ãã
ããåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒHFïŒã«ã€ããŠã®åžææ°ããããªã€
ãã
ããåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒHFïŒã«ã€ããŠã®åžææ°ããããªã€
ãã
HFã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãããŠããåæ°ŽçŽ ååã¯ã¬ãŒã¶äœ
çšãçããããå±èµ·ç¶æ ïŒHF*ïŒã§çæããã
ããã«é¢ããååŠåå¿ã¯äžèšã®åŠãã§ããã
çšãçããããå±èµ·ç¶æ ïŒHF*ïŒã§çæããã
ããã«é¢ããååŠåå¿ã¯äžèšã®åŠãã§ããã
(1) D2ïŒ2F2â2DFïŒ2F
(2) ïŒH2âHF*ïŒ1/2H2
(3) HF*âHFïŒïœ
ãããã€ãŠHFã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ããã®æã¬ã¹ã¯
HFãDFãH2ããã³N2ã§ãããN2ã¯ã¬ãŒã¶ã¬ã¹
ãå·åŽããããã«äœ¿çšãããã
HFãDFãH2ããã³N2ã§ãããN2ã¯ã¬ãŒã¶ã¬ã¹
ãå·åŽããããã«äœ¿çšãããã
ãã®çºæã§ã¯Liãåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšããŠçšããHF
ã¬ãŒã¶æã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã¹ãæã¬ã¹ãšããããã®çµ
æã宀ïŒïŒã§ã¯äžèšåå¿ãçããã
ã¬ãŒã¶æã¬ã¹ãé€å»ãã¹ãæã¬ã¹ãšããããã®çµ
æã宀ïŒïŒã§ã¯äžèšåå¿ãçããã
HFïŒ2LiâLiHïŒLiF
H2ïŒ2Liâ2LiH
N2ïŒ6Liâ2Li3N
ïŒåã®ããºã«ã䜿çšãã以å€ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®è£
眮ã
çšããçµæããã®HFã¬ãŒã¶æã¬ã¹ã®ã¬ã¹åžææ°
é床ã¯18ããªã¢ã«ïŒç§ïŒ0.4ïœïŒç§ïŒã§ãã€ãã
ãã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠã¯H2ãHFã®ã¿ã䜿çšããé
æ°ŽçŽ ã¯ååŠç¹æ§ãåãã§ããã®ã§çç¥ããã
çšããçµæããã®HFã¬ãŒã¶æã¬ã¹ã®ã¬ã¹åžææ°
é床ã¯18ããªã¢ã«ïŒç§ïŒ0.4ïœïŒç§ïŒã§ãã€ãã
ãã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠã¯H2ãHFã®ã¿ã䜿çšããé
æ°ŽçŽ ã¯ååŠç¹æ§ãåãã§ããã®ã§çç¥ããã
åžææ°æäœçµäºåŸãåºäœåå¿çæç©ãæ°Žãšåå¿
ãããããã®çµæãäžèšåå¿ãçããã
ãããããã®çµæãäžèšåå¿ãçããã
LiHïŒH2OâLiOHïŒH2
Li3NïŒ3H2Oâ3LiOHïŒNH3
LiOHã¯æ°Žã«æº¶ãã溶液ãšãããLiFã¯æ°Žæº¶æ§
ã§ãªããLiOH溶液äžã§ã¹ã©ãªãŒã圢æãããã
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®ç®¡ïŒïŒãä»ããŠæåºãã
ããNH3ããã³H2ã¯ã¬ã¹ãšããŠé£æ£ããã
ã§ãªããLiOH溶液äžã§ã¹ã©ãªãŒã圢æãããã
ã®ã¹ã©ãªãŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®ç®¡ïŒïŒãä»ããŠæåºãã
ããNH3ããã³H2ã¯ã¬ã¹ãšããŠé£æ£ããã
ãã®çºæã¯åè¿°ã®åŸæ¥ã®åºäœãããååŠãã³ã
ã®æ¬ ç¹ãå æããããšãã§ãããæåã«ãã®çºæ
ã¯åŸæ¥ã®åºäœãããCaãã³ããããåçŽã§ããã
äœã³ã¹ãã§ããããã®çºæã¯åãéšåãæããªã
ã®ã§ã補é ã容æã§ããã粟å¯ãªæ§æç©åãå¿ èŠ
ãšãããå䜿çšå¯èœã§ãããæä¹ æ§ç空ãå¿ èŠãš
ããªããããã«ããã®çºæã®å®æœã«åœã€ãŠãåºç¯
ãªç®¡çãç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšããªããããã«ãã®çºæã¯åŸ
æ¥ã®å®å šæ§ãå®æœå®¹ææ§ã«ã€ããŠã®åé¡ã解決ã
ãããšãã§ãããäžèšã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ãšããŠãåž
販ã®ã€ã³ãŽããã®åœ¢ã®åºäœãªããŠã ã䜿çšãã
ããããã¯åŸæ¥ã®Caãã¬ãããšæ¯èŒããŠå®å šæ§
ãé«ãã空æ°äžã§åæ±ãããšãã§ãããããã«æ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯åŸæ¥ã®ãã³ãã®å±éºãªææ¯çæç©
é€å»ã®åé¡ã軜æžãããããšãã§ããããªããªã
ã°ãåå¿çæç©ãåºäœãšããŠåŸãããããã§ã
ããåå¿å®€å ã®å£é¢ãåºé¢ã«æåºããåå¿çæç©
ã¯æ°Žãšã®å¶åŸ¡ãããåå¿ã«ãã溶液ãšããŠæµåºã
ããããšãã§ããããªããŠã åå¿ç©ã䜿çšããå Ž
åãåã«åå¿ç©å®¹åšãæž æµã«ããæ°ãããªãªããŠ
