JP7524764B2 - プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体 - Google Patents

プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP7524764B2
JP7524764B2 JP2020553296A JP2020553296A JP7524764B2 JP 7524764 B2 JP7524764 B2 JP 7524764B2 JP 2020553296 A JP2020553296 A JP 2020553296A JP 2020553296 A JP2020553296 A JP 2020553296A JP 7524764 B2 JP7524764 B2 JP 7524764B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
epoxy resin
resin composition
component
mass
prepreg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2020553296A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPWO2020080474A5 (https=
JPWO2020080474A1 (ja
Inventor
奈緒 河村
拓也 寺西
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Publication of JPWO2020080474A1 publication Critical patent/JPWO2020080474A1/ja
Publication of JPWO2020080474A5 publication Critical patent/JPWO2020080474A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP7524764B2 publication Critical patent/JP7524764B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/003Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/465Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/20Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
    • C08G59/22Di-epoxy compounds
    • C08G59/24Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/4007Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
    • C08G59/4014Nitrogen containing compounds
    • C08G59/4021Ureas; Thioureas; Guanidines; Dicyandiamides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50Amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/042Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/241Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/243Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/249Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0025Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/21Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2463/00Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Epoxy Resins (AREA)
JP2020553296A 2018-10-17 2019-10-17 プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体 Active JP7524764B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2018195636 2018-10-17
JP2018195636 2018-10-17
PCT/JP2019/040933 WO2020080474A1 (ja) 2018-10-17 2019-10-17 プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPWO2020080474A1 JPWO2020080474A1 (ja) 2021-09-24
JPWO2020080474A5 JPWO2020080474A5 (https=) 2022-08-03
JP7524764B2 true JP7524764B2 (ja) 2024-07-30

Family

ID=70283858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2020553296A Active JP7524764B2 (ja) 2018-10-17 2019-10-17 プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20210230385A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP7524764B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR20210077674A (https=)
CN (2) CN112839977B (https=)
TW (1) TWI848992B (https=)
WO (1) WO2020080474A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20250092211A1 (en) * 2022-02-16 2025-03-20 Toray Industries, Inc. Prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material, tubular body made of fiber-reinforced composite material, golf club shaft, and fishing rod
WO2024029233A1 (ja) 2022-08-02 2024-02-08 東レ株式会社 プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材料、繊維強化複合材料製管状体、ゴルフクラブシャフトおよび釣り竿
KR20240038221A (ko) * 2022-09-15 2024-03-25 삼성전자주식회사 가전기기용 복합 파이프 및 이를 포함하는 청소기

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016222935A (ja) 2013-12-02 2016-12-28 三菱レイヨン株式会社 エポキシ樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたフィルム、プリプレグ及び繊維強化プラスチック
JP2017110194A (ja) 2015-12-10 2017-06-22 三菱ケミカル株式会社 内圧成形用プリプレグ、及び繊維強化複合材料の製造方法
WO2018117214A1 (ja) 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 三菱ケミカル株式会社 硬化性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたフィルム、成形品、プリプレグ及び繊維強化プラスチック

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0925393A (ja) * 1995-05-09 1997-01-28 Toray Ind Inc 繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料
JP6168885B2 (ja) 2013-07-05 2017-07-26 ダンロップスポーツ株式会社 ゴルフクラブシャフト
JP2016216657A (ja) * 2015-05-25 2016-12-22 三菱レイヨン株式会社 エポキシ樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いた繊維強化複合材料前駆体及び繊維強化複合材料
KR20180066107A (ko) * 2015-10-13 2018-06-18 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 고처리량 제조 공정에서 사용하기 위한 속경화 에폭시 조성물
KR20210020937A (ko) * 2018-06-15 2021-02-24 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 강화 에폭시 조성물

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016222935A (ja) 2013-12-02 2016-12-28 三菱レイヨン株式会社 エポキシ樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたフィルム、プリプレグ及び繊維強化プラスチック
JP2017110194A (ja) 2015-12-10 2017-06-22 三菱ケミカル株式会社 内圧成形用プリプレグ、及び繊維強化複合材料の製造方法
WO2018117214A1 (ja) 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 三菱ケミカル株式会社 硬化性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたフィルム、成形品、プリプレグ及び繊維強化プラスチック

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112839977B (zh) 2024-02-13
CN112839977A (zh) 2021-05-25
TW202022012A (zh) 2020-06-16
CN117164914A (zh) 2023-12-05
TW202428684A (zh) 2024-07-16
WO2020080474A1 (ja) 2020-04-23
TWI848992B (zh) 2024-07-21
US20210230385A1 (en) 2021-07-29
JPWO2020080474A1 (ja) 2021-09-24
KR20210077674A (ko) 2021-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5003827B2 (ja) 炭素繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料
CN107949594B (zh) 环氧树脂组合物及由其制造的纤维增强复合材料
JP5768893B2 (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物及びこれを用いたフィルム、プリプレグ、繊維強化プラスチック
CN110637041B (zh) 纤维增强复合材料用环氧树脂组合物及纤维增强复合材料
US11319435B2 (en) Heat-curable resin composition, prepreg, and fiber-reinforced composite material
EP2709833B1 (en) Fibre reinforced composite moulding
JP2014167103A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料
JP7524764B2 (ja) プリプレグ、繊維強化複合樹脂成形体、管状成形体の製造方法、エポキシ樹脂組成物、および管状成形体
JP6776649B2 (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたフィルム、プリプレグ及び繊維強化プラスチック
JP7188136B2 (ja) プリプレグ、及び繊維強化複合樹脂成形体
JP2019189750A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、エポキシ樹脂組成物を含むプリプレグおよびその硬化物
US5128425A (en) Epoxy resin composition for use in carbon fiber reinforced plastics, containing amine or amide based fortifiers
JP2021116349A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび繊維強化プラスチック
TWI917888B (zh) 預浸體、纖維強化複合樹脂成形體
JP2022501457A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、及び繊維強化複合材料
JP2019157057A (ja) 硬化性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたプリプレグ、フィルム及び繊維強化プラスチック
JP2019059827A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、樹脂硬化物および繊維強化複合材料
JP2019065111A (ja) エポキシ樹脂組成物、プリプレグおよび炭素繊維強化複合材料
WO2025070274A1 (ja) プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材料、および成形体の製造方法
JP2025086937A (ja) 繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂組成物、繊維強化複合材料用エポキシ樹脂フィルム、プリプレグおよび繊維強化複合材料
JP2026030781A (ja) 繊維強化複合材料管状体の製造方法、繊維強化複合材料管状体、ゴルフクラブシャフトおよび釣竿

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20220726

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20220726

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20230905

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20231020

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20231225

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20240326

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20240418

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20240618

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20240701

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 7524764

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150