JP7340780B2 - 角形非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
角形非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7340780B2 JP7340780B2 JP2020569406A JP2020569406A JP7340780B2 JP 7340780 B2 JP7340780 B2 JP 7340780B2 JP 2020569406 A JP2020569406 A JP 2020569406A JP 2020569406 A JP2020569406 A JP 2020569406A JP 7340780 B2 JP7340780 B2 JP 7340780B2
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
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- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
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- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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Description
正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極合材層とを備える。正極集電体は、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、例えば正極活物質、結着材、導電材を含む。正極合材層は、正極集電体の両面に形成されることが好ましい。正極は、例えば正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極集電体上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧延して、正極合材層を正極集電体の両面に形成することにより製造できる。
図2は、実施形態の一例である負極の断面図である。図2に例示するように、負極20は、負極集電体30と、負極集電体30上に形成された負極合材層31とを備える。負極集電体30には、例えば、銅、銅合金などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層31は、負極集電体30の両面に形成されることが好ましい。負極20は、例えば負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを負極集電体30上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧延して、負極合材層31を負極集電体30の両面に形成することにより製造できる。
セパレータは、例えば、イオン透過性および絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレンおよびプロピレンの少なくとも一方を含む共重合体等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータの表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩とを含む。電解質塩は、リチウム塩であることが好ましい。リチウム塩の例としては、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiSCN、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、Li(P(C2O4)F4)、LiPF6-x(CnF2n+1)x(1<x<6,nは1又は2)、LiB10Cl10、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、クロロボランリチウム、低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、Li2B4O7、Li(B(C2O4)F2)等のホウ酸塩類、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(ClF2l+1SO2)(CmF2m+1SO2){l,mは0以上の整数}等のイミド塩類などが挙げられる。リチウム塩は、これらを1種単独で用いてもよいし、複数種を混合して用いてもよい。
[正極]
正極活物質として、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を用いた。正極活物質を94.8質量部と、アセチレンブラックを4質量部と、PVDFを1.2質量部とを混合し、さらにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体のリードが接続される部分を残して、正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた。ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延した後、所定の電極サイズに切断し、正極集電体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を作製した。
第1炭素系活物質としての黒鉛A(タップ密度が0.89g/cm3、BET比表面積が6.3m2/g)と、Si系活物質としての炭素被膜を有するSiOx(x=0.94)と、PAAのリチウム塩と、CMCのナトリウム塩と、SBRのディスパージョンとを、88/9/1/1/1の固形分質量比で混合し、水を適量加えて、第1層用の第1負極合材スラリーを調製した。また、第2炭素系活物質としての黒鉛B(タップ密度が1.08g/cm3、BET比表面積が2.8m2/g)と、CMCのナトリウム塩と、SBRのディスパージョンとを、98/1/1の固形分質量比で混合し、水を適量加えて、第2層用の第2負極合材スラリーを調製した。
フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、20:40:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒にビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%添加し、LiPF6を1.2モル/Lの割合で溶解させて非水電解質を調製した。
上記負極および上記正極にリードをそれぞれ取り付け、セパレータを介して各電極を1枚ずつ交互に積層された積層型の電極体を作製した。セパレータには、単層のポリプロピレン製セパレータを用いた。作製した電極体及び上記非水電解質を角形の電池ケースに収容して、角形試験セルを作製した。
非水電解質の調製において、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、10:10:40:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
非水電解質の調製において、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、10:10:40:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
炭素系活物質としての黒鉛A(タップ密度が0.89g/cm3、BET比表面積が6.3m2/g)と、Si系活物質としての炭素被膜を有するSiOx(x=0.94)と、PAAのリチウム塩と、CMCのナトリウム塩と、SBRのディスパージョンとを、92/6/1/1/1の固形分質量比で混合し、水を適量加えて、第1層用の第1負極合材スラリーを調整し、銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面にリードが接続される部分を残して、第1負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させて負極集電体の両面に1層を形成し、第2層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
非水電解質の調製において、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、20:40:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
非水電解質の調製において、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
比較例1と同様に作製した負極を用いたこと、非水電解質の調製において、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、20:40:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒を用いたこと、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形試験セルを作製した。
各実施例及び各比較例の角形試験セルについて、角形試験セルの最大平面に垂直な中央部を1MPaで加重した時の厚みを測定した。そして、各実施例及び各比較例の角形試験セルを、金属板を用いて所定厚みに拘束した後、25℃の温度環境下、0.3Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.3Vになるまで定電流で充電した後、4.3Vで電流値が1/50Itになるまで定電圧で充電した。その後、0.3Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを200サイクル行った。そして、200サイクル後の角形試験セルについて、金属板から外し、角形試験セルの最大平面に垂直な中央部を1MPaで加重した時の厚みを測定した。充放電サイクル前の角形試験セルの厚みと200サイクル後の角形試験セルの厚みとの差から、電池膨れの量[mm]を求めた。
Claims (3)
- 正極と、負極と、電解質塩及び非水溶媒を有する非水電解質とを備える角形非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体上に形成された負極合材層とを備え、
前記負極合材層は、
第1炭素系活物質、Si系活物質、及びポリアクリル酸又はその塩を含み、前記負極集電体上に形成された第1層と、
第2炭素系活物質を含み、前記第1層上に形成された第2層と、を有し、
前記第1層の質量は、前記負極合材層の質量に対して50質量%以上90質量%未満であり、前記第2層の質量は、前記負極合材層の質量に対して10質量%超50質量%以下であり、
前記非水溶媒は、環状カーボネートを含み、前記環状カーボネートの総含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して20体積%以上30体積%以下であって、前記環状カーボネートに属するフルオロエチレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して、0体積%以上20体積%以下であり、前記環状カーボネートに属するエチレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して10体積%以下であり、
前記非水電解質は、ビニレンカーボネートを含み、前記非水電解質中の前記ビニレンカーボネートの含有量は、0.2質量%以上5質量%以下である、角形非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記環状カーボネートは、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを含み、前記環状カーボネートに属するフルオロエチレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して、10体積%以上20体積%以下である、請求項1に記載の角形非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状カーボネートに属するプロピレンカーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して10体積%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の角形非水電解質二次電池。
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