ã ã€ã³ãŽãããå ¥ããããšã«ãããåã³ãã³ããš
ããŠå®¹æã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã
ã®æ¬ ç¹ãå æããããšãã§ãããæåã«ãã®çºæ
ã¯åŸæ¥ã®åºäœãããCaãã³ããããåçŽã§ããã
äœã³ã¹ãã§ããããã®çºæã¯åãéšåãæããªã
ã®ã§ã補é ã容æã§ããã粟å¯ãªæ§æç©åãå¿ èŠ
ãšãããå䜿çšå¯èœã§ãããæä¹ æ§ç空ãå¿ èŠãš
ããªããããã«ããã®çºæã®å®æœã«åœã€ãŠãåºç¯
ãªç®¡çãç¹ã«å¿ èŠãšããªããããã«ãã®çºæã¯åŸ
æ¥ã®å®å šæ§ãå®æœå®¹ææ§ã«ã€ããŠã®åé¡ã解決ã
ãããšãã§ãããäžèšã®å¥œãŸããæ æ§ãšããŠãåž
販ã®ã€ã³ãŽããã®åœ¢ã®åºäœãªããŠã ã䜿çšãã
ããããã¯åŸæ¥ã®Caãã¬ãããšæ¯èŒããŠå®å šæ§
ãé«ãã空æ°äžã§åæ±ãããšãã§ãããããã«æ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯åŸæ¥ã®ãã³ãã®å±éºãªææ¯çæç©
é€å»ã®åé¡ã軜æžãããããšãã§ããããªããªã
ã°ãåå¿çæç©ãåºäœãšããŠåŸãããããã§ã
ããåå¿å®€å ã®å£é¢ãåºé¢ã«æåºããåå¿çæç©
ã¯æ°Žãšã®å¶åŸ¡ãããåå¿ã«ãã溶液ãšããŠæµåºã
ããããšãã§ããããªããŠã åå¿ç©ã䜿çšããå Ž
åãåã«åå¿ç©å®¹åšãæž æµã«ããæ°ãããªãªããŠ
ã ã€ã³ãŽãããå ¥ããããšã«ãããåã³ãã³ããš
ããŠå®¹æã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããã
äžè¿°ã®åŠãåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã®Caãã¬ããã®ç±é£æ£
æ§äžè¯ã«ããå éšç±ã®èç©ã®åé¡ãæ¬çºæã«ãã
解決ããããšãã§ããããã®çºæã«ããã°åºäœã
ããCaãã³ããšæ¯èŒããŠç±é£æ£å¹çãé«ãã®ã§
å±éºãªæž©åºŠäžæã®åé¡ã軜æžããããšãã§ããã
ããªãã¡ããã®çºæã§ã¯ç±ã¯åå¿å®¹åšã®å£é¢ãžã®
茻å°ãå£é¢ãžã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®ä»çã察æµçã«ãã
é£æ£ãããããšãã§ãããé«æž©ã«ãããŠã¯èŒ»å°ã¯
倧ããªç±ç§»åã®æ段ãšãªããåå¿é床ãšèŒ»å°ã«ã
ãç±ç§»åã¯ç²åã®è¡šé¢ç©ã«æ¯äŸãããåå¿é床ã®
å¢å€§ã¯ç±é£æ£ãå¢å€§ãããå®å®ãªåå¿ç¶æ ãä¿
ã¡ã枩床äžæãããããã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãªã
ããããã®çºæã«ãããŠãåžææ°é床ãå¢å€§ãã
ãããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã®è¡šé¢ç©ãå¢å ãããã
ãã«ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åããéå°ã®æž©åºŠäžæãçºç
ããªãããã«ããããšãã§ããã
æ§äžè¯ã«ããå éšç±ã®èç©ã®åé¡ãæ¬çºæã«ãã
解決ããããšãã§ããããã®çºæã«ããã°åºäœã
ããCaãã³ããšæ¯èŒããŠç±é£æ£å¹çãé«ãã®ã§
å±éºãªæž©åºŠäžæã®åé¡ã軜æžããããšãã§ããã
ããªãã¡ããã®çºæã§ã¯ç±ã¯åå¿å®¹åšã®å£é¢ãžã®
茻å°ãå£é¢ãžã®ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®ä»çã察æµçã«ãã
é£æ£ãããããšãã§ãããé«æž©ã«ãããŠã¯èŒ»å°ã¯
倧ããªç±ç§»åã®æ段ãšãªããåå¿é床ãšèŒ»å°ã«ã
ãç±ç§»åã¯ç²åã®è¡šé¢ç©ã«æ¯äŸãããåå¿é床ã®
å¢å€§ã¯ç±é£æ£ãå¢å€§ãããå®å®ãªåå¿ç¶æ ãä¿
ã¡ã枩床äžæãããããã«ããããšã«ãã€ãŠãªã
ããããã®çºæã«ãããŠãåžææ°é床ãå¢å€§ãã
ãããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åã®è¡šé¢ç©ãå¢å ãããã
ãã«ããŠãšã¢ãŸãŒã«åããéå°ã®æž©åºŠäžæãçºç
ããªãããã«ããããšãã§ããã
ãã®çºæã¯ããã«åŸæ¥æ³ã§ã¯å®¹æã«åŸãããªã
ãããªå©ç¹ãæãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®éèŠãª
å©ç¹ã¯åºç¯ãªæäœå§åã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã
ãšã§ãããæå®ã®å§åã枩床ã«ãããŠãæŸå°ãã
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç©è³ªã®åäœåœãã®åžææ°é床ã¯ãšã¢
ãŸãŒã«ã®å šæ¯è¡šé¢ç©ASãè¡šé¢ååŠé床å®æ°KSã«
