JP7433471B2 - 高分子電解質膜、その製造方法、及びそれを含む電気化学装置 - Google Patents
高分子電解質膜、その製造方法、及びそれを含む電気化学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7433471B2 JP7433471B2 JP2022562532A JP2022562532A JP7433471B2 JP 7433471 B2 JP7433471 B2 JP 7433471B2 JP 2022562532 A JP2022562532 A JP 2022562532A JP 2022562532 A JP2022562532 A JP 2022562532A JP 7433471 B2 JP7433471 B2 JP 7433471B2
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Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
前述したように、前記ラジカルスカベンジャーは、ヒドロキシル基(-OH)、アミン基(-NH2)、カルボキシル基(-COOH)、及びアミド基(CONH2)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の作用基を有する有機環状化合物を含む。
前記延伸フィルムは、例えば、フッ素系高分子[例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)]を含む支持体形成液(support-forming liquid)をフィルム状に成形した後、延伸によって前記フィルムに多数の空隙を形成することで製造することができる。
本発明の電気化学装置は、アノード、カソード、及びこれらの間に配置される前述した本発明の高分子電解質膜を含む。
20重量%のフッ素系イオン伝導体(Nafion)(登録商標)を含む分散液(分散媒:水及びイソプロピルアルコールを含む混合分散媒)にニコチン酸(nicotinic acid)を溶解させることで混合液を製造した。具体的には、前記フッ素系イオン伝導体100重量部に対して、1重量部のニコチン酸を前記分散液内に投入した後、室温で24時間撹拌して完全に溶解させることで前記混合液を得た。ついで、前記混合液をガラス基板上にキャストしてから乾燥させることで、約15μm厚さの高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにニコチンアミド(nicotinamide)を使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにイブプロフェン(ibuprofen)を使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
DMAc溶媒にニコチン酸を投入した後、室温で24時間撹拌して完全に溶解させることでニコチン酸溶液を得た。前記溶液内の前記ニコチン酸含量は0.15重量%であった。ついで、前記溶液に炭化水素系イオン伝導体を溶解させることで混合液を得た。使用された炭化水素系イオン伝導体の量は前記ニコチン酸の100倍であった(すなわち、前記混合液内の前記ニコチン酸の含量は前記炭化水素系イオン伝導体100重量部に対して1重量部であった)。ついで、前記混合液をガラス基板上にキャストしてから乾燥させることで約15μm厚さの高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記フッ素系イオン伝導体100重量部に対して0.5重量部のニコチン酸を前記分散液に溶解させたことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記フッ素系イオン伝導体100重量部に対して2重量部のニコチン酸を前記分散液に溶解させたことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記フッ素系イオン伝導体100重量部に対して5重量部のニコチン酸を前記分散液に溶解させたことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにビオチンを使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにビオチンを使ったことを除き、実施例4と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにアスコルビン酸(ascorbic acid)を使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにアスコルビン酸を使ったことを除き、実施例4と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにキトサン(chitosan)を使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにキトサンを使ったことを除き、実施例4と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
ニコチン酸の添加なしに、前記実施例1の分散液自体をガラス基板上にキャストしてから乾燥させることで約15μm厚さの高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりに金属系ラジカルスカベンジャーであるCe(NO3)3・6H2Oを使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
ニコチン酸が溶解していないDMAc溶媒に実施例4の炭化水素系イオン伝導体を溶解させることで得た溶液をガラス基板上にキャストしてから乾燥させることで約15μm厚さの高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりに金属系ラジカルスカベンジャーであるCe(NO3)3・6H2Oを使ったことを除き、実施例4と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにポリ(4-ビニルピリジン)(PVP)を使ったことを除き、実施例1と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
前記ニコチン酸の代わりにPVPを使ったことを除き、実施例4と同様な方法で高分子電解質膜を製造した。
高分子電解質膜の面内(In-Plane:IP)イオン伝導度をMagnetic Suspension Balance装置(Bell Japan社製)を用いて80℃及び50%RHで測定した。
高分子電解質膜の化学的耐久性評価のために化学的加速劣化評価であるフェントンテスト(Fenton’s test)を実施した。具体的には、10ppmのFeSO4及び30重量%のH2O2を含む水溶液に高分子電解質膜サンプル(5cm×5cm)を入れ、80℃で24時間撹拌しながら反応させた。フェントンテスト(Fenton’s test)ではFe2+が触媒として反応してH2O2がヒドロキシラジカルを形成し、この物質は高分子電解質膜の劣化要因として作用して劣化を加速させ、電解質の流出及びそれによる重量損失を引き起こす。テストの前と後に高分子電解質膜の重量をそれぞれ測定し、下記の式2を用いて高分子電解質膜の重量損失率を算出し、その結果を下記の表1に示した。
Claims (15)
- 電解質組成物を含む高分子電解質膜であって、
前記電解質組成物は、
イオン伝導体と、
ラジカルスカベンジャーと、
を含み、
前記ラジカルスカベンジャーは、置換または非置換のイブプロフェン(ibuprofen)、及び置換または非置換のビオチン(biotin)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の有機環状化合物を含む、高分子電解質膜。 - 前記有機環状化合物は、前記イオン伝導体100重量部に対して0.1~5重量部の含量で前記高分子電解質膜内に含まれている、請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記イオン伝導体は、スルホン酸基、カルボキシル基、ホウ酸基、リン酸基、イミド基、スルホンイミド基、スルホンアミド基、及びスルホン酸フルオライド基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のイオン交換基を有する、請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記イオン伝導体はフッ素系イオン伝導体または炭化水素系イオン伝導体である、請求項3に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜は、多数の空隙を有する多孔性支持体をさらに含み、
前記空隙は前記電解質組成物で充填されている、請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。 - 前記多孔性支持体は延伸フィルム(expanded film)または不織繊維ウェブ(nonwoven fibrous web)である、請求項5に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質膜の全体積に対する前記多孔性支持体の見掛体積(apparent volume)の比は5~90%である、請求項5に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- イオン伝導体及びラジカルスカベンジャーを含む混合液を準備する段階と、
前記混合液を用いて高分子電解質膜を形成する段階と、
を含み、
前記ラジカルスカベンジャーは、置換または非置換のイブプロフェン(ibuprofen)、及び置換または非置換のビオチン(biotin)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の有機環状化合物を含む、高分子電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記混合液準備段階は、
前記イオン伝導体が分散している分散液を準備する段階と、
前記分散液に前記ラジカルスカベンジャーを溶解させる段階と、
を含む、請求項8に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記イオン伝導体はフッ素系イオン伝導体である、請求項9に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記混合液準備段階は、
前記ラジカルスカベンジャーを溶媒に溶解させて第1溶液を得る段階と、
前記イオン伝導体を前記第1溶液に溶解させて第2溶液を得る段階と、
を含む、請求項8に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記イオン伝導体は炭化水素系イオン伝導体である、請求項11に記載の高分子電解質
- 前記有機環状化合物は、前記イオン伝導体100重量部に対して0.1~5重量部の含量で前記混合液内に含まれている、請求項8に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記混合液を用いた高分子電解質膜形成段階は、
多孔性支持体を準備する段階と、
前記多孔性支持体を前記混合液で含浸させる段階と、
前記混合液で含浸された前記多孔性支持体を乾燥させる段階と、
を含む、請求項8に記載の高分子電解質膜の製造方法。 - アノードと、
カソードと、
前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に配置された請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜と、 を含む、電気化学装置。
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