JPH03504405A - 導電性ハニカム体及び排ガス触媒担体としてのその監視並びに作動方法 - Google Patents
導電性ハニカム体及び排ガス触媒担体としてのその監視並びに作動方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH03504405A JPH03504405A JP1505104A JP50510489A JPH03504405A JP H03504405 A JPH03504405 A JP H03504405A JP 1505104 A JP1505104 A JP 1505104A JP 50510489 A JP50510489 A JP 50510489A JP H03504405 A JPH03504405 A JP H03504405A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb body
- catalyst
- electrically
- body according
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001609 comparable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/44—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details made of stacks of sheets, plates or foils that are folded in S-form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.特に排ガス触媒用担体である導電性ハニカム体(50;60;80;100 ;110;120;140;150;160)において、これが、液体が貫流可 能の溝が多数形成されている少なくとも部分的に構造化された高温耐食性の薄板 (51、52;61、62;71、72;81、82;91、92;101、1 02;121、122;151、152;161、162;171、172)を 巻き上げ、積み重ね又は他様に層状化した層、有利にはほぼ平坦な薄板と波状薄 板とが互いに配置されている層からなり、薄板(51、52;61、62;71 、72;81、82;91、92;101、102;121、122;151、 152;161、162;171、172)が約0.03〜0.12mm、有利 には0.03〜0.06mmの厚さを有し、ハニカム体(50;60;80;1 00;110;120;140;150;160)が間隙(118)及び/又は 電気的に絶縁性の中間層(58;68;88;98;108;128;148; 178)又は被覆によって、その横断面及び/又はその軸方向の延長部において 電気的に0.03〜2オーム、有利には0.1〜1オーム、特に約0.6オーム の電気抵抗を有する薄板(51、52;61、62;71、72;81、82; 91、92;101、102;121、122;151、152;161、16 2;171、172)により少なくとも一つの電流路が生じるように細分されて いることを特徴とする導電性ハニカム体。 2.ハニカム体(60;80;100)がその横断面及び/又はその軸方向範囲 に関して部分的に互いに電気的に絶縁性の部分領域に細分されており、これらが 限定された電気的接続ブリッジ(73;65、66;116)によってすべてを 又はグループ毎に電気的に直列に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載 のハニカム体。 3.各電流路が並列的に電流の流れる隣接して配置された少なくとも4つの有利 には8〜12の薄板からなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のハニカム体 。 4.並列的に電流の流れる隣接して配置された少なくとも4つの薄板層が蛇行状 (57)に被覆されて担体(50)を形成し、その際中間層(58)が蛇行湾曲 体の相対する面を絶縁させることを特徴とする請求項3記載のハニカム体。 5.方向変換領域(73)で少なくとも4つの層が扁平な状態で互いに接し、そ の際この領域で電気抵抗を降下させる付加的な補強体(74)が設けられること を特徴とする請求項4記載のハニカム体。 6.ハニカム体(60)がほぼU字状に曲げられた層(61、62)からなり、 これらの層がグループ毎に相互に、中間層(68)又は被覆によって電気的に絶 縁されまた支持隔壁(65、66、69)に固定されており、支持隔壁(65、 66、69)は電気的に導電性であるが、互いには絶縁された断片(65、66 )を有し、これらがそれぞれ層の2つ以上のグループからなる直列回路を形成す ることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3の1つに記載のハニカム体。 7.ハニカム体(100;120)が逆方向に絡み合った薄板の積層体(101 ;102;121;122)からなり、その際積層体は少なくともその上面及び 下面に電気的に絶縁性の層(108;128)又は被覆を有し、少なくとも薄板 の端部は積層体の各面で導電性に互いに接続されまた電源(20、30)の両極 と接続するための端子(103、104;123、124)を有することを特徴 とする請求項1、2又は3の1つに記載のハニカム体。 8.ハニカム体(100)が環状の横断面を有し、積層体の高さがこの横断面の 直径の3分の1以下であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のハニカム体。 9.数個のハニカム体(100)が円板状に前後して順次に配置されており、電 気的に並列的又は直列的に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし8の 1つに記載のハニカム体。 10.電気的に絶縁性の中間層(58;68;88;108;128)又は被覆 が粒状のセラミック材料からなり、これが各隣接面に塗布、有利には火炎噴射塗 布されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし9の1つに記載のハニカム体。 11.電気的に絶縁性の中間層(58;68;88;108;128;148; 178)がセラミック部分又はセラミック繊維マットからなることを特徴とする 請求項1ないし9の1つに記載のハニカム体。 12.薄板を金属ジャケット管(90;141)から絶縁させるため、これにろ う付けされたセラミック板(98;148)を使用することを特徴とする請求項 11記載のハニカム体。 13.互いに電気的に絶縁された薄板層(171;172)が型締め結合(17 3)により互いに軸方向に移動するのを阻止され、その際電気的に絶縁するため セラミック中間層(178)が型締め結合内に挿入されていることを特徴とする 請求項1ないし12の1つに記載のハニカム体。 14.ほぼ軸方向に電流が貫流可能のハニカム体(140;150;160)に おいて、一方又は双方の正面に少なくとも一つの良好に導電性の端子板(146 ;156;166)が設けられ、これがハニカム体(140;150;160) の横断面にわたっての電流密度の均一な分配を改良することを特徴とする請求項 1ないし13の1つに記載のハニカム体。 15.端子板(146)の少なくとも一つが、弾性(144)でかつ良好に導電 性で耐高温性であり、また電気的に絶縁性のプッシング(145)を介して外部 に導かれるリード線(143)と接続されており、このリード線は例えば50〜 400Aの高い電流強度に適し、端子板(146)とブッシング(145)との 間で熱による相対移動を行い得ることを特徴とする請求項14記載のハニカム体 。 16.内燃機関の排ガス系における導電性の、少なくとも部分的にそのジャケッ ト及び支持体に対して絶縁されている触媒活性の被覆を備えた触媒担体、特に請 求項1記載の触媒担体を作動又は監視する方法において、触媒担体の(温度に比 例する)電気抵抗を全体的に又は一部の範囲で測定し、触媒排ガス系を監視及び /又は調整するために利用することを特徴とする触媒担体の作動又は監視方法。 17.触媒担体の電気抵抗で予め規定することのできる閾値以下か又はこれを下 回る際に、閾値に達するか又は再び達成する迄加熱電力を負荷し、その際予め規 定することのできる閾値が有利には触媒反応を自発的に生じる温度を僅かに上回 る触媒担体の抵抗に相当することを特徴とする請求項16記載の方法。 18.少なくとも短時間にわたり触媒担体により吸収された加熱電力又はこれに 比例する値を測定することによって、触媒担体の抵抗を予め設定可能の時間間隔 で測定することを特徴とする請求項16又は17記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3813928 | 1988-04-25 | ||
DE3813928.6 | 1988-04-25 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8157479A Division JP2787827B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体 |
JP8157478A Division JP2787826B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体及びその作動方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH03504405A true JPH03504405A (ja) | 1991-09-26 |
JP2825895B2 JP2825895B2 (ja) | 1998-11-18 |
Family
ID=6352840
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1502547A Expired - Lifetime JP2654429B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1989-02-13 | 排ガス浄化装置の応答促進装置及びその運転方法 |
