JP7463676B2 - 複合粒子、複合粒子の製造方法、複合粒子を含むパーソナルケア製品 - Google Patents
複合粒子、複合粒子の製造方法、複合粒子を含むパーソナルケア製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7463676B2 JP7463676B2 JP2019162889A JP2019162889A JP7463676B2 JP 7463676 B2 JP7463676 B2 JP 7463676B2 JP 2019162889 A JP2019162889 A JP 2019162889A JP 2019162889 A JP2019162889 A JP 2019162889A JP 7463676 B2 JP7463676 B2 JP 7463676B2
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Landscapes
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Description
ポアを有するコア粒子と、
コア粒子の表面に結合されて不可分の状態にある微細繊維とを有し、
微細繊維がキチンナノファイバーを含む複合粒子。
キチン/キトサン原料を溶媒中で解繊して、キチンナノファイバーを含む微細繊維が分散された微細繊維分散液を得る工程と、
微細繊維分散液に、ポア形成剤とコア粒子前駆体を含む液滴を分散させ、液滴の表面を微細繊維で被覆する工程と、
液滴の内部のコア粒子前駆体を固体化して、コア粒子の表面に微細繊維が被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子の分散液を得る工程と、
微細繊維被覆粒子を精製し、コア粒子内部に含まれるポア形成剤を除去する工程と、
を有する複合粒子の製造方法。
キチン/キトサン原料を溶媒中で解繊して、キチンナノファイバーを含む微細繊維分散液を得る工程と、
コア粒子前駆体にポア形成剤を含む液滴を分散させてW/O型エマルション液を作製し、微細繊維分散液にW/O型エマルション液を含む液滴を分散させ、W/O型エマルション液を含む液滴の表面を微細繊維で被覆してW/O/W型エマルション液を作製する工程と、
液滴の内部のコア粒子前駆体を固体化して、ポア形成剤を含む液滴を有するコア粒子の表面に微細繊維が被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子の分散液を得る工程と、
微細繊維被覆粒子を精製し、コア粒子内部に含まれるポア形成剤を除去する工程と、
を有する複合粒子の製造方法。
上述したように、実施形態の複合粒子1は、図2および図3に示す方法(製造方法Iおよび製造方法II)により製造することができる。
第1工程は微細繊維原料を溶媒中で解繊して微細繊維3の分散液を得る工程である。微細繊維原料とは、セルロースナノファイバーおよび/またはキチンナノファイバーの原料である、セルロース原料、キチン/キトサン原料のことである。
を有する方法。
第2-i工程は、微細繊維3分散液中においてポア形成剤とコア粒子前駆体を含む液滴6の表面を微細繊維3で被覆し、エマルションとして安定化させる工程である。
第2-ii工程は、コア粒子前駆体に親水性溶媒等のポア形成剤を含む液滴9(親水性)を分散させてW/O型エマルション液を作製し、微細繊維分散液にW/O型エマルション液を含む液滴6(疎水性)を分散させ、液滴9の表面を微細繊維3で被覆してW/O/W型エマルション液として安定化させる工程である。
液滴6内部のコア粒子前駆体を固体化させてコア粒子2の表面に微細繊維3が被覆された微細繊維3が被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子10の分散液を得る工程である。
第4工程は、上述の工程を経て得られたコア粒子2が微細繊維3によって被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子10を精製し、コア粒子2内部に含まれる溶媒を除去する工程である。具体的には、微細繊維被覆粒子10の分散液から微細繊維被覆粒子10を遠心分離等により精製し、ポア形成剤としてコア粒子2内部に残留している水等の親水性溶媒や非重合性溶媒を除去する工程である。ポア形成剤として用いた溶媒を除去することによりポア4を有する複合粒子1を得ることができる。
複合粒子は1、他の化粧品原料に混合或いは分散させてメイクアップ製品等のパーソナルケア製品に使用できる。また、複合粒子1、化粧品原料等を含む溶媒に分散させ、パーソナルケア用組成物として使用することができる。
本発明の複合粒子の第一態様によれば、セルロースナノファイバーやキチンナノファイバーといった微細繊維の溶媒過多の問題を解決すると共に、簡便な方法で製造可能な新たな様態の微細繊維を有する複合粒子を提供することができる。
(第1工程:セルロースナノファイバー分散液を得る工程)
(木材セルロースのTEMPO酸化)