æ¯äŸããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®å šæ¯è¡šé¢ç©ã¯äžèšåŒã«åŸ
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸãå€ããããšã«ããå€åãã
ãããšãã§ããã
ãããªå©ç¹ãæãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®éèŠãª
å©ç¹ã¯åºç¯ãªæäœå§åã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã
ãšã§ãããæå®ã®å§åã枩床ã«ãããŠãæŸå°ãã
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç©è³ªã®åäœåœãã®åžææ°é床ã¯ãšã¢
ãŸãŒã«ã®å šæ¯è¡šé¢ç©ASãè¡šé¢ååŠé床å®æ°KSã«
æ¯äŸããããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®å šæ¯è¡šé¢ç©ã¯äžèšåŒã«åŸ
ããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸãå€ããããšã«ããå€åãã
ãããšãã§ããã
ASïŒïŒïŒÏdOcm2ïŒgr
ASïŒãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®æ¯è¡šé¢ç©
ÏïŒãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®ããå¯åºŠïŒgrïŒcm3ïŒ
dOïŒãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸïŒcmïŒ
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒããºã«ã®åœ¢ç¶ãã
ã³äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ã«ãã液äœã®ããºã«ééå§åã«ãã
調æŽããããšãã§ããããããã€ãŠããã®çºæã§
ã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸãå€ããããšã«ãããåºãç¯
å²ã®æµéã§å¹æçã«åžææ°ããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ããLiæµéãåå¿å®¹åšã®å¯žæ³ãé©åœã«å®ããããš
ã«ãããåºç¯ãªã¬ã¹æµéäžã§æ¬çºæãå®æœããã
ãšãã§ãããå°ãªããšãã10ã¢ã«ïŒç§ã®åžææ°ã
å¯èœã§ãããããã«åå¿ç©ãç©æ¥µçã«å·åŽããå Ž
åããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã³ãæäœã®æéã¯èç©ãããŠã
ãåå¿ç©ã®éã®ã¿ã«ããå¶éãåããããšã«ãªã
ãããããã€ãŠãæäœæéã¯çããã«ã¹ã®ãã®ã
ãé£ç¶æäœãªã©ã«çš®ã å€åãããããšãã§ãã
ããããã«ãã®çºæã¯å§å0.01ãªããïŒæ°å§ã®ç¯
å²ã300ç§ãŸã§ã®æéã§å®æœããããšã確èªãã
ãã
ã³äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ã«ãã液äœã®ããºã«ééå§åã«ãã
調æŽããããšãã§ããããããã€ãŠããã®çºæã§
ã¯ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ã®çŽåŸãå€ããããšã«ãããåºãç¯
å²ã®æµéã§å¹æçã«åžææ°ããããšãå¯èœã§ã
ããLiæµéãåå¿å®¹åšã®å¯žæ³ãé©åœã«å®ããããš
ã«ãããåºç¯ãªã¬ã¹æµéäžã§æ¬çºæãå®æœããã
ãšãã§ãããå°ãªããšãã10ã¢ã«ïŒç§ã®åžææ°ã
å¯èœã§ãããããã«åå¿ç©ãç©æ¥µçã«å·åŽããå Ž
åããšã¢ãŸãŒã«ãã³ãæäœã®æéã¯èç©ãããŠã
ãåå¿ç©ã®éã®ã¿ã«ããå¶éãåããããšã«ãªã
ãããããã€ãŠãæäœæéã¯çããã«ã¹ã®ãã®ã
ãé£ç¶æäœãªã©ã«çš®ã å€åãããããšãã§ãã
ããããã«ãã®çºæã¯å§å0.01ãªããïŒæ°å§ã®ç¯
å²ã300ç§ãŸã§ã®æéã§å®æœããããšã確èªãã
ãã
ããã«æ¬çºæãåŸæ¥æ³ãããæå©ãªç¹ã¯è£
眮ã
ãã軜éãå°åã§ãããšããããšã§ãããååŠã¬
ãŒã¶ãšã®é¢é£ã§äœ¿çšããå ŽåãåŸæ¥ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ã
ã³ãã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã®å šééã®75ïŒ ã«ãéããããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ããã10ã30ééïŒ ã§æžãããšã«
ãªããæ¬çºæã®è£ 眮ã®å°åã軜éåã¯ç©ºäžåã¯å®
å®ã§ã®äœ¿çšã«ç¹ã«æå©ãšãªãã
ãã軜éãå°åã§ãããšããããšã§ãããååŠã¬
