JP7439087B2 - 浸出液中の水素ガス注入による電池のリサイクル - Google Patents
浸出液中の水素ガス注入による電池のリサイクル Download PDFInfo
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- JP7439087B2 JP7439087B2 JP2021529332A JP2021529332A JP7439087B2 JP 7439087 B2 JP7439087 B2 JP 7439087B2 JP 2021529332 A JP2021529332 A JP 2021529332A JP 2021529332 A JP2021529332 A JP 2021529332A JP 7439087 B2 JP7439087 B2 JP 7439087B2
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- leachate
- cobalt
- transition metal
- process according
- Prior art date
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical class [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 169
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical class [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000010941 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910017052 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical class [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000681 Silicon-tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lambda2-silanylidenetin Chemical compound [Si].[Sn] LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical group [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Ni+2] ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 241000694440 Colpidium aqueous Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016365 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016722 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical group [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu].[Mo] WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical class CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YYXLGGIKSIZHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C.O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 YYXLGGIKSIZHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000443 hydrochloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;formate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C=O XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099690 malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MWCGLTCRJJFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenylethanethioamide Chemical compound CC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MWCGLTCRJJFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940074355 nitric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001637 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/009—General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F9/26—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions using gaseous reductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
- C22B23/0469—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods by chemical substitution, e.g. by cementation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0476—Separation of nickel from cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
- C22B3/46—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes by substitution, e.g. by cementation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Description
(a)遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることと、
(b)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c)工程(b)で得られた沈殿物の分離と、を含む電池から遷移金属を回収するためのプロセスによって達成される。
任意選択的に、遷移金属材料は、様々な方法によって工程(a)の前に処理することができる。
工程(a)は、遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることを含む。一形態では、浸出液は、コバルトの溶解塩を含有する。好ましい形態では、浸出液は、ニッケルの溶解塩を含有する。別の好ましい形態では、浸出液は、ニッケルおよびコバルトの溶解塩を含有する。
-硫酸、塩酸、硝酸などの無機酸、
-メタンスルホン酸、シュウ酸、クエン酸、アスパラギン酸、リンゴ酸、アスコルビン酸、もしくはグリシンなどの有機酸、
-アンモニア、アミンの水溶液、アンモニア、炭酸アンモニウム、もしくはアンモニアと二酸化炭素との混合物などの塩基、または
-EDTAもしくはジメチルグリオキシムなどのキレート剤、である。