針葉樹クラフトパルプ70gを蒸留水3500gに懸濁し、蒸留水350gにTEMPOを0.7g、臭化ナトリウムを7g溶解させた溶液を加え、20℃まで冷却した。ここに2mol/L、密度1.15g/mLの次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液450gを滴下により添加し、酸化反応を開始した。系内の温度は常に20℃に保ち、反応中のpHの低下は0.5Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加することでpH10に保ち続けた。セルロースの重量に対して、水酸化ナトリウムの添加量の合計が3.0mmol/gに達した時点で、約100mLのエタノールを添加し反応を停止させた。その後、ガラスフィルターを用いて蒸留水によるろ過洗浄を繰り返し、酸化パルプ(酸化セルロース)を得た。
上記TEMPO酸化で得た酸化パルプおよび再酸化パルプを固形分重量で0.1g量りとり、1%濃度で水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpHを2.5とした。その後0.5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いた電導度滴定法により、カルボキシ基量(mmol/g)を求めた。
上記TEMPO酸化で得た酸化セルロース0.5gを99.5gの蒸留水に分散させ、ジューサーミキサーで30分間微細化処理し、濃度0.5%のセルロースナノファイバー水分散液を得た。これを連続相とする。
得られた酸化セルロース、セルロースナノファイバーについて、カルボキシ基量、結晶化度、長軸の数平均軸径、光線透過率およびレオロジーの測定や算出を次のように行った。得られたセルロースナノファイバーの評価結果を表1、図4、図5に示す。
分散処理前の酸化セルロースについて、カルボキシ基量を以下の方法にて算出した。
TEMPO酸化セルロースの結晶化度を算出した。
結晶化度(%)=〔(I22.6-I18.5)/I22.6〕×100・・・(2)
ただし、I22.6は、X線回折における格子面(002面)(回折角2θ=22.6°)の回折強度、I18.5は、アモルファス部(回折角2θ=18.5°)の回折強度を示す。
原子間力顕微鏡を用いて、セルロースナノファイバーの長軸の数平均軸径を算出した。
セルロースナノファイバー0.5質量%の水分散液について、光線透過率を測定した。
セルロースナノファイバー0.5質量%の分散液のレオロジーをレオメータ(商品名:AR2000ex、ティー・エイ・インスツルメント社製)傾斜角1°のコーンプレートにて測定した。測定部を25℃に温調し、せん断速度を0.01s-1から1000s-1について連続的にせん断粘度を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。図5から明らかなように、セルロースナノファイバー分散液はチキソトロピック性を示した。せん断速度が10s-1と100s-1のときのせん断粘度を表1に示す。
次に、コア前駆体として重合性モノマーであるジビニルベンゼン(以下、DVBとも称する。)5gに対し、ポア形成剤として非重合性溶媒であるn-ヘプタンを5g、重合開始剤である2、2-アゾビス-2、4-ジメチルバレロニトリル(以下、ADVNとも称する。)を1g溶解させた。これを分散相とする。コア粒子前駆体である重合性モノマー(DVB)とポア形成剤である非重合性溶媒の合計を100質量部とすると、ポア形成剤である非重合性溶媒が50質量%である。
O/W型エマルション分散液を、ウォーターバスを用いて70℃の湯浴中に供し、攪拌子で攪拌しながら8時間処理し、重合反応を実施した。8時間処理後に上記分散液を室温まで冷却した。重合反応の前後で分散液の外観に変化はなかった。
得られた分散液に対し、遠心力75,000gで5分間処理したところ、沈降物を得た。デカンテーションにより上澄みを除去して沈降物を回収し、さらに孔径0.1μmのPTFEメンブレンフィルターを用いて、純水とメタノールで交互に2回ずつ洗浄した。
得られた乾燥粉体を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察した。O/W型エマルション液滴を鋳型として重合反応を実施したことにより、エマルション液滴の形状に由来した、球状の粒子が無数に形成していることが確認され、さらに、その表面は幅数nmのセルロースナノファイバーによって均一に被覆されていることが確認された。ろ過洗浄によって繰り返し洗浄したにも拘らず、粒子の表面は等しく均一にセルロースナノファイバーによって被覆され、コア粒子とセルロースナノファイバーは結合しており、不可分の状態にあることが示された。また、粒子表面には微細な孔が形成されていることが確認された。
乾燥粉体を1質量%の濃度で純水に添加し、攪拌子で24時間攪拌して再分散させたところ、容易に再分散し、目視で凝集も見られなかった。また、粒度分布計を用いて粒径を評価したところ、平均粒径は乾燥前と同程度であり、粒度分布計のデータにおいても凝集を示すようなシグナルは存在しなかった。以上のことから、複合粒子1はその表面がセルロースナノファイバーで被覆されているにもかかわらず、乾燥によって膜化することなく粉体として得られ、かつ再分散性も良好であることが示された。
実施例1の第2工程において、重合性モノマーであるDVB7gに対し、非重合性溶媒であるn-ヘプタン3gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