ãŒã¶ãšã®é¢é£ã§äœ¿çšããå ŽåãåŸæ¥ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ã
ã³ãã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã®å šééã®75ïŒ ã«ãéããããæ¬
çºæã«ãããŠã¯ããã10ã30ééïŒ ã§æžãããšã«
ãªããæ¬çºæã®è£ 眮ã®å°åã軜éåã¯ç©ºäžåã¯å®
å®ã§ã®äœ¿çšã«ç¹ã«æå©ãšãªãã
ããã«ãæ¬çºæã®å©ç¹ã¯ãã³ãã®ãµã€ãºãå¿
èŠ
ãšããæäœæéã«åãããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãè¡
æä¿æ°ãå°ãããªããšããããšã§ããã
ãšããæäœæéã«åãããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãè¡
æä¿æ°ãå°ãããªããšããããšã§ããã
ããã«ããã®çºæã¯çæéïŒããªãã¡ããã«ã¹
åãããïŒã®åžææ°æéãèŠããäœå§ã§é«ã¬ã¹æµ
éãåŸãããã®ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ã«å¥œé©ã§ã
ããããã«æ¬çºæã䜿çšããããšã«ããHFãDF
çã®æ¯æ§æã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§ããã
åãããïŒã®åžææ°æéãèŠããäœå§ã§é«ã¬ã¹æµ
éãåŸãããã®ååŠã¬ãŒã¶ã·ã¹ãã ã«å¥œé©ã§ã
ããããã«æ¬çºæã䜿çšããããšã«ããHFãDF
çã®æ¯æ§æã¬ã¹ãé€å»ããããšãã§ããã
ãã®ããã«ãæ¬çºæã¯åŸæ¥æ³ã®æ¬ ç¹ãããšã
ã°ãè€éæ§ãè²»çšãå®å šæ§ãå®æœå®¹ææ§ãç±ç§»å
ã«ã€ããŠã®åé¡ã解決ãåŸãã ãã§ãªããåžææ°
é床ãæäœå§åã®åºç¯å²ã«ãããŠå®æœããããšã
ã§ãããã€å°åã軜éåãå³ãããšãã§ãããªã©
ã®å©ç¹ãæããã
ã°ãè€éæ§ãè²»çšãå®å šæ§ãå®æœå®¹ææ§ãç±ç§»å
ã«ã€ããŠã®åé¡ã解決ãåŸãã ãã§ãªããåžææ°
é床ãæäœå§åã®åºç¯å²ã«ãããŠå®æœããããšã
ã§ãããã€å°åã軜éåãå³ãããšãã§ãããªã©
ã®å©ç¹ãæããã
以äžãæ¬çºæã奜ãŸããå®æœæ
æ§ã«åºã¥ããŠèª¬
æããããæ¬çºæã®èŠæšãéžè±ããªãéããåœæ¥
è ãé©å®å€æŽããããšãå¯èœã§ãããããããã€
ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç¯å²ã¯ãã®ãããªå€æŽãå«ããåå¿æ§
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãçšããåžææ°æ¹æ³ã§ããããšã¯
æããã§ããããªããåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšããŠã¯äžè¿°ã®
åºäœç¶ã®ãã®ã®ã»ãã液ç¶ã®ãã®ã䜿çšãåŸãã
ãŸãæ¬çºæã®è£ 眮ã«ã€ããŠãé©å®å€æŽå¯èœã§ã
ããããšãã°å¯žæ³ãéå£éšãããšãã°æã¬ã¹å ¥
å£ãåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«æµå ¥å£çã®äœçœ®ã«ã€ããŠã
äžèšå®æœäŸã«éããé©å®å€æŽãåŸãã
æããããæ¬çºæã®èŠæšãéžè±ããªãéããåœæ¥
è ãé©å®å€æŽããããšãå¯èœã§ãããããããã€
ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç¯å²ã¯ãã®ãããªå€æŽãå«ããåå¿æ§
ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«ç²åãçšããåžææ°æ¹æ³ã§ããããšã¯
æããã§ããããªããåå¿æ§ç©è³ªãšããŠã¯äžè¿°ã®
åºäœç¶ã®ãã®ã®ã»ãã液ç¶ã®ãã®ã䜿çšãåŸãã
ãŸãæ¬çºæã®è£ 眮ã«ã€ããŠãé©å®å€æŽå¯èœã§ã
ããããšãã°å¯žæ³ãéå£éšãããšãã°æã¬ã¹å ¥
å£ãåå¿æ§ãšã¢ãŸãŒã«æµå ¥å£çã®äœçœ®ã«ã€ããŠã
äžèšå®æœäŸã«éããé©å®å€æŽãåŸãã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US96068178A | 1978-11-13 | 1978-11-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS55500915A JPS55500915A (ja) | 1980-11-06 |
JPS6350553B2 true JPS6350553B2 (ja) | 1988-10-11 |
Family
