JP7561619B2 - 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム - Google Patents
熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7561619B2 JP7561619B2 JP2020537150A JP2020537150A JP7561619B2 JP 7561619 B2 JP7561619 B2 JP 7561619B2 JP 2020537150 A JP2020537150 A JP 2020537150A JP 2020537150 A JP2020537150 A JP 2020537150A JP 7561619 B2 JP7561619 B2 JP 7561619B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- information
- detector
- evaluation device
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
- G01F1/6888—Thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples, thermopiles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022075661A JP7460682B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2022-05-02 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP2023196781A JP2024020474A (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2023-11-20 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18150496 | 2018-01-05 | ||
| EP18150496.0 | 2018-01-05 | ||
| PCT/EP2019/050261 WO2019135002A2 (de) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-01-07 | Auswerteanordnung für einen thermischen gassensor, verfahren und computerprogramme |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022075661A Division JP7460682B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2022-05-02 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2021515882A JP2021515882A (ja) | 2021-06-24 |
| JP2021515882A5 JP2021515882A5 (https=) | 2022-05-18 |
| JP7561619B2 true JP7561619B2 (ja) | 2024-10-04 |
Family
ID=60990632
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020537150A Active JP7561619B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-01-07 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP2022075661A Active JP7460682B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2022-05-02 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP2023196781A Pending JP2024020474A (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2023-11-20 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022075661A Active JP7460682B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2022-05-02 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP2023196781A Pending JP2024020474A (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2023-11-20 | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US11686695B2 (https=) |
| EP (3) | EP3735580B1 (https=) |
| JP (3) | JP7561619B2 (https=) |
| KR (2) | KR102558160B1 (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN112055811B (https=) |
| AU (2) | AU2019205103B2 (https=) |
| CA (2) | CA3088990C (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2019135002A2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7561619B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2024-10-04 | ハーン-シッカート-ゲゼルシャフト フュア アンゲヴァンテ フォアシュング アインゲトラーゲナー フェライン | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| US11073415B2 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2021-07-27 | Flusso Limited | Thermal fluid flow sensor having a dielectric membrane comprising discontinuities between the heating element and an edge |
| JP7452323B2 (ja) * | 2020-08-18 | 2024-03-19 | 株式会社デンソー | ガス濃度検出装置 |
| WO2022079535A2 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-21 | Alcon Inc. | Apparatus and methods for gas verification |
| EP4009008B1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2024-01-31 | Sensirion AG | Fault detection in a thermal sensor device |
| EP4198504B1 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2025-07-02 | Sensirion AG | Thermal sensor device and method for determining concentration of a target gas in a gas sample |
| DE102022209906A1 (de) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-21 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. | Sensoranordnung |
| DE102022209905A1 (de) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-21 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. | Sensoranordnung |
| DE102022127043B4 (de) * | 2022-10-15 | 2024-05-23 | Sensirion Ag | Driftkompensation für einen Sensor zur Messung der Konzentration eines Stoffes in einem Fluid |
| DE102022214190A1 (de) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-27 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Gaskonzentrationssensors, Gaskonzentrationssensor, Computerprogramm und computerlesbares Medium |
| US12596085B2 (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2026-04-07 | Posifa Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for simultaneously measuring air contained hydrogen and water vapor concentrations via a single MEMS thermal conductivity sensor |
| EP4610642A1 (de) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-03 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e. V. | Verfahren und thermischer sensor zur detektion von mikroplastik |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028558A (ja) | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-28 | Shinku Riko Kk | 熱物性測定方法と装置 |
| US20160290849A1 (en) | 2013-11-19 | 2016-10-06 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Measuring device and method for determining a corrected mass flow and uses of the measuring device |
Family Cites Families (57)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3866108A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1975-02-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Control system and method for controlling dual fuel operation of industrial gas turbine power plants, preferably employing a digital computer |
| US4259835A (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1981-04-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | System and method for monitoring industrial gas turbine operating parameters and for providing gas turbine power plant control system inputs representative thereof |
| JPH0493648A (ja) | 1990-08-03 | 1992-03-26 | Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd | ガスクロマトグラフ |