JP1505104A Expired - Lifetime JP2825895B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1989-04-21 | 排ガス触媒用担体としてのハニカム体並びにその作動及び監視方法 |
JP8157478A Expired - Lifetime JP2787826B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体及びその作動方法 |
JP8157479A Expired - Lifetime JP2787827B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP1502547A Expired - Lifetime JP2654429B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1989-02-13 | 排ガス浄化装置の応答促進装置及びその運転方法 |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8157478A Expired - Lifetime JP2787826B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体及びその作動方法 |
JP8157479A Expired - Lifetime JP2787827B2 (ja) | 1988-04-25 | 1996-05-29 | 導電性ハニカム体 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US5322672A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0412086B1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP2654429B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR950013644B1 (ja) |
BR (2) | BR8907397A (ja) |
DE (3) | DE8816514U1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2011197A6 (ja) |
RU (2) | RU2054123C1 (ja) |
WO (2) | WO1989010470A1 (ja) |
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1988
- 1988-04-25 DE DE8816514U patent/DE8816514U1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-02-13 JP JP1502547A patent/JP2654429B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-13 RU SU894831452A patent/RU2054123C1/ru active
- 1989-02-13 EP EP89902757A patent/EP0412086B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-13 DE DE58909751T patent/DE58909751D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-13 BR BR898907397A patent/BR8907397A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-13 KR KR1019890702445A patent/KR950013644B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-13 WO PCT/EP1989/000129 patent/WO1989010470A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1989-04-21 DE DE8989905407T patent/DE58900537D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-21 KR KR1019890702446A patent/KR0143909B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-21 RU SU894831449A patent/RU2067191C1/ru active
- 1989-04-21 WO PCT/EP1989/000439 patent/WO1989010471A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1989-04-21 BR BR898907398A patent/BR8907398A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-21 JP JP1505104A patent/JP2825895B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-21 EP EP89905407A patent/EP0412103B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-25 ES ES8901438A patent/ES2011197A6/es not_active Expired
-
1990
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- 1990-10-25 US US07/604,060 patent/US5146743A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
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-
1996
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- 1996-05-29 JP JP8157479A patent/JP2787827B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH056120U (ja) * | 1991-07-04 | 1993-01-29 | カルソニツク株式会社 | 金属触媒装置 |
US5323607A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1994-06-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control system and method having improved heating control function for catalyst |
US5744104A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1998-04-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrically heated catalytic converter for an engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5322672A (en) | 1994-06-21 |
ES2011197A6 (es) | 1989-12-16 |
EP0412086B1 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
BR8907398A (pt) | 1991-04-23 |
JPH03500911A (ja) | 1991-02-28 |
RU2054123C1 (ru) | 1996-02-10 |
KR900700725A (ko) | 1990-08-16 |
JPH09150063A (ja) | 1997-06-10 |
DE8816514U1 (ja) | 1989-10-26 |
KR900700724A (ko) | 1990-08-16 |
BR8907397A (pt) | 1991-04-23 |
JP2654429B2 (ja) | 1997-09-17 |
JP2787827B2 (ja) | 1998-08-20 |
KR0143909B1 (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
JP2825895B2 (ja) | 1998-11-18 |
EP0412103B2 (de) | 1995-04-26 |
DE58909751D1 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
WO1989010471A1 (fr) | 1989-11-02 |
JPH09150062A (ja) | 1997-06-10 |
US5480621A (en) | 1996-01-02 |
EP0412103B1 (de) | 1991-12-04 |
JP2787826B2 (ja) | 1998-08-20 |
DE58900537D1 (de) | 1992-01-16 |
US5146743A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
EP0412086A1 (de) | 1991-02-13 |
EP0412103A1 (de) | 1991-02-13 |
WO1989010470A1 (fr) | 1989-11-02 |
KR950013644B1 (ko) | 1995-11-13 |
RU2067191C1 (ru) | 1996-09-27 |
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