工程(a)からの浸出液は、工程(b)でそれを使用する前に、工程(a1)、(a2)、および/または(a3)などの様々な方法によって処理することができる。好ましい形態では、工程(a1)、(a2)、および(a3)は、所与の順序で実行される。
浸出液は、通常、0.1重量%(wt.-%)~15重量%、好ましくは0.5重量%~12重量%、特に1~10重量%のニッケル塩の濃度を含み、この量は、ニッケルを指す。
(a)遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよびコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることと、
(b1)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、ニッケル還元触媒の存在下で、浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c1)工程(b1)で得られた沈殿物を分離して、コバルトの溶解塩を含むコバルト溶液を得ることと、
(b2)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、コバルト還元触媒の存在下でコバルト溶液中に水素ガスを注入して、コバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c2)工程(b2)で得られた沈殿物の分離と、を含む。
(a)遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよびコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることと、
(b3)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、コバルト還元触媒の存在下で、浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、コバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c3)工程(b3)で得られた沈殿物を分離して、ニッケルの溶解塩を含むニッケル溶液を得ることと、
(b4)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、ニッケル還元触媒の存在下でニッケル溶液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c4)工程(b4)で得られた沈殿物の分離と、を含む。
工程(c)は、工程(b)および任意選択的に、(b1)、(b2)、(b3)、または(b4)で得られた沈殿物の分離を含む。これは、固液分離、磁気分離、濾過、または沈降によって、好ましくは濾過または沈降によって達成することができる。分離されていない他の固体残留物が、工程(a)で得られた浸出液中に存在する場合、磁気分離によって元素ニッケルおよび/または元素コバルトを分離することが好ましい。
a)800℃の温度で廃電池材料を熱処理して得られた3gの材料である、コバルト(6.3重量%)、ニッケル(7.4重量%)、銅(2重量%)、リチウム(0.57重量%)、グラファイト(23重量%)、アルミニウム(6.5重量%)、鉄(0.2重量%)、亜鉛(0.2重量%)、フッ素(2.4重量%)、リン(0.4重量%)、およびマンガン(6.8重量%)を含有する材料を、21重量%の水酸化アンモニウムおよび9重量%の炭酸アンモニウムの146.03gの60℃の水溶液で5時間処理する。冷却後、懸濁液を濾過し、脱イオン水で洗浄して、0.081重量%のコバルト、0.094重量%のニッケル、および0.031重量%の銅、および0.001重量%未満のマンガンを含有する197.06gの(洗浄水を含有する)浸出濾液を得る。これは、85%のコバルト、83%のニッケル、100%の銅、1%未満のマンガンの浸出効率に相当する。
34.2gの硫酸アンモニウム、252gの脱イオン水、35gの水酸化アンモニウム溶液(28重量%)、93gの硫酸コバルト溶液(9重量%)、および87gの硫酸ニッケル溶液(10重量%)の混合物を出発物質として使用する。150gのこの溶液をオートクレーブに入れ、200℃まで加熱し、60バールの水素で加圧する。これらの反応条件下でオートクレーブを2時間保つ。冷却後、オートクレーブの内容物を濾過する。フィルタ残留物を脱イオン水で洗浄する。濾液(洗浄水を含む)は、0.16重量%のコバルトおよび0.0034重量%のニッケルを含有し、これは、金属沈殿物として65%のコバルトおよび99%のニッケルの回収に相当する。
本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
[項1]
電池から遷移金属を回収するためのプロセスであって、
(a)遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることと、
(b)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、前記浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c)工程(b)で得られた沈殿物の分離と、を含む、プロセス。
[項2]
前記水素ガスが、150~280℃の温度で前記浸出液中に注入される、項1に記載のプロセス。
[項3]
前記水素ガスが、5~100バール、例えば5~60バールまたは45~100バールの範囲の分圧で前記浸出液中に注入される、項1または2に記載のプロセス。
[項4]
前記水素ガスが、4を超えるpH値で前記浸出液中に注入される、項1~3のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項5]
前記浸出剤が、無機酸、有機酸、塩基、またはキレート剤を含む、項1~4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項6]
前記遷移金属材料が、金属として、またはその化合物のうちの1つ以上の形態で1~30重量%のニッケルを含有する、項1~5のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項7]
工程(a)では、前記浸出液が、ニッケルの溶解塩を含有し、工程(b)では、元素ニッケルが、任意選択的に、ニッケル還元触媒の存在下で沈殿する、項1~6のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項8]
(a)前記遷移金属材料を前記浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよびコバルトの溶解塩を含有する前記浸出液を得ることと、
(b1)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、ニッケル還元触媒の存在下で、前記浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c1)工程(b1)で得られた前記沈殿物を分離して、前記コバルトの溶解塩を含むコバルト溶液を得ることと、
(b2)100℃を超える温度および5バールを超える分圧で、任意選択的に、コバルト還元触媒の存在下で、前記コバルト溶液中に水素ガスを注入して、コバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c2)工程(b2)で得られた前記沈殿物の分離と、を含む、項1~7のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項9]
工程(c)において、前記沈殿物の前記分離が、磁気分離によって行われる、項1~8のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項10]
前記遷移金属材料が、リチウムおよびその化合物、導電性形態の炭素、電解質に使用される溶媒、アルミニウムおよびアルミニウムの化合物、鉄および鉄化合物、亜鉛および亜鉛化合物、シリコンおよびシリコン化合物、スズ、シリコン-スズ合金、有機ポリマー、フッ化物、ならびにリンの化合物から選択される少なくとも1つの電池成分を含有する、項1~9のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項11]