| DE4338200A1 (de) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-05-11 | Efu Ges Fuer Ur Umformtechnik | Verfahren zur Messung der Temperatur von metallischen Werkstücken oder ihres Feststoffanteils im teilerstarrten Zustand |
| JP3370801B2 (ja) | 1994-11-02 | 2003-01-27 | リコーエレメックス株式会社 | 温度補償付き雰囲気検出装置 |
| US5897836A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1999-04-27 | J And N Associates, Inc. | Thermal gas sensing apparatus |
| US10130787B2 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 2018-11-20 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited | Humidity controller |
| US6169965B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2001-01-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fluid property and flow sensing via a common frequency generator and FFT |
| US6019505A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-02-01 | Honeywell Inc. | Time lag approach for measuring thermal conductivity and specific heat |
| US6079253A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2000-06-27 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring selected properties of a fluid of interest using a single heater element |
| EP1144958B1 (de) * | 1998-12-22 | 2004-03-24 | Sensirion AG | Verfahren und sensor zur messung eines massenflusses |
| DE19944181A1 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-04-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Gaskomponenten in Gasgemischen |
| DE19949327A1 (de) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-19 | Grunewald Axel Ulrich | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Gaskonzentrationen in einem Gasgemisch |
| JP3843880B2 (ja) | 2001-05-31 | 2006-11-08 | 株式会社デンソー | ガス濃度センサのヒータ制御装置 |
| GR1004040B (el) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-10-31 | Μεθοδος για την κατασκευη αιωρουμενων μεμβρανων πορωδους πυριτιου και εφαρμογης της σε αισθητηρες αεριων | |
| US20080044939A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2008-02-21 | Nassiopoulou Androula G | Low power silicon thermal sensors and microfluidic devices based on the use of porous sealed air cavity technology or microchannel technology |
| CA2513126A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-08-05 | Ems-Patent Ag | Increased-accuracy gas energy meter |
| JP4500904B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2010-07-14 | 一平 鳥越 | 熱伝達特性測定方法および装置 |
| JP4662339B2 (ja) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-03-30 | エプソンイメージングデバイス株式会社 | 液晶表示パネル |
| DE102005023695A1 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Korrektur der Alterung eines Gasmessfühlers |
| DE102005059304B3 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-05-31 | Areva Np Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Kalibrieren eines Feuchtigkeitssensors |
| EP1840535B1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-01-12 | Sensirion Holding AG | Flow sensor with thermocouples |
| DE102006054505A1 (de) | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-29 | Escube Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration eines Stoffes in einem Gas |
| US7780343B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2010-08-24 | Siargo Ltd. | Micromachined gas and liquid concentration sensor and method of making the same |
| DE102008047511A1 (de) | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Weinmann Geräte für Medizin GmbH + Co. KG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Atemgasanalyse |
| US8174416B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2012-05-08 | Nxp B.V. | Automatic common-mode rejection calibration |
| US8331892B2 (en) * | 2008-03-29 | 2012-12-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and system for DC compensation and AGC |
| JP4983726B2 (ja) | 2008-05-29 | 2012-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ガス濃度センサの暖機制御装置 |
| JP5745205B2 (ja) | 2008-08-22 | 2015-07-08 | 木村 光照 | 加熱励振を利用した熱伝導型気圧センサ |
| EP2175246B1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2017-07-19 | Sensirion AG | A method for measuring a fluid composition parameter by means of a flow sensor |
| FR2949155B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-14 | 2012-04-06 | Neosens | Procede de mesure ou de detection de l'encrassement d'un reacteur |
| JP5055349B2 (ja) | 2009-12-28 | 2012-10-24 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 熱式ガスセンサ |
| EP2348292A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-27 | Sensirion AG | Sensor device |
| DE102011075519A1 (de) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-15 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Bestimmen des Massedurchflusses eines Mediums in einer Leitung |
| DE102011081922B4 (de) * | 2011-08-31 | 2021-12-23 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. | Strömumgssensor zur Bestimmung eines Strömungsparameters |
| US8907803B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2014-12-09 | Intwine Energy | Networked air quality monitoring |
| US20130234330A1 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-12 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor Packages and Methods of Formation Thereof |
| JP5779131B2 (ja) | 2012-03-27 | 2015-09-16 | アズビル株式会社 | 発熱量測定システム及び発熱量の測定方法 |
| DE102012102979A1 (de) | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-24 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Durchflussmessgerät, Messrohr sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Durchflussmessgeräts |
| JP5782406B2 (ja) | 2012-06-14 | 2015-09-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ガスセンサシステム |
| DE102013102398B8 (de) * | 2013-03-11 | 2024-06-27 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Thermischer Strömungssensor zur Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung eines Gasgemisches, sowie dessen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit |
| DE102014000939A1 (de) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Hydrometer Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bestimmen wenigstens eines Gasparameters eines strömenden Gases |
