JPH11508201A - 被覆の方法、セラミック−金属構造物の製造方法、接着方法、及びそれらにより形成された構造物 - Google Patents
被覆の方法、セラミック−金属構造物の製造方法、接着方法、及びそれらにより形成された構造物Info
- Publication number
- JPH11508201A JPH11508201A JP9503869A JP50386997A JPH11508201A JP H11508201 A JPH11508201 A JP H11508201A JP 9503869 A JP9503869 A JP 9503869A JP 50386997 A JP50386997 A JP 50386997A JP H11508201 A JPH11508201 A JP H11508201A
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- metal
- ceramic
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- powder particles
- reactive
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4507—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application using keying elements, e.g. particulate material, to facilitate the adherence of coating layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/42—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/45—Inorganic continuous phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
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- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
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- C04B2237/366—Aluminium nitride
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- C04B2237/59—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/61—Joining two substrates of which at least one is porous by infiltrating the porous substrate with a liquid, such as a molten metal, causing bonding of the two substrates, e.g. joining two porous carbon substrates by infiltrating with molten silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1036—Bending of one piece blank and joining edges to form article
- Y10T156/1038—Hollow cylinder article
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 非湿潤性の流動化可能材料により湿潤性でない、基材の表面上に、非湿 潤性の流動化可能材料を被覆させる方法であって、その方法は: (a)基材表面上に、非湿潤性の流動化可能材料により湿潤性である粉末粒子 の層を付着させること; (b)粉末粒子の層に、非湿潤性の流動化可能材料を接触させること;並びに (c)非湿潤性の流動化可能材料が、層中の粉末粒子の間に浸透しそして基材 の表面に接触することを可能にさせ、それにより基材の表面を、非湿潤性の流動 化可能材料で被覆させること、 を含んでなる。 2. 非湿潤性の流動化可能材料が熔融可能材料であり、そして前記の方法が 更に、粉末粒子の層と接触している間に、熔融可能材料を加熱することを含んで なり、ただし該加熱が、熔融可能材料が粉末粒子間に浸透するような高温で、そ して十分な時間にわたり実施される、請求の範囲第1項の方法。 3. 基材が金属、ガラス、セラミック、及びセラミックと金属の複合物から 選択される物質から形成されている、請求の範囲第1項の方法。 4. 粉末粒子が、金属、セラミック及びそれらの混合物から選択された物質 から形成されている、請求の範囲第1項の方法。 5. 粉末粒子の層が1から500マイクロメーターの厚さを有する、請求の 範囲第1項の方法。 6. 粉末粒子が、0.1マイクロメーターから50マイクロメータ ーの平均粉末度を有する、請求の範囲第1項の方法。 7. 粉末粒子の層が、50から90パーセントの多孔度を有する、請求の範 囲第1項の方法。 8. 非湿潤性の流動化可能材料が有機流体、無機流体、ポリマー材料、ガラ ス、及び金属から選択される、請求の範囲第1項の方法。 9. 非湿潤性流動化可能材料が流動化された時、それと、粉末粒子を形成し ている物質の稠密な物体(dense body)との間の接触角度が45°未満である、 請求の範囲第1項の方法。 10. 非湿潤性の流動化可能材料が、その上に非湿潤性流動化可能材料が被 覆されている基材の表面の、少なくとも50パーセントと接触している、請求の 範囲第1項の方法。 11. 非湿潤性金属により湿潤性でないセラミック基材の表面上に、非湿潤 性の金属を被覆させる方法であって、該方法は: (a)セラミック基材の表面上に、非湿潤性金属により湿潤性であり、0.1 マイクロメーターから50マイクロメーターの平均粉末度を有し、そして、金属 、セラミック、及びそれらの混合物から選択される物質から形成されている粉末 粒子の層を、1から500マイクロメーターの厚さで、50から90パーセント の多孔度で付着させること; (b)粉末粒子層に非湿潤性金属を接触させること;並びに (c)粉末粒子の層と接触させている間に、非湿潤性金属を加熱すること、た だし、該加熱は、非湿潤性金属が粉末粒子間に浸透して、セラミックの基材の表 面に接触し、それによりセラミック基材表面を非湿潤性金属で被覆させ、そして 非湿潤性金属が、粉末粒子層により被覆された基材表面の少なくとも50パーセ ントに接触するような高温にそして 十分な期間にわたり実施される、 を含んでなる。 12. 