実施例1の第2工程において、重合性モノマーであるDVB3gに対し、非重合性溶媒であるn-ヘプタン7gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
実施例1の第2工程において、n-ヘプタンの代わりにn-ヘキサンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
実施例1の第2工程において、n-ヘプタンの代わりにn-ドデカンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
実施例1の第2工程において、コア前駆体として重合性モノマーであるDVB7gに対し、n-ヘプタンの代わりに油溶性界面活性剤であるソルビタンモノオレート(Span80)3gを用い、連続相の溶媒である蒸留水をポア形成剤として液滴6内部に吸収させた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
液滴6内部に吸収されるポア形成剤である蒸留水の量が不明のため、コア粒子前駆体である重合性モノマー(DVB)とポア形成剤である蒸留水の合計を100質量部としたときの、ポア形成剤の割合は不明である。
実施例1の第2工程において、コア前駆体として重合性モノマーであるDVB7gに対してアセチル化CNFを1質量%分散させ、続いて重合開始剤である2、2-アゾビス-2、4-ジメチルバレロニトリル(以下、ADVNとも称する。)を1g溶解させ、重合性モノマー混合液を調製した。
実施例1において、TEMPO酸化CNFの代わりに、先行技術文献として挙げた特許文献6に従い作製したキチンナノファイバー(キチンNFともいう)分散液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を作製した。
実施例1において、TEMPO酸化の代わりに、先行技術文献として挙げた特許文献2に従いカルボキシメチル化(以下、CM化とも称する。)処理を行って得られたCM化CNF分散液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を作製した。
実施例1において、TEMPO酸化の代わりに、先行技術文献として挙げた非特許文献1に従いリン酸エステル化処理を行って得られたリン酸エステル化CNF分散液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を作製した。
実施例1において、第2工程にて、重合性モノマーであるDVBの代わりにポリ-ε-カプロラクトン(PCL、和光純薬製)5gを加熱して溶融した溶融ポリマー10gを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で複合粒子1を得た。
実施例1において、第2工程及び第3工程を行わずにスプレードライによって粒子を作製した以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。
実施例1において、第2工程において重合性モノマーであるDVB10gに対し、非重合性溶媒であるn-ヘプタンを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で実施した。
実施例1において、TEMPO酸化CNF分散液の代わりにカルボキシメチルセルロース(以下、CMCとも称する。)水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で実施した。
実施例11において、第1工程において、セルロースナノファイバー水分散液の代わりにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を8質量部、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリル-10(PGLE ML10)0.5質量部を純水500gに溶かした水溶液を用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の条件で実施した。
実施例11において、TEMPO酸化CNF分散液の代わりにCMC水溶液を用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の条件で実施した。
市販のスチレン-ジビニルベンゼン共重合マイクロビーズ(粒子径4.5μm、テクノケミカル)の乾燥粉体(従来のポリマー粒子)について、実施例1と同様に各種評価を実施した。
(円形度の測定)
画像分析型粒度分布計PITA-04(セイシン企業)にて1000個以上の粒子円形度の平均値から平均円形度を算出し、以下の評価基準により真球度を評価した。尚、粒子の画像の面積をS、周長をLとしたとき、「円形度=4πS/L2」の式で算出される。
〇:平均円形度が0.6以上であった。
×:平均円形度が0.6未満であった。
吸油量は、JK 5101-13-2の方法で測定した。粉体を測定板の上に置き、精製あまにIS 油をビュレットから一回に4、5滴ずつ徐々に加えた。その都度、パレットナイフで精製あまに油を試料に練り込む。これを繰り返し、精製あまに油及び試料の塊ができるまで滴下を続ける。以後、1滴ずつ滴下し、完全に混練するようにして繰り返し、ペーストが滑らかな硬さになったところを終点とした。
〇:吸油量が30ml/100g以上であった。
△:吸油量が20ml/100g以上30ml/100g未満であった。
×:吸油量が20ml/100g未満であった。
として判定した。
光拡散性は、分光変角色差計GC5000(日本電色製)を用いて評価した。ガラス板に乾燥粉体を乗せ、波長400nmから700nmにおいて、-45°の入射光に対する0°と45°の受光角度における分光反射率を測定した。波長600nmの光の-45°の入射光の+45°の反射光強度100に対する0°の反射光強度を光拡散指数とした。
「光散乱指数=(0°の散乱光強度)/(45°の散乱光強度)」とし、光拡散指数が1に近いほど角度依存性が低く、ソフトフォーカス性が高くなる。
〇:光拡散指数が0.9以上であった。
△:光拡散指数が0.6以上0.9未満であった。
×:光拡散指数が0.6未満であった。
として判定した。
乾燥粉体を1質量%の濃度で純水に添加し、攪拌子で24時間攪拌して分散させ、目視で凝集があるか確認した。
〇:目視で凝集物が確認されなかった。
×:目視で凝集物が確認された。
として判定した。
気温20℃、湿度40%RHの室内において、被験者(30代女性)の下腕の内側に実施例および比較例の各乾燥粉体を塗布した。具体的には各乾燥粉体0.1gを直径5cm程度の円状に指で塗り広げた。肌に塗布した際の使用感について、以下のように判定した。
○:肌に対するなじみが良く、肌への刺激が少ない。
×:肌に対するなじみが悪く、肌への刺激を感じる。
として判定した。
気温20℃、湿度40%RHの室内において、被験者(30代女性)の下腕の内側に実施例および比較例の各乾燥粉体を塗布した。具体的には乾燥粉体0.1gを直径5cm程度の円状に指で塗り広げた。塗布してから30分経過したのち、モイスチャーチェッカーMY-707S(スカラ株式会社)にて、乾燥粉体塗布箇所の肌の水分量を測定した。
○:水分量が60%以上であった。
×:水分量が60%未満であった。
として判定した。
2 コア粒子
3 微細繊維(セルロースナノファイバーおよびキチンナノファイバーの少なくとも一方である微細繊維)
4 ポア
6 液滴(疎水性)
7 親水性溶媒
8 安定化剤
9 液滴(親水性)
10 微細繊維被覆粒子
Claims (11)
- ポアを有するコア粒子と、
前記コア粒子の表面に結合されて不可分の状態にある微細繊維とを有し、
前記微細繊維がキチンナノファイバーを含む複合粒子。 - 前記コア粒子が少なくともポリマーを含有する請求項1記載の複合粒子。
- 前記コア粒子が多孔質または中空である請求項1または請求項2に記載の複合粒子。
- 前記複合粒子の光拡散度が0.6以上である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の複合粒子。
- 前記ポアに紫外線吸収剤、紫外線散乱剤、香料、消臭成分、美白成分、抗炎症成分、ピーリング剤、および着色剤の少なくとも一つを含む請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の複合粒子。
- 前記微細繊維はイオン性官能基を有する請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の複合粒子。
- 前記コア粒子が生分解性ポリマーを含む請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の複合粒子。
- キチン/キトサン原料を溶媒中で解繊して、キチンナノファイバーを含む微細繊維が分散された微細繊維分散液を得る工程と、
前記微細繊維分散液に、ポア形成剤とコア粒子前駆体を含む液滴とを分散させ、前記液滴の表面を前記微細繊維で被覆する工程と、
前記液滴の内部の前記コア粒子前駆体を固体化して、コア粒子の表面に前記微細繊維が被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子の分散液を得る工程と、
前記微細繊維被覆粒子を精製し、前記コア粒子内部に含まれるポア形成剤を除去する工程と、
を有する複合粒子の製造方法。 - キチン/キトサン原料を溶媒中で解繊して、キチンナノファイバーを含む微細繊維が分散された微細繊維分散液を得る工程と、
コア粒子前駆体にポア形成剤を含む液滴を分散させてW/O型エマルション液を作製し、前記微細繊維分散液に前記W/O型エマルション液を含む液滴を分散させ、前記W/O型エマルション液を含む液滴の表面を前記微細繊維で被覆してW/O/W型エマルション
液を作製する工程と、
前記液滴の内部の前記コア粒子前駆体を固体化して、ポア形成剤を含む液滴を有するコア粒子の表面に前記微細繊維が被覆された微細繊維被覆粒子の分散液を得る工程と、
前記微細繊維被覆粒子を精製し、前記コア粒子内部に含まれるポア形成剤を除去する工程と、
を有する複合粒子の製造方法。 - 前記コア粒子前駆体として、重合性モノマー、溶解ポリマー、および溶融ポリマーの少なくともいずれか用いる請求項8または請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の複合粒子を含むパーソナルケア製品。
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