| EP2840385A1 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-25 | DCG Systems, Inc. | Lock-in thermography method and system for determining material layer parameters of a sample |
| JP2015064305A (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-09 | 木村 光照 | 熱型センサとこれを用いた熱計測モジュール |
| DE102014106729A1 (de) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Messgerätes und Messgerät |
| EP2887057A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-24 | Sensirion AG | Device and method of humidity compensated gas concentration monitoring by thermal conductivity measurements |
| US9453807B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2016-09-27 | Ams International Ag | Thermal conductivity gas sensor with amplification material |
| EP2985592B1 (de) * | 2014-08-13 | 2017-09-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Absorptionsspektrometer und Verfahren zur Messung der Konzentration einer interessierenden Gaskomponente eines Messgases |
| JP6470985B2 (ja) | 2015-01-27 | 2019-02-13 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | マイクロヒータ及びセンサ |
| US10211673B2 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2019-02-19 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for timestamping electrical data in a panel meter |
| DE102015107584A1 (de) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-17 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Produktes aus Wärmekapazität und Dichte |
| JP6459788B2 (ja) | 2015-06-12 | 2019-01-30 | 株式会社デンソー | センサの印加電圧制御装置 |
| GB2545426B (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2021-08-04 | Sciosense Bv | Sensing Layer Formation |
| WO2019034570A1 (de) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-02-21 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. | Sensoranordnung mit drucksensor und thermischem gassensor |
| EP3502687B1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-06-29 | Sensirion AG | Determination of gas parameters |
| JP7561619B2 (ja) | 2018-01-05 | 2024-10-04 | ハーン-シッカート-ゲゼルシャフト フュア アンゲヴァンテ フォアシュング アインゲトラーゲナー フェライン | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP7130290B2 (ja) | 2020-10-27 | 2022-09-05 | 株式会社I’mbesideyou | 情報抽出装置 |
-
2019
- 2019-01-07 JP JP2020537150A patent/JP7561619B2/ja active Active
- 2019-01-07 EP EP19700107.6A patent/EP3735580B1/de active Active
- 2019-01-07 CN CN201980017444.7A patent/CN112055811B/zh active Active
- 2019-01-07 CN CN202310885655.0A patent/CN117309929A/zh active Pending
- 2019-01-07 KR KR1020227016489A patent/KR102558160B1/ko active Active
- 2019-01-07 KR KR1020207022725A patent/KR102400465B1/ko active Active
- 2019-01-07 CA CA3088990A patent/CA3088990C/en active Active
- 2019-01-07 AU AU2019205103A patent/AU2019205103B2/en active Active
- 2019-01-07 EP EP21190705.0A patent/EP3926335B1/de active Active
- 2019-01-07 EP EP22196711.0A patent/EP4141430B1/de active Active
- 2019-01-07 CA CA3185299A patent/CA3185299C/en active Active
- 2019-01-07 WO PCT/EP2019/050261 patent/WO2019135002A2/de not_active Ceased
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 US US16/921,407 patent/US11686695B2/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-01-21 AU AU2022200416A patent/AU2022200416B2/en active Active
- 2022-05-02 JP JP2022075661A patent/JP7460682B2/ja active Active
- 2022-08-16 US US17/820,164 patent/US11874242B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-20 JP JP2023196781A patent/JP2024020474A/ja active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-12 US US18/412,417 patent/US12385862B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028558A (ja) | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-28 | Shinku Riko Kk | 熱物性測定方法と装置 |
| US20160290849A1 (en) | 2013-11-19 | 2016-10-06 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Measuring device and method for determining a corrected mass flow and uses of the measuring device |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7561619B2 (ja) | 熱ガスセンサの評価装置、方法およびコンピュータプログラム | |
| JP7055543B2 (ja) | ガスセンサおよびその動作方法 | |
| US8504311B2 (en) | Method and mass flow controller for enhanced operating range | |
| US10451575B2 (en) | Gas measurement device and measurement method thereof | |
| CN114072670A (zh) | 用于确定流体环境中的目标气体浓度的方法和系统 | |
| JPH1114580A (ja) | 多レベル感度回路を有するガス・センサ | |
| JP4270711B2 (ja) | ガス検知方法及び装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200904 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20200904 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20211102 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20220131 |
|
| A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A524 Effective date: 20220502 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20220830 |
|
| A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A524 Effective date: 20221223 |
|
| C60 | Trial request (containing other claim documents, opposition documents) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C60 Effective date: 20221223 |
|
| C11 | Written invitation by the commissioner to file amendments |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C11 Effective date: 20230110 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230105 |
|
| A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20230126 |
|
| C21 | Notice of transfer of a case for reconsideration by examiners before appeal proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C21 Effective date: 20230131 |
|
| A912 | Re-examination (zenchi) completed and case transferred to appeal board |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912 Effective date: 20230310 |
|
| C211 | Notice of termination of reconsideration by examiners before appeal proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C211 Effective date: 20230314 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20240617 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20240924 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7561619 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |