JP7472446B2 - 機能性複合粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
機能性複合粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7472446B2 JP7472446B2 JP2019166606A JP2019166606A JP7472446B2 JP 7472446 B2 JP7472446 B2 JP 7472446B2 JP 2019166606 A JP2019166606 A JP 2019166606A JP 2019166606 A JP2019166606 A JP 2019166606A JP 7472446 B2 JP7472446 B2 JP 7472446B2
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- functional composite
- functional
- resin
- composite particles
- composite particle
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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Description
まず、図1,2に基づいて、複合粒子5について説明する。図1に示すように、複合粒子5は、粒状をなす少なくとも一種類の樹脂3を含み、粒状の樹脂3の表面に、繊維であるセルロース繊維を微細化した微細繊維である微細化セルロース繊維(セルロースナノファイバ:CNF)1により構成された微細繊維層である被覆層を有し、樹脂3と微細化セルロース繊維1とが結合して不可分の状態となったものである。
続いて、本実施形態に係る機能性複合粒子6について説明する。図3,4は、微細化セルロース繊維1と樹脂3とを用いた複合粒子5に、抗菌性や抗カビ性などの機能性を有する機能性材料である有機化合物や無機微粒子などにより構成される機能成分である抗菌・抗カビ成分2を含ませた機能性複合粒子6の概略図である。
次に、本発明に係る機能性複合粒子の製造方法の第一の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態に係る機能性複合粒子の製造方法は、セルロース繊維を溶媒中で解繊して得られる微細化セルロース繊維1の分散液を得る工程(第1A工程)と、抗菌・抗カビ成分2と樹脂3との混合物と上記分散液とを混合することにより、当該混合物を微細化セルロース繊維1で被覆した機能性複合粒子6のエマルションを得る工程(第2A工程)と、エマルションから機能性複合粒子6を取り出す工程(第3A工程)とを具備する。
第1A工程はセルロース繊維を溶媒中で解繊して微細化セルロース繊維1の分散液4を得る工程である。
懸濁液中のセルロース繊維の濃度としては0.1%以上10%未満が好ましい。0.1%未満であると、溶媒過多となり生産性を損なうため好ましくない。10%以上になると、セルロース繊維の解繊に伴い懸濁液が急激に増粘し、均一な解繊処理が困難となるため好ましくない。
第2A工程は、抗菌性や抗カビ性を有する有機化合物又は無機微粒子から構成される抗菌・抗カビ成分2と樹脂3との混合物と前記分散液4とを混合することにより、当該混合物を微細化セルロース繊維1で被覆した機能性複合粒子6のエマルションを得る工程である。
第3A工程は、エマルションから機能性複合粒子6を取り出す工程である。
次に、本発明に係る機能性複合粒子の製造方法の第二の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態に係る機能性複合粒子6の製造方法は、第一の実施形態と同様に微細化セルロース繊維1の分散液4を得る工程(第1A工程)と、前記分散液4と抗菌・抗カビ成分2とを混合することにより、微細化セルロース繊維1に抗菌・抗カビ成分2を吸着させる工程(第2Ba工程)と、前記分散液4と樹脂3とを混合することにより、抗菌・抗カビ成分2を吸着させた微細化セルロース繊維1で樹脂3を被覆した機能性複合粒子6のエマルションを得る工程(第2Bb工程)と、エマルションから機能性複合粒子6を取り出す工程(第3A工程)とを具備する。
次に、本発明に係る機能性複合粒子の製造方法の第三の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態に係る機能性複合粒子6の製造方法は、第一の実施形態と同様に微細化セルロース繊維1の分散液4を得る工程(第1A工程)と、前記分散液4と樹脂3とを混合することにより、当該樹脂3を微細化セルロース繊維1で被覆した複合粒子5のエマルションを得る工程(第2C工程)と、エマルションから複合粒子5を取り出す工程(第3C工程)と、複合粒子5に抗菌・抗カビ成分2を吸着させて機能性複合粒子6を得る工程(第4C工程)とを具備する。
本実施形態に係るプラスチック成型体は、前記機能性複合粒子6を含むことにより、抗菌性や抗カビ性が付与されたプラスチック組成物として提供される。使用される微細化セルロース繊維1の結晶表面にイオン性官能基が導入されていると、機能性複合粒子6の表面にイオン性官能基が配置されることより、機能性複合粒子6同士が電気的に反撥し合うため、機能性複合粒子6をプラスチック組成物中でも凝集させることなく、均一に分散させることができる。
<セルロースナノファイバー(CNF)分散液を得る工程(第1A工程)>
≪木材セルロースのTEMPO酸化≫
セルロース繊維70gを蒸留水3500gに懸濁し、蒸留水350gにTEMPOを0.7g、臭化ナトリウムを7g溶解させた溶液を加え、20℃まで冷却した。ここに2mol/L、密度1.15g/mLの次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液450gを滴下により添加し、酸化反応を開始した。系内の温度は常に20℃に保ち、反応中のpHの低下は0.5Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加することでpH10に保ち続けた。
上記TEMPO酸化で得た酸化セルロース繊維を固形分重量で0.1g量りとり、1%濃度で水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpHを2.5とした。その後0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いた電導度滴定法により、カルボキシ基量(mmol/g)を求めた。結果は1.6mmol/gであった。
上記TEMPO酸化で得たセルロース繊維10gを990gの蒸留水に分散させ、ジューサーミキサーで30分間微細化処理し、濃度1%のCNF分散液を得た。CNF分散液を光路長1cmの石英セルに入れ、分光光度計(島津製作所社製、「UV-3600」)を用いて分光透過スペクトルの測定を行ったところ、660nmで91%の透過率であり、CNF分散液は高い透明性を示した。また、CNF分散液に含まれるCNFの数平均短軸径は3nm、数平均長軸径は1110nmであった。
次に、重合性モノマーであるジビニルベンゼン(以下、「DVB」という。)100gに対し、重合開始剤である2、2-アゾビス-2、4-ジメチルバレロニトリル(以下、「ADVN」という。)を10g溶解させた。さらに抗菌・抗カビ成分としてメチル N-(1H-ベンツイミダゾール-2-yl)カーバメート20gを加えてスターラーで撹拌した。
エマルション分散液を、ウォーターバスを用いて70℃の湯浴中に供し、攪拌子で攪拌しながら8時間処理し、重合反応を実施した。8時間処理後に上記分散液を室温まで冷却した。重合反応の前後で分散液の外観に変化はなかった。得られた分散液に対し、遠心力75,000gで5分間処理することにより、沈降物を得た。デカンテーションにより上澄みを除去して沈降物を回収し、さらに孔径0.1μmのPTFEメンブレンフィルターを用いて、純水とメタノールとで繰り返し洗浄した。
機能性複合粒子6の乾燥体100gとポリスチレン樹脂(PSジャパン社製、「HF77」)のペレット900gとを混合し、二軸混練押し出し成型機にて200℃で膜厚が30μmとなるように押し出し成型し機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。
得られたプラスチック成型体(フィルム)に対して、機能性複合粒子6の分布の均一性を目視評価し、機能性複合粒子6が均一に分布しているものを「〇」、機能性複合粒子6が凝集しているものを「×」とした。試験結果は表1に示した。
クロコウジカビ(Aspergillus niger)、アオカビ(Penicil lium citrinum)、クロカビ(Cladosporium cladospo rioides)の混合菌106 個を、前記機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体に植菌して37℃ にて培養した。10日後の時点で生菌数を測定し、菌数がゼロとなったものを「〇」、ゼロとならなかったものを「×」とした。試験結果は表1に示した。
実施例1におけるポリスチレン樹脂に代えて、ABS樹脂(DENKA社製、「GR-0500」)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件により、機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を作製した。そして、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
実施例1におけるポリスチレン樹脂に代えて、塩化ビニル樹脂(リケンテクノス社製、「HFV9883P」)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件により、機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を作製した。そして、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
実施例1で得られた濃度1%のCNF分散液500g中に抗菌・抗カビ成分としてメチル N-(1H-ベンツイミダゾール-2-yl)カーバメート5gを添加して25℃で10時間撹拌することにより微細化セルロース繊維1の表面に抗菌・抗カビ成分2を吸着させる(第2Ba工程)。
100gのDVBに対し、ADVNを10g溶解させてスターラーで撹拌した。次に、実施例1で得られた濃度1%のCNF分散液400gに対して上記DVB/ADVN混合溶液を添加して混合し、実施例1と同様な操作を行うことにより、エマルション分散液を得る(第2C工程)。
実施例1で得られた機能性複合粒子6を塗工量が4.5gとなるようにポリスチレンフィルム(30μm厚、1m2)上にスプレーコーティングし、100℃で10分乾燥させた後、180℃のホットプレートで1分間圧着させることにより、機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。そして、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
実施例4で得られた機能性複合粒子6を使用して、実施例6と同様な操作により、機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。そして、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
実施例5で得られた機能性複合粒子6を使用して、実施例6と同様な操作により、機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。そして、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
ポリスチレン樹脂(PSジャパン社製、「HF77」)のペレットを二軸混練押し出し成型機にて200℃で膜厚が30μmとなるように押し出し成型しプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。
ABS樹脂(DENKA社製、「GR-0500」)のペレットを二軸混練押し出し成型機にて200℃で膜厚が30μmとなるように押し出し成型しプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。
塩化ビニル樹脂(リケンテクノス社製、「HFV9883P」)のペレットを二軸混練押し出し成型機にて200℃で膜厚が30μmとなるように押し出し成型しプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を得た。
実施例1において、「CNF分散液を得る工程」の「木材セルロースのTEMPO酸化」を省略することにより、機能性複合粒子6を作製した。得られた機能性複合粒子6の平均粒径は150μmであった。そして、この機能性複合粒子6を複合したプラスチック成型体(フィルム)を実施例1と同様にして作製した。
上記実施例1~8および比較例1~4の評価結果を各種条件と併せて表1に示す。
2 抗菌・抗カビ成分
3 樹脂
4 分散液
5 複合粒子
6 機能性複合粒子
Claims (12)
- 粒状をなす少なくとも一種類の樹脂を含み、
微細繊維により構成された微細繊維層を前記樹脂の表面に有する複合粒子であり、
前記樹脂と前記微細繊維とが結合して不可分の状態にある複合粒子であって、
抗菌性又は抗カビ性を有する有機化合物又は無機微粒子により構成された機能性材料を前記樹脂の内部にさらに有する
ことを特徴とする機能性複合粒子。 - 前記微細繊維の表面にイオン性官能基が導入されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記イオン性官能基の含有量が、前記微細繊維の乾燥重量に対して0.5mmol/g以上3.0mmol/g以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記微細繊維が、微細化セルロース繊維より構成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記機能性材料は、前記有機化合物により構成され、
前記有機化合物は、メチル=(E)-2-{2-[6-(2-シアノフェノキシ)ピリミジン-4-イルオキシ]フェニル}-3-メトキシアクリラート、N-(4,6-ジメチルピリミジン-2-イル)アニリン、4-(2,2-ジフルオロ-1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-4-イル)ピロール-3-カルボニトリル、オルトフェニルフェノール、ビフェニル、1-[2-(アリルオキシ)-2-(2,4-ジクロロフェニル)エチル]-1H-イミダゾール、1,2-チアゾール-3-オン、2-ブロモ-2-ニトロプロパン-1,3-ジオール、2,4,5,6-テトラクロロ-1,3-ベンゼンジカルボニトリル、2,3,5,6-テトラクロロ-4-メシルピリジン、メチル N-(1H-ベンツイミダゾール-2-イル)カーバメート、2-(ジクロロ-フルオロメチル)スルファニルイソインドール-1,3-ジオン、1-(ジヨードメチルスルホニル)-4-メチルベンゼン、10,10’-オキシビス-10H-フェノキシアルシン、3,4’,5-トリブロモサリチルアニリド、2-(4-チアゾリル)ベンズイミダゾールのうちの少なくとも一種である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記機能性材料は、前記無機微粒子により構成され、
前記無機微粒子は、白金、金、銀、カルシウムのうちの少なくとも一種である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記樹脂に含まれる前記機能性材料の含有量が、機能性複合粒子全体に対する重量比率で1%以上80%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記樹脂が、重合性官能基を有するモノマーを重合して得られたものである
ことを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記モノマーが、ジビニルベンゼンである
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記機能性複合粒子の平均粒径が、0.05μm以上100μm以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 前記機能性複合粒子の含水率が、0.01%以上30%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子。 - 請求項1から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の機能性複合粒子の製造方法であって、
前記微細繊維の分散液を得る工程と、
前記機能性材料を前記樹脂の内部に含有させた混合物と前記分散液とを混合することにより、前記微細繊維で前記混合物を被覆した機能性複合粒子のエマルションを得る工程と、
前記エマルションから前記機能性複合粒子を取り出す工程と
を具備することを特徴とする機能性複合粒子の製造方法。
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