JP7461461B2 - 薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂、ならびに樹脂成形体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂、ならびに樹脂成形体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7461461B2 JP7461461B2 JP2022512193A JP2022512193A JP7461461B2 JP 7461461 B2 JP7461461 B2 JP 7461461B2 JP 2022512193 A JP2022512193 A JP 2022512193A JP 2022512193 A JP2022512193 A JP 2022512193A JP 7461461 B2 JP7461461 B2 JP 7461461B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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Description
本発明の一実施形態は、一方向に配向して配列された複数の強化繊維と、上記強化繊維に含浸された樹脂組成物(マトリクス樹脂)と、を含む、薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂(UDシート)に関する。マトリクス樹脂は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂とスチレン系エラストマーとを含み、マトリクス樹脂の全質量に対するスチレン系エラストマーの含有量は、10質量%以上40質量%以下である。
上記強化繊維の材料は、特に限定されない。たとえば、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、アルミナ繊維、炭化珪素繊維、ボロン繊維、および金属繊維などを、上記強化繊維として用いることができる。これらのうち、力学特性に優れ、かつ成形品をより軽量化できる点から、炭素繊維が好ましい。上記炭素繊維の例には、PAN系の炭素繊維、ピッチ系の炭素繊維およびレーヨン系の炭素繊維が含まれる。これらのうち、強度と弾性率とのバランスに優れることから、PAN系の炭素長繊が好ましい。
マトリクス樹脂は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂とスチレン系エラストマーとを含む樹脂組成物である。マトリクス樹脂は、これら以外の樹脂成分や、充填材その他の樹脂成分以外の成分を含んでもよい。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂の種類は特に制限されず、プロピレン単独重合体であってもよく、プロピレン系共重合体であってもよく、これらの混合物であってもよい。ポリプロピレン系樹脂の立体規則性も特に限定されず、イソタクチックであっても、シンジオタクチックであっても、アタクチックであってもよい。上記立体規則性は、イソタクチックまたはシンジオタクチックであることが好ましい。ポリプロピレン系樹脂とは、プロピレン由来の構造単位の含有量が50モル%以上である樹脂を意味する。
上記スチレン系エラストマーは、スチレンに由来する少なくとも1個の重合体ブロックと共役ジエン化合物に由来する少なくとも1個の重合体ブロックとを含むブロック共重合体及びその水素添加物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の共重合体である。
マトリクス樹脂は、本発明の効果を奏する限りであれば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂以外の熱可塑性樹脂を含んでいても良い。ポリプロピレン系樹脂以外の熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂(PPS樹脂)、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂(変性PPE樹脂)、ポリアセタール樹脂(POM樹脂)、液晶ポリエステル、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリメチルメタクリレート樹脂(PMMA)などを含むアクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリイミド(PI)樹脂、ポリアミドイミド(PAI)樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI)樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリケトン樹脂、ポリエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリブテン樹脂、およびポリ4-メチル-1-ペンテン樹脂などを含むポリオレフィン樹脂(ポリプロピレン系樹脂を除く)、これらの変性物である変性ポリオレフィン樹脂(変性ポリプロピレン系樹脂を除く)、ならびにフェノキシ樹脂などが含まれる。上記ポリオレフィン樹脂は、エチレン/プロピレン共重合体(プロピレン由来の構造単位の含有量が50モル%未満である共重合体)、エチレン/1-ブテン共重合体、エチレン/プロピレン/ジエン共重合体(プロピレン由来の構造単位の含有量が50モル%未満である共重合体)、エチレン/一酸化炭素/ジエン共重合体、エチレン/(メタ)アクリル酸エチル共重合体、エチレン/(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジル、およびエチレン/酢酸ビニル/(メタ)アクリル酸グリシジル共重合体などを含む共重合体でもよい。
マトリクス樹脂は、本発明の効果を奏する限りであれば、スチレン系エラストマー以外の熱可塑性エラストマーを含んでいても良い。スチレン系エラストマー以外の熱可塑性エラストマーとしては、例えば、ポリエステル系エラストマー、ポリアミド系エラストマー、熱可塑性ポリウレタン系エラストマー(TPU)、オレフィン系エラストマー、ポリ塩化ビニル系エラストマー、およびフッ素系エラストマーなどが挙げられる。
マトリクス樹脂は、上記以外の樹脂や、上記強化繊維よりも短い長さの短繊維などの他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
UDシートは、公知の方法で上記強化繊維に上記マトリクス樹脂を含浸させて、作製することができる。
本発明の他の実施形態は、上述したUDシートと、熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体(以下、単に「基材成形体」ともいう。)と、を有する樹脂成形体に関する。
基材成形体は、1種または複数種の熱可塑性樹脂(以下、単に「基材樹脂」ともいう。)、および任意に配合される添加剤を含む、熱可塑性樹脂組成物を成形してなる成形体である。
上記樹脂成形体は、上述したUDシートと、基材成形体と、を有する。
上記樹脂成形体は、基材成形体をUDシートで被覆する(融着させる)公知の方法で作製することができる。
上記樹脂成形体の用途は限定されないが、他の構造材料の補強材として有用であり、特に、瞬間的な衝撃が発生する車両や航空機を構成する部材の補強材として有用である。
1-1.曲げ弾性率
JIS K7171(2016年)に規定する方法に準じて、試験速度1mm/min、支点間距離48mm、ならびに試験温度23、50および80℃の条件にて曲げ弾性率の測定をした。