ID=25503478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP55500105A Expired JPS6350553B2 (ja) | 1978-11-13 | 1979-11-01 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0020684B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS6350553B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2965949D1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL58527A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1980000922A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE464686B (sv) * | 1988-11-30 | 1991-06-03 | Boliden Contech Ab | Foerfarande foer avskiljning av dioxiner och liknande ytterst toxiska organiska foeroreningar fraan en gas |
US6193936B1 (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2001-02-27 | Nanogram Corporation | Reactant delivery apparatuses |
US7435391B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2008-10-14 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Light-mediated micro-chemical reactors |
US7391936B2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2008-06-24 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Microfluidic sensors and methods for making the same |
US7780813B2 (en) | 2005-06-09 | 2010-08-24 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Electric field mediated chemical reactors |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1451399A (en) * | 1918-02-08 | 1923-04-10 | Weaver Company | Process of producing halogen acids |
GB481467A (en) * | 1936-04-25 | 1938-03-11 | Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As | Process for the treatment of gases from furnaces for the production of aluminium |
NL250159A (ja) * | 1959-05-29 | |||
US3172609A (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1965-03-09 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Apparatus for disintegrating aggregates of solid material |
US3210915A (en) * | 1961-03-29 | 1965-10-12 | Bendix Balzers Vacuum Inc | Sorption pump for pumping off gases and vapors |
NL281625A (ja) * | 1961-08-01 | |||
US3135474A (en) * | 1961-10-13 | 1964-06-02 | George R Schold | Apparatus and method for dispersing finely divided solid particles in a vehicle |
BE647721A (ja) * | 1964-05-11 | 1964-11-12 | ||
US3552912A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1971-01-05 | Corning Glass Works | Method of removing sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide from gases |
DE2331156B2 (de) * | 1973-06-19 | 1978-05-24 | Stahlwerke Roechling - Burbach Gmbh, 6620 Voelklingen | Vorrichtung zum Beseitigen von in Abgasen enthaltenen gasförmigen Schadstoffen |
US3969482A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1976-07-13 | Teller Environmental Systems, Inc. | Abatement of high concentrations of acid gas emissions |
US3956532A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1976-05-11 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Recovery of metal halides |
-
1979
- 1979-10-22 IL IL58527A patent/IL58527A/xx unknown
- 1979-11-01 JP JP55500105A patent/JPS6350553B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1979-11-01 WO PCT/US1979/000933 patent/WO1980000922A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1979-11-01 DE DE8080900039T patent/DE2965949D1/de not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-05-20 EP EP80900039A patent/EP0020684B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL58527A0 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
WO1980000922A1 (en) | 1980-05-15 |
IL58527A (en) | 1982-09-30 |
EP0020684A4 (en) | 1981-03-09 |
DE2965949D1 (en) | 1983-08-25 |
EP0020684B1 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
JPS55500915A (ja) | 1980-11-06 |
EP0020684A1 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6274093B1 (en) | Self-regulating hydrogen generator | |
US20020166286A1 (en) | Storage, generation, and use of hydrogen | |
JPS6068043A (ja) | ã¬ã¹ç¶çæç©ã®é£ç¶ç補é æ¹æ³ããã³è£ 眮 | |
JPH059075Y2 (ja) | ||
JP4998772B2 (ja) | ãã€ãã¬ãŒãã®è£œé è£ çœ® | |
JPS6350553B2 (ja) | ||
US4444734A (en) | Process for pumping gases using a chemically reactive aerosol | |
JP5271545B2 (ja) | æ°ŽçŽ çºçæ¹æ³ãæ°ŽçŽ çºçè£ çœ®åã³è§Šåª | |
US20220347499A1 (en) | Portable System for the Production of Oxygen | |
RU2397143C2 (ru) | СпПÑПб пПлÑÑÐµÐœÐžÑ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐŸÐŸÐ±ÑазМПгП ÑÑПÑа | |
JP2016204177A (ja) | æ°ŽçŽ çºçæ¹æ³åã³æ°ŽçŽ çºçè£ çœ® | |
JPS6369710A (ja) | è€åç²æ«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ããã³ãã®è£ 眮 | |
JP2003226502A (ja) | æ°ŽçŽ çºçè£ çœ®åã³æ¹æ³ | |
US7116696B2 (en) | Efficient method and apparatus for generating singlet delta oxygen at an elevated pressure | |
JP2002220201A (ja) | ãã€ã¯ãæ³¢æŸé»ã«ããæ°Žèžæ°ããã®æ°ŽçŽ 補é æ³ | |
US20120009119A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for generating hydrogen | |
RU2735285C1 (ru) | СпПÑПб пПлÑÑÐµÐœÐžÑ ÐºÐŸÐŒÐ¿ÑОЌОÑПваММПгП вПЎПÑПЎа О ÑÑÑÑПйÑÑвП ÐŽÐ»Ñ ÐµÐ³ÐŸ ПÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐœÐžÑ | |
US4324765A (en) | Apparatus for pumping gases using a chemically reactive aerosol | |
JP4314015B2 (ja) | å¯æ¬åŒè¶ é«çŽåºŠã¢ã»ãã¬ã³äŸçµŠè£ 眮 | |
KR20060111572A (ko) | ì°ìë°ì ë°©ë² ë° ì¥ì¹ | |
JPS5945901A (ja) | æ°ŽçŽ åžèµç©è³ªã®æ°ŽçŽ æŸåºæ¹æ³ããã³è£ 眮 | |
JPH0587799B2 (ja) | ||
JP6259849B2 (ja) | æ°ŽçŽ çºçæ¹æ³åã³æ°ŽçŽ çºçè£ çœ® | |
CN116902922B (zh) | äžç§å¶å€å·¥äžçº§äºæ°åæ°¯çè£ çœ®åå¶å€æ¹æ³ | |
JP3609619B2 (ja) | ããçŽ äŸçµŠã·ã¹ãã ãããçŽ äŸçµŠè£ 眮åã³ã¬ã¹åå©çšã·ã¹ãã |