固体の基材上に、非湿潤性の流動化可能材料を含む層状構造物であっ て、該構造物は: (a)固体の基材; (b)非湿潤性の流動化可能材料により湿潤性でない固体の基材の表面上に接 着された、非湿潤性流動化可能材料の被膜;並びに (c)非湿潤性の流動化可能材料の被膜中に分散された、非湿潤性流動化可能 材料により湿潤性である粉末粒子、 を含んでなる。 13. 非湿潤性の流動化可能材料が熔融可能な材料である、請求の範囲第1 2項の構造物。 14. 固体基材が、金属、ガラス、セラミック、及び、セラミックと金属の 複合物からなる群から選択される物質から形成されている、請求の範囲第12項 の構造物。 15. 粉末粒子が、金属、セラミック、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から 選択される物質から形成されている、請求の範囲第12項の構造物。 16. 分散粉末粒子が、1から500マイクロメーターの厚さをもつ層状で ある、請求の範囲第12項の構造物。 17. 粉末粒子が0.1マイクロメーターから50マイクロメーターの平均 粉末度を有する、請求の範囲第12項構造物。 18. 非湿潤性流動化可能な材料が、有機流体、無機流体、ポリマー材料、 ガラス、及び金属から選択される、請求の範囲第12項の構造 物。 19. 非湿潤性の流動化可能な材料が、流動化された場合、それと粉末粒子 を形成している物質の稠密な物体との間の接触角度が45°未満である、請求の 範囲第12項の構造物。 20. 非湿潤性流動化可能な材料の層が、その上に非湿潤性流動化可能な材 料が被覆されている固体基材の表面に、実質的に連続的に接触している、請求の 範囲第12項の構造物。 21. セラミック基材上に非湿潤性金属を含む層状構造物であって、該構造 物が: (a)セラミック基材; (b)非湿潤性の金属材料により湿潤性でない、セラミック基材の表面上に実 質的に連続的に付着された非湿潤性の金属被膜;並びに (c)非湿潤性金属の被膜中に分散された、0.1マイクロメーターから50 マイクロメーターの平均粉末度を有し、非湿潤性流動化可能な材料により湿潤性 であり、金属、セラミック、及びそれらの混合物から選択される物質から形成さ れ、そして、1から500マイクロメーターの厚さを有する層状になっている粉 末粒子、 を含んでなる。 22. セラミック−金属テープの製造方法であって: (a)固体の成型物上に非湿潤性のセラミックの粉末粒子の層を付着させるこ と; (b)非湿潤性セラミック粉末の層上に湿潤性の粉末の層を付着させること; (c)湿潤性粉末の層に金属を接触させること; (d)金属が熔融し、そして、湿潤性粉末の層を通過して、そして非湿潤性セ ラミック粉末の層に接触している湿潤性粉末の個々の粒子の周囲に浸透して、金 属浸透構造物を形成するような温度に、金属を加熱すること;並びに (e)金属浸透構造物を冷却して金属を固化させ、それにより固体成型物上に セラミック−金属テープを形成させること、 を含んでなる方法であって、 ただし非湿潤性のセラミック粉末は熔融金属により湿潤性でなく、そして湿潤性 粉末は熔解金属により湿潤性である。 23. 加熱過程に暴露される時、非湿潤性セラミック粉末が固体成型物に接 着しない、請求の範囲第22項の方法。 24. 更に、 (f)固体成型物からセラミック−金属テープを取り外す: 過程を含んでなる、請求の範囲第22項の方法。 25. セラミック−金属構造物の製造方法であって、 (a)固体成型物上に、非湿潤性のセラミック粉末の層を付着させること; (b)非湿潤性のセラミック粉末の層上に湿潤性粉末の層を付着させること; (c)湿潤性粉末の層に金属を接触させること; (d)金属が熔融し、そして湿潤性粉末の層を通過して、そして非湿潤性のセ ラミック粉末の層に接触している湿潤性粉末の個々の粒子の周囲に浸透して、金 属浸透構造物を形成するような温度に、金属を加熱すること; (e)金属浸透構造物を冷却して金属を固化させ、それにより固体成型物上に セラミック−金属テープを形成させること、ただし、非湿潤性セラミック粉末は 熔融金属により湿潤性でなく、そして湿潤性粉末は熔融金属により湿潤性である ; (g)少なくとも1種類のその他のセラミック−金属テープとともに、セラミ ック−金属テープを層状にすること;並びに (h)層状のセラミック−金属テープを互いに接着させそしてセラミック−金 属構造物を形成させるような温度に、層状セラミック−金属テープを加熱するこ と; を含んでなる方法。 26. セラミック体を互いに接着させる方法であって: (a)第1のセラミック体の表面を非反応性の粉末粒子及び反応性粉末粒子で 被覆すること; (b)第2のセラミック体の表面を第1のセラミック体の被覆された表面に隣 接させること; (c)第1のセラミック体及び第2にセラミック体の間の被膜を金属と接触さ せること、ただし、非反応性粉末粒子は金属と非反応性であり、そして反応性粉 末粒子は金属と反応性である; (d)金属が、個々の粉末粒子の周囲の、粉末粒子の被膜を通過して浸透して 、そして2種のセラミック体に接触するような温度に、十分な時間にわたり、金 属を加熱すること;並びに (e)金属が固化するまで浸透金属を冷却し、それにより2種のセラミック体 を互いに接着させること: を含んでなる方法。 27. 非反応性粉末粒子及び反応性粉末粒子の被膜が非反応性粉末粒子及び 反応性粉末粒子の混合物である、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 28. 非反応性粉末粒子及び反応性粉末粒子の被膜が、第1のセラミック体 の表面に隣接する反応性粉末粒子の層、並びに、反応性粉末粒子の層上に被覆さ れた非反応性粉末粒子の層、を含み、 該方法が更に、反応性粉末粒子の層で、第2のセラミック体の表面を被覆する ことを含んでなり、 第2のセラミック体の表面を、第1のセラミック体の被覆された表面と接触さ せる過程が、第2のセラミック体の被覆された表面を、第1のセラミック体の被 覆された表面と接触させることを含む、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 29. 反応性及び非反応性粉末粒子の粒子の大きさが0.1から10マイク ロメーターである、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 30. 反応性及び非反応性粉末粒子がセラミックである、請求の範囲第26 項の方法。 31. 非反応性粉末粒子及び反応性粉末粒子の被膜が、第1のセラミック体 の表面に隣接している反応性粉末粒子の層、及び、反応性粉末粒子の層上に被覆 された非反応性粉末粒子の層、を含み、反応性粉末粒子の層が、0.5から10 0マイクロメーターの厚さであり、そして非反応性粉末粒子の層が0.5から2 5マイクロメーターの厚さである、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 32. 