UDシートを12.7mm×63.5mmの大きさに切断し、20枚の切断されたUDシートを、繊維が配向された方向が同一となるように金型の内部に配置した。その後、金型温度を180℃として4分間予熱した後、6MPaの圧力で3分間加圧した。その後、金型の内部を15℃で1分間冷却し、12.7mm×63.5mm×3.0mmのサイズの試験片を得た。この試験片の衝撃強度を、ASTMD 256に準拠して、ノッチ付き、荷重14.7J、23℃及び-30℃で5回測定し、これらの平均値をアイゾット衝撃強度(KJ/m2)とした。
2-1.強化繊維
炭素繊維束(三菱レイヨン株式会社製、パイロフィルTR50S12L、フィラメント数24000本、ストランド強度5000MPa、ストランド弾性率242GPa)を用意した。この炭素繊維束をアセトン中に浸漬し、10分間超音波を作用させ、その後炭素繊維束を引き上げさらに3回アセトンで洗浄し、室温で8時間乾燥して、付着しているサイジング剤を除去した。
20.0質量部のSEPS、78質量部のプロピレン系樹脂(P1)、および2.0質量部のプロピレン系樹脂(P2)を、180℃で溶融させて混錬し、マトリクス樹脂の混合物1を得た。
開繊された上記炭素繊維束を引き揃えて、溶融状態となっている上記マトリクス樹脂の混合物でコーティングされた含浸ロール接触させ、上記炭素繊維束に上記マトリクス樹脂の混合物を含浸させた。溶融させた上記マトリクス樹脂の混合物1の温度は260℃とし、上記含浸ロールの温度も260℃とした。
UDシート1~UDシート3の曲げ弾性率(23℃)およびアイゾット衝撃強度(23℃)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1において、組成中の数値は、各樹脂成分についてはSEPSの質量、プロピレン系樹脂(P1)の質量およびプロピレン系樹脂(P2)の質量の合計に対する、各樹脂成分の割合(単位:質量%)であり、強化繊維については、UDシートの全体積に対する炭素繊維の体積の割合(単位:体積%)である。
3-1.樹脂成形体の作製
3-1-1.樹脂成形体1~樹脂成形体3の作製
縦200mm横180mmの平板状のキャビティを有し、フィルムゲートが上側の一か所であり、製品肉厚が3mmとなる金型を準備した。この金型の上型および下型のそれぞれの全面に、繊維方向が金型の縦方向と一致するように、UDシート1を1枚ずつ配置した。
射出する熱可塑性樹脂組成物として、30質量%の短繊維のガラスファイバー(平均繊維長:0.05mm以上10mm以下)で強化したポリプロピレン(株式会社プライムポリマー社製、プライムポリプロR-350G)を用いた以外は樹脂成形体1~樹脂成形体3と同様にして、それぞれ樹脂成形体4~樹脂成形体6を得た。
射出する熱可塑性樹脂組成物として、79質量%の上記ポリプロピレン-ポリエチレンブロック共重合体と21質量%のタルク(松村産業株式会社製、ハイフィラー#5000PJ)との混合物用いた以外は樹脂成形体1~樹脂成形体3と同様にして、それぞれ樹脂成形体7~樹脂成形体9を得た。
樹脂成形体1~樹脂成形体9の曲げ弾性率(23℃、50℃、80℃)およびアイゾット衝撃強度(-30℃)を測定した。結果を表2~表4に示す。
Claims (15)
- 一方向に配向して配列された複数の強化繊維と、
前記強化繊維に含浸されたマトリクス樹脂と、を含み、
前記マトリクス樹脂は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂とスチレン系エラストマーとを含み、
前記マトリクス樹脂の全質量に対する、前記スチレン系エラストマーの含有量は、10質量%以上40質量%以下であり、
前記マトリクス樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が100℃以上である熱可塑性樹脂の含有率が1質量%以下である、
薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。 - 前記スチレン系エラストマーは、ポリスチレン-ポリエチレン・ブチレン-ポリスチレンブロック共重合体、およびポリスチレン-ポリエチレン・プロピレン-ポリスチレンブロック共重合体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の共重合体である、請求項1に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記繊維強化樹脂の全体積に対する前記強化繊維の含有量は、20体積%以上60体積%以下である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記マトリクス樹脂は、海島構造を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記マトリクス樹脂は、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂、及び前記スチレン系エラストマーのみを実質的に含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記強化繊維、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂、及び前記スチレン系エラストマーのみを実質的に含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂と、
熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体と、
を有する、樹脂成形体。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、ポリオレフィンを含む、請求項7に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、充填材を含む、請求項7または8に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記充填材は、タルク、ガラス繊維および炭素繊維からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の充填材である、請求項9に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物の全質量に対して5質量%以上40質量%以下の前記充填材を含む、請求項9または10に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂は、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体の表面に融着されている、請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂、前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体、および前記薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂がこの順に積層された積層体である、請求項7~12のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂を金型の内部に配置する工程と、
前記薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂が配置された金型の内部に溶融した熱可塑性樹脂組成物を導入する工程と、
を有する、樹脂成形体の製造方法。 - 熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体を用意する工程と、
前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物の成形体の表面に請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の薄膜状の繊維強化樹脂を融着させる工程と、
を有する、樹脂成形体の製造方法。
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