JPH11508027A - 天然ガスの液化および処理方法 - Google Patents
天然ガスの液化および処理方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH11508027A JPH11508027A JP9503592A JP50359297A JPH11508027A JP H11508027 A JPH11508027 A JP H11508027A JP 9503592 A JP9503592 A JP 9503592A JP 50359297 A JP50359297 A JP 50359297A JP H11508027 A JPH11508027 A JP H11508027A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- liquid
- refrigerant
- fractionation column
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003918 fraction a Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/028—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
- F25J3/029—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
- F25J1/0267—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using flash gas as heat sink
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
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- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/18—External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 低沸点を有する成分を含有した天然ガスを液化および処理するに際し: (a) 天然ガスを液化圧力にて主熱交換器の生成物側に通過させ; (b) 冷却された液化冷媒を冷媒圧力で主熱交換器の低温側に導入して、冷却 された冷媒を主熱交換器の低温側にて冷媒圧力で蒸発させて蒸気冷媒を冷媒圧力 にて得ると共に蒸気冷媒を主熱交換器の低温側から除去し; (c) 液化ガスを液化圧力にて主熱交換器の生成物側から除去し; (d) 液化ガスを外部熱交換器の高温側に通過させて冷却液化ガスを得; (e) 冷却液化ガスを低圧力まで膨脹させて膨脹流体を得、この膨脹の少なく とも1部を動的に行い; (f〕 膨脹流体を、分画カラムの上部と下部との間に配置された接触セクショ ンが設けられた分画カラムの上部に導入し; (g) 膨脹流体の液体を下方向に接触セクションに流過させ; (h) 分画カラムから、接触セクションより流出する液体を含んだ液体リサイ クル流を抜取り; (i) 液体リサイクル流を外部熱交換器の低温側に通過させて、加熱された2 −相流体を得; (j) 2−相流体の少なくとも蒸気を分画カラムにその下部と接触セクション との間で導入すると共に、蒸気を上方向に接触セクションに流過させ; (k) 2−相流体の液体の少なくとも1部を生成物容器に集めると共に、生成 物容器から低沸点を有する成分の減少含有量を有する液体生成物流を抜取り; (l) 分画カラムの上部から低沸点を有する成分が豊富なガス流を抜取ること を特徴とする天然ガスの液化および処理方法。 2. 工程(h)〜(k)が: (h′) 分画カラムから、接触セクションより流出する液体よりなる液体リサ イクル流を抜取り; (i′) 液体リサイクル流を外部熱交換器の低温側に通過させて、加熱された 2−相流体を得; (j′) 2−相流体の蒸気を分画カラムにその底部と接触セクションとの間で 導入すると共に、蒸気を上方向に接触セクションに流過させ; (k′) 2−相流体の液体を外部熱交換器の低温側に流体連通する生成物容器 に集めると共に、生成物容器から低沸点を有する成分の減少含有量を有する液体 生成物流を抜取る ことを含む請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 3. 工程(j)が2−相流体を分画カラムに底部と接触セクションとの間で導 入すると共に蒸気を上方向に接触セクションに流過させることからなり、さらに 工程(k)が2−相流体の液体を分画カラムの下部に集めると共に分画カラムの 下部から低沸点を有する成分の減少含有量を有する液体生成物流を抜き取ること からなる請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 4. 工程(h)が、分画カラムの下部にて接触セクションから流出する液体を 集めると共に分画カラムの下部から液体リサイクル流を抜き取ることから請求の 範囲第1項または第3項に記載の方法。 5. 工程(h)〜(k)が: (h″) 液体を接触セクションから分画カラムの下部におけるリサイクル容器 に集めると共に、リサイクル容器から液体リサイクル流を抜取り; (i″) 液体リサイクル流を外部熱交換器の低温側に通過させて、加熱された 2−相流体を得; (j″) 2−相流体を分画カラムに下部と接触セクションとの間で導入し、蒸 気を上方向に接触セクションに流過させると共に、液体の少なくとも1部を分画 カラムの下部に配置された生成物容器に集め; (k″) 生成物容器から低沸点を有する成分の減少含有量を有する液体生成物 流を抜取る ことからなる請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 6. 冷却された冷媒を冷媒圧力にて主熱交換器に導入する工程が、主熱交換器 から除去された蒸気冷媒を圧縮すると共に圧縮冷媒を冷却して部分凝縮した2− 相冷媒流体を高められた圧力にて得;部分凝縮した2−相冷媒流体を第1凝縮フ ラクションと第1蒸気フラクションとに分離し;第1凝縮フラクションを主熱交 換器の第1冷媒側で冷却して冷却第1凝縮フラクションを得;冷却第1凝縮フラ クションを膨脹させて膨脹流体を冷媒圧力にて得;膨脹の少なくとも1部を動的 に行い;膨脹流体を冷媒圧力にて主熱交換器の低温側で蒸発させ;第1蒸気フラ クションを主熱交換器の第2冷媒側で冷却して冷却第2凝縮フラクションを得; 冷却第2凝縮フラクションを冷媒圧力まで膨脹弁で膨脹させ;冷却第2凝縮フラ クションを主熱交換器の低温側にて冷媒圧力で蒸発させることからなる請求の範 囲第1〜5項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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EP95201709 | 1995-06-23 | ||
EP95201709.3 | 1995-06-23 | ||
PCT/EP1996/002760 WO1997001069A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-21 | Method of liquefying and treating a natural gas |
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JPH11508027A true JPH11508027A (ja) | 1999-07-13 |
JP3919816B2 JP3919816B2 (ja) | 2007-05-30 |
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JP50359297A Expired - Fee Related JP3919816B2 (ja) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-21 | 天然ガスの処理方法 |