前記浸出液が、鉄、マンガン、リチウム、亜鉛、スズ、ジルコニウム、アルミニウム、タングステン、または銅の無機塩から選択される少なくとも1つのさらなる溶解成分を含有し、前記さらなる溶解成分が、工程(b)中、溶解形態のままである、項1~10のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項12]
工程
(a1)前記浸出液からの非溶解固形物の除去、をさらに含む、項1~11のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項13]
工程
(a2)前記浸出液のpH値を2.5~8に調整することと、
(a3)固液分離による、リン酸塩、酸化物、水酸化物、またはオキシ水酸化物の沈殿物を除去することと、をさらに含む、項1~12のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項14]
前記遷移金属材料が、機械的に処理された電池スクラップから得られるか、または製錬電池スクラップから金属合金として得られる、項1~13のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項15]
工程
(a5)セメンテーションによる前記浸出液からの貴金属および/または銅を除去すること、をさらに含む、項1~14のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
[項16]
工程
(a6)前記浸出液を含有する電解質の電気分解により、前記溶解した貴金属および/または銅不純物を元素貴金属および/または銅として粒子堆積カソード上に堆積させることにより、前記浸出液から貴金属および/または銅を除去すること、をさらに含む、項1~15のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
Claims (13)
- 電池から遷移金属を回収するためのプロセスであって、
機械的に処理された電池スクラップを、水素雰囲気または一酸化炭素を含有する雰囲気下で、400℃を超え、900℃以下の範囲の温度で、熱処理に供することで遷移金属材料を供給すること、
(a)前記遷移金属材料を浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの溶解塩を含有する浸出液を得ることと、
(b)オートクレーブにおいて、150~280℃の温度および45~60バールの分圧で、前記浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c)工程(b)で得られた沈殿物の分離と、を含む、プロセス。 - 前記水素ガスが、4を超えるpH値で前記浸出液中に注入される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記浸出剤が、無機酸、有機酸、塩基、またはキレート剤を含む、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記遷移金属材料が、金属として、またはその化合物のうちの1つ以上の形態で1~30重量%のニッケルを含有する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程(a)では、前記浸出液が、ニッケルの溶解塩を含有し、工程(b)では、元素ニッケルが、任意選択的に、ニッケル還元触媒の存在下で沈殿する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- (a)前記遷移金属材料を前記浸出剤で処理して、ニッケルおよびコバルトの溶解塩を含有する前記浸出液を得ることと、
(b1)オートクレーブにおいて、150~280℃の温度および45~60バールの分圧で、かつニッケル還元触媒の存在下で、前記浸出液中に水素ガスを注入して、ニッケルを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c1)工程(b1)で得られた前記沈殿物を分離して、前記コバルトの溶解塩を含むコバルト溶液を得ることと、
(b2)オートクレーブにおいて、150~280℃の温度および45~60バールの分圧で、かつコバルト還元触媒の存在下で、前記コバルト溶液中に水素ガスを注入して、コバルトを元素形態で沈殿させることと、
(c2)工程(b2)で得られた前記沈殿物の分離と、を含む、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 工程(c)において、前記沈殿物の前記分離が、磁気分離によって行われる、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記遷移金属材料が、リチウムおよびその化合物、導電性形態の炭素、電解質に使用される溶媒、アルミニウムおよびアルミニウムの化合物、鉄および鉄化合物、亜鉛および亜鉛化合物、シリコンおよびシリコン化合物、スズ、シリコン-スズ合金、有機ポリマー、フッ化物、ならびにリンの化合物から選択される少なくとも1つの電池成分を含有する、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記浸出液が、鉄、マンガン、リチウム、亜鉛、スズ、ジルコニウム、アルミニウム、タングステン、または銅の無機塩から選択される少なくとも1つのさらなる溶解成分を含有し、前記さらなる溶解成分が、工程(b)中、溶解形態のままである、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 工程
(a1)前記浸出液からの非溶解固形物の除去、をさらに含む、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 工程
(a2)前記浸出液のpH値を2.5~8に調整することと、
(a3)固液分離による、リン酸塩、酸化物、水酸化物、またはオキシ水酸化物の沈殿物を除去することと、をさらに含む、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 工程
(a5)セメンテーションによる前記浸出液からの貴金属および/または銅を除去すること、をさらに含む、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載のプロセス。 - 工程
(a6)前記浸出液を含有する電解質の電気分解により、前記浸出液に溶解した貴金属および/または銅不純物を元素貴金属および/または銅として粒子堆積カソード上に堆積させることにより、前記浸出液から貴金属および/または銅を除去すること、をさらに含む、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
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JP2022509811A (ja) | 2022-01-24 |
CA3120402A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
US20220010407A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
KR20210093919A (ko) | 2021-07-28 |
WO2020109045A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
EP3887557A1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
CN113242908A (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
AU2019389199A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
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