非反応性粉末粒子及び反応性粉末粒子の被膜が、第1のセラミック体 の表面に隣接する反応性粉末粒子の層、並びに反応性粉末粒子の層上に被覆され た非反応性粉末粒子の層、を含み、反応性粉末粒子の 層が、50から90パーセントの多孔度を有し、そして非反応性粉末粒子の層が 60から90パーセントの多孔度を有する、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 33. 金属の接触が、2種のセラミック体の間に金属を置くことにより実施 される、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 34. 金属の接触が、被膜の外側部分を金属と接触させることにより実施さ れる、請求の範囲第26項の方法。 35. 少なくとも2種のセラミックの物体を有する層状の構造物であって、 該層状構造物が: (a)第1のセラミック体; (b)第1のセラミック体に接着された、反応性材料、非反応性材料、及び金 属を含有する金属浸透層;並びに (c)金属浸透層に接着された第2のセラミック体、 を含んでなり、 ただし、反応性材料は金属に反応性であり、そして非反応性材料は金属に非反応 性である。 36. 金属浸透層中で、セラミック体の近辺に、非反応性材料よりも、より 高い濃度の反応性材料が存在する、請求の範囲第35項の層状構造物。 37. 反応性及び非反応性材料がセラミックである、請求の範囲第35項の 層状構造物。 38. 金属浸透層が、セラミック体それぞれの近辺に、0.5から100マ イクロメーターの厚さの、反応性材料の高濃度層を含む、請求の範囲第35項の 層状構造物。
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PCT/US1996/010180 WO1997000734A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-24 | Method of coating, method for making ceramic-metal structures, method for bonding, and structures formed thereby |
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1995
- 1995-06-23 US US08/494,125 patent/US6123797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-06-24 DE DE69623020T patent/DE69623020T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-24 EP EP96923296A patent/EP0833698B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-24 AT AT96923296T patent/ATE222145T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-24 KR KR1019970709645A patent/KR100432075B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-24 WO PCT/US1996/010180 patent/WO1997000734A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-24 JP JP50386997A patent/JP4115521B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-28 TW TW085107845A patent/TW408092B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-29 MY MYPI96002684A patent/MY132223A/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-07-09 JP JP2007179433A patent/JP2008012922A/ja active Pending
- 2007-08-17 JP JP2007212986A patent/JP2008024589A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20210097908A (ko) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-10 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 광 소결용 세라믹 페이스트 및 세라믹의 광 소결 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2008024589A (ja) | 2008-02-07 |
KR100432075B1 (ko) | 2004-08-16 |
DE69623020D1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
ATE222145T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
WO1997000734A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
TW408092B (en) | 2000-10-11 |
EP0833698A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
EP0833698B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
KR19990028330A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
DE69623020T2 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
MY132223A (en) | 2007-09-28 |
JP2008012922A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
US6123797A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
JP4115521B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
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