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US (1) | US5893274A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0834046B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3919816B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100414756B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1104619C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU691433B2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2157451T3 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY117899A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ312675A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997001069A1 (ja) |
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US4970867A (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1990-11-20 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Liquefaction of natural gas using process-loaded expanders |
-
1996
- 1996-06-14 MY MYPI96002411A patent/MY117899A/en unknown
- 1996-06-21 KR KR1019970709664A patent/KR100414756B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-21 CN CN96194965A patent/CN1104619C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 US US08/981,015 patent/US5893274A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 JP JP50359297A patent/JP3919816B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-21 NZ NZ312675A patent/NZ312675A/xx unknown
- 1996-06-21 WO PCT/EP1996/002760 patent/WO1997001069A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-21 EP EP96923915A patent/EP0834046B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 ES ES96923915T patent/ES2157451T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 AU AU64158/96A patent/AU691433B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11248346A (ja) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-09-14 | Inst Fr Petrole | ガスの液化方法および装置 |
JP2008537089A (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-09-11 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッド | 液化天然ガスからの二段式の窒素除去 |
JP4673406B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2011-04-20 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッド | 液化天然ガスからの二段式の窒素除去 |
JP2010516994A (ja) * | 2007-01-25 | 2010-05-20 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素流の冷却方法及び装置 |
JP2011517322A (ja) * | 2007-12-04 | 2011-06-02 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッド | 液化天然ガスの脱窒素用熱サイホンリボイラー |
JP2018511024A (ja) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-04-19 | チャート・エナジー・アンド・ケミカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | 混合冷媒液化システム及び方法 |
JP2021012014A (ja) * | 2015-04-10 | 2021-02-04 | チャート・エナジー・アンド・ケミカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | 混合冷媒液化システム及び方法 |
JP2019196900A (ja) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | エア プロダクツ アンド ケミカルズ インコーポレイテッドAir Products And Chemicals Incorporated | モジュール化lng分離装置およびフラッシュガス熱交換器 |
CN110470102A (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-19 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 模块化lng分离装置和闪蒸气体热交换器 |
CN110470102B (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2022-03-04 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 模块化lng分离装置和闪蒸气体热交换器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ312675A (en) | 1998-12-23 |
AU6415896A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
US5893274A (en) | 1999-04-13 |
AU691433B2 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
WO1997001069A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
EP0834046A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
EP0834046B1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
KR19990028349A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
JP3919816B2 (ja) | 2007-05-30 |
CN1188535A (zh) | 1998-07-22 |
MY117899A (en) | 2004-08-30 |
ES2157451T3 (es) | 2001-08-16 |
KR100414756B1 (ko) | 2004-04-29 |
CN1104619C (zh) | 2003-04-02 |
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