JPH0219197B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0219197B2 JPH0219197B2 JP57501165A JP50116582A JPH0219197B2 JP H0219197 B2 JPH0219197 B2 JP H0219197B2 JP 57501165 A JP57501165 A JP 57501165A JP 50116582 A JP50116582 A JP 50116582A JP H0219197 B2 JPH0219197 B2 JP H0219197B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- palladium
- plating
- bath
- molar
- electroplating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 168
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 82
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 28
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 cyclic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)N ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)(C)CN DDHUNHGZUHZNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002676 Pd(NO3)2·2H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRUVRQYVUDCDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [Sn].[Ni].[Cu] VRUVRQYVUDCDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-P trimethylenediaminium Chemical compound [NH3+]CCC[NH3+] XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
- C25D3/52—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals characterised by the organic bath constituents used
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23915181A | 1981-02-27 | 1981-02-27 | |
US239151SEEUS | 1981-02-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS58500289A JPS58500289A (ja) | 1983-02-24 |
JPH0219197B2 true JPH0219197B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1990-04-27 |
Family
ID=22900832
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP57501165A Granted JPS58500289A (ja) | 1981-02-27 | 1982-02-18 | パラジウムとパラジウム合金の電気メツキ方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0073236B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
JP (1) | JPS58500289A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
CA (1) | CA1189016A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
DE (1) | DE3266736D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
GB (1) | GB2112018B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
HK (1) | HK48088A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
WO (1) | WO1982002908A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4478692A (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-10-23 | Learonal, Inc. | Electrodeposition of palladium-silver alloys |
US4741818A (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1988-05-03 | Learonal, Inc. | Alkaline baths and methods for electrodeposition of palladium and palladium alloys |
EP0693579B1 (de) * | 1994-07-21 | 1997-08-27 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Bad zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Palladium-Silber-Legierungen |
DE4444232C1 (de) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-05-09 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Bad zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Palladium-Silber-Legierungen |
DE4431847C5 (de) * | 1994-09-07 | 2011-01-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Substrat mit bondfähiger Beschichtung |
FR2807450B1 (fr) * | 2000-04-06 | 2002-07-05 | Engelhard Clal Sas | Bain electrolytique destine au depot electrochimique du palladium ou de ses alliages |
TWI354716B (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2011-12-21 | Green Hydrotec Inc | Palladium-containing plating solution and its uses |
KR101502804B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-07 | 2015-03-16 | 유미코아 갈바노테히닉 게엠베하 | Pd 및 Pd-Ni 전해질 욕조 |
JP2012241260A (ja) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-12-10 | Kanto Gakuin | 電解パラジウム−リン合金めっき液、めっき被膜及びめっき製品 |
DE102018126174B3 (de) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-08-29 | Umicore Galvanotechnik Gmbh | Thermisch stabile Silberlegierungsschichten, Verfahren zur Abscheidung und Verwendung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2452308A (en) * | 1946-02-28 | 1948-10-26 | George C Lambros | Process of plating palladium and plating bath therefor |
CH534215A (fr) * | 1971-09-06 | 1973-02-28 | Oxy Metal Finishing Europ S A | Bain électrolytique pour l'électrodéposition d'alliages d'or et une utilisation de celui-ci |
DE2360834C3 (de) * | 1973-12-06 | 1978-05-18 | Inovan-Stroebe Kg, 7534 Birkenfeld | Bad und Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Palladiumschichten |
DE2506467C2 (de) * | 1975-02-07 | 1986-07-17 | Schering AG, 1000 Berlin und 4709 Bergkamen | Bad und Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Palladium-Nickel-Legierungen |
US4066517A (en) * | 1976-03-11 | 1978-01-03 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Electrodeposition of palladium |
DE2939920C2 (de) * | 1979-10-02 | 1982-09-23 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verwendung eines Amins in einem Bad zum galvanischen Abscheiden von Palladium |
US4278514A (en) * | 1980-02-12 | 1981-07-14 | Technic, Inc. | Bright palladium electrodeposition solution |
-
1982
- 1982-02-18 GB GB08230414A patent/GB2112018B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-18 DE DE8282901061T patent/DE3266736D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-18 WO PCT/US1982/000200 patent/WO1982002908A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1982-02-18 JP JP57501165A patent/JPS58500289A/ja active Granted
- 1982-02-18 EP EP82901061A patent/EP0073236B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-26 EP EP82101494A patent/EP0059452B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-26 CA CA000397244A patent/CA1189016A/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-06-30 HK HK48088A patent/HK48088A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1982002908A1 (en) | 1982-09-02 |
CA1189016A (en) | 1985-06-18 |
GB2112018A (en) | 1983-07-13 |
JPS58500289A (ja) | 1983-02-24 |
EP0059452A3 (en) | 1982-11-10 |
EP0073236A4 (en) | 1983-01-14 |
DE3266736D1 (en) | 1985-11-14 |
EP0073236B1 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
HK48088A (en) | 1988-07-08 |
EP0059452B1 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
EP0059452A2 (en) | 1982-09-08 |
EP0073236A1 (en) | 1983-03-09 |
GB2112018B (en) | 1984-08-15 |
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