JP7408794B2 - リチウム二次電池正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7408794B2 JP7408794B2 JP2022523072A JP2022523072A JP7408794B2 JP 7408794 B2 JP7408794 B2 JP 7408794B2 JP 2022523072 A JP2022523072 A JP 2022523072A JP 2022523072 A JP2022523072 A JP 2022523072A JP 7408794 B2 JP7408794 B2 JP 7408794B2
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 NH4HPO4 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910002982 Li2MnO3 phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004320 Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Description
Claims (18)
- 下記の化学式1で表されるリチウム過剰層状酸化物(overlithiated layered oxide、OLO);及び
前記化学式1で表されるリチウム過剰層状酸化物の表面に形成された非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層;を含み、
1次粒子が凝集することによって2次粒子を形成し、
大きさが500nm超過10μm以下である1次粒子が、前記2次粒子を構成する1次粒子中に50vol%乃至100vol%に調節される、二次電池用正極活物質:
[化1]rLi2MnO3・(1-r)LiaNixCoyMnzM11-(x+y+z)O2
(前記化学式1において、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z≦1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Cu、In、S、B、Ge、Si及びBiから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。) - 前記非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層は、Si、B、P及びGeから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層は、下記の化学式2で表される物質を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質:
[化2]xLi2O*(1-x)M2aOb
(前記0<x≦0.8、0<a≦2、0<b≦5であり、M2は、Si、B、P及びGeから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。) - 前記非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層は、前記リチウム過剰層状酸化物に対して0.05mol%乃至5mol%の含量で含まれる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層の厚さは1nm乃至100nmである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1の前記M1は、前記1次粒子を成長させる融剤(Flux)として作用するドーパントである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1の前記M1は、Ba、Sr、B、P、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ta及びWから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1の前記M1は、前記リチウム過剰層状酸化物全体の金属のモル数に対して0.001mol%乃至10mol%で含まれる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウム過剰層状酸化物に含まれるNi、Co、又はMnの全体の金属のモル数に対するリチウムのモル数の比率(Li/Ni+Co+Mn)は、1.1乃至1.6である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記化学式1で表されるリチウム過剰層状酸化物において、Ni全体のモル数に対するMnのモル数の比率(Mn/Ni)は、1乃至4.5である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1の二次電池用正極活物質を製造する方法において、
正極活物質前駆体を製造する第1段階;
前記正極活物質前駆体にリチウム化合物を混合して焼成し、リチウム複合酸化物を形成する第2段階;及び
前記第2段階で形成された物質とコーティング前駆体とを混合し、非晶質ガラス酸化物コーティング層を形成する第3段階;を含む、二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記第2段階は、前記化学式1のM1を含む化合物をさらに混合して焼成する、請求項11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第3段階は、第2段階で形成された物質とコーティング前駆体とを混合した後、250℃乃至700℃で7時間乃至12時間維持した後、炉冷(Furnace cooling)する段階を含む、請求項11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記コーティング前駆体は、B2O3、P2O5、H3BO3、NH4HPO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、及びH3PO4から選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である、請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1段階後、第2段階前に、300℃乃至600℃で製造された前駆体を焙焼する段階をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1段階後、第2段階前に、前記焼成された物質を水洗する段階をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2段階後、第3段階前に、前記焼成された物質を水洗する段階をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1の正極活物質を含む二次電池。
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