JP7391455B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法および前記方法により製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法および前記方法により製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7391455B2 JP7391455B2 JP2022521164A JP2022521164A JP7391455B2 JP 7391455 B2 JP7391455 B2 JP 7391455B2 JP 2022521164 A JP2022521164 A JP 2022521164A JP 2022521164 A JP2022521164 A JP 2022521164A JP 7391455 B2 JP7391455 B2 JP 7391455B2
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Description
本発明者らは、リチウム遷移金属酸化物に炭素系コーティング層の形成時に、特定の構造を有する炭素系物質を使用し、この際、メカノフュージョン法によって炭素系コーティング層を形成することで、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の構造変更なしに、その表面に均一且つ薄いコーティング層を形成することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造される正極活物質を提供し、具体的には、前記正極活物質は、一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子状のリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に形成された炭素コーティング層とを含み、前記炭素コーティング層は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の一次粒子の表面および二次粒子の表面に形成され、前記炭素コーティング層の厚さは、500nm以下、好ましくは5nm~100nmであり、BET比表面積が10m2/g以下である。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造された正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであることができ、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であることができる。
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物と比表面積が320m2/gであり、黒鉛化度(ID/IG)が1.0である中空構造(hollow structure)のカーボンブラックをリチウム遷移金属酸化物500gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合した。前記実施例1の混合物を先ずペイントシェーカー(1400 Al classic shaker、Red Devil社製)に投入し、60分間混合して、遷移金属酸化物と中空構造のカーボンブラックが均一に分散するようにした。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物200gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物100gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物50gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
前記実施例1の混合物をペイントシェーカー(paint shaker、(1400 Al classic shaker、Red Devil社製)に投入し、60分間混合してリチウム遷移金属酸化物とカーボンブラックが均一に混合した形態の正極活物質を製造した。
炭素コーティング層を形成していないリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質として使用した。
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、比表面積が85m2/gであり、黒鉛化度(ID/IG)が1.0である緻密(dense)な構造のカーボンブラックをリチウム遷移金属酸化物200gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合した。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物500gに対してカーボンブラックが1重量%になるように混合する以外は、前記比較例3と同じ方法で正極活物質を製造した。
前記比較例3の混合物をペイントシェーカーに投入し、60分間混合して、リチウム遷移金属酸化物とカーボンブラックが均一に混合した形態の正極活物質を製造した。
(1)正極活物質の表面特性の確認
前記実施例1~2および比較例1~4の正極活物質の表面特性を確認し、これを図2~図5に示した。
前記実施例1~4および比較例1~5の正極活物質の比表面積は、BET法によって測定したものであり、具体的には、BEL Japan社製のBELSORP-mini IIを用いて、液体窒素温度下(77K)での窒素ガス吸着量から算出して表1に示した。
実施例1~4および比較例1~5で製造した正極活物質5gをホルダーに入れた後、20kNの力を加えて圧延した後、ファウダー専用4-probe電極(三菱ケミカル、粉体抵抗システム(MCP=PD51)を用いて、前記正極活物質の粉体電気伝導度を測定し、これを下記表1に示した。
前記実施例1~4および比較例1~5で製造した正極活物質を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造し、実施例1~4および比較例1~5の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池それぞれに対して、容量を評価した。
Claims (7)
- 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子状のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を準備するステップと、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物と複数の気孔を有する中空構造の炭素系物質を混合して混合物を形成するステップと、
前記混合物を機械的方式で表面処理して、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に炭素コーティング層を形成するステップとを含み、
前記複数の気孔を有する中空構造の炭素系物質は、比表面積が200m2/g以上であり、黒鉛化度(ID/IG)が0.5以上であり、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物100重量部に対して、前記炭素系物質を0.1~2重量部混合し、
前記炭素系物質は、比表面積が200m 2 /g~500m 2 /g未満である、正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記混合物を機械的方式で表面処理することは、メカノフュージョン(mechanofusion)法により行われる、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記炭素系物質は、黒鉛化度(ID/IG)が0.5~2.0である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子状のリチウム遷移金属酸化物と、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面全体に形成された炭素コーティング層とを含み、
前記炭素コーティング層は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の一次粒子の表面および二次粒子の表面に形成され、
BET比表面積が10m2/g以下である、正極活物質であって、
前記正極活物質は、5~20kNの力を加えて圧延した後、測定した粉体電気伝導度が2.7×10 -3 S/cm~10.0×10 -3 S/cmであり、
前記炭素コーティング層の厚さは、500nm以下である、正極活物質。 - 前記正極活物質は、BET比表面積が1.0m2/g~10.0m2/gである、請求項4に記載の正極活物質。
- 請求項4に記載の正極活物質を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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