JP7471729B2 - 高エネルギー密度を有する電極組立体およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
高エネルギー密度を有する電極組立体およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7471729B2 JP7471729B2 JP2022558532A JP2022558532A JP7471729B2 JP 7471729 B2 JP7471729 B2 JP 7471729B2 JP 2022558532 A JP2022558532 A JP 2022558532A JP 2022558532 A JP2022558532 A JP 2022558532A JP 7471729 B2 JP7471729 B2 JP 7471729B2
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical class Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC=1OC(O)=C(O)C=1O BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Description
本発明は一実施形態において、
正極合剤層の全体100重量部に対して、下記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルト酸化物を含む正極活物質85~95重量部と、下記化学式2で表されるリチウムコバルト酸化物および下記化学式3で表されるリチウム鉄酸化物のうちの何れか1つ以上を含む正極添加剤0.1~5重量部とを含有する正極合剤層を備える正極、
負極活物質の全体100重量部に対して、黒鉛80~95重量部と、ケイ素(Si)含有粒子1~20重量部とを含む負極合剤層を備える負極、および
上記正極と上記負極との間に位置する分離膜を含む、電極組立体を提供する。
Lix[NiyCozMnwM1 v]O2
LipCo1-qM2 qO4
LiaFe1-bM3 bO4
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、vはそれぞれ、1.0≦x≦1.30、0≦y<1、0<z≦0.6、0<w≦0.6、0≦v≦0.2であり、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqはそれぞれ、5≦p≦7、0≦q≦0.2であり、
M3は、Al、Mg、Ni、Co、Mn、Ti、Ga、Cu、V、Nb、Zr、Ce、In、ZnおよびYから選択される1種以上であり、
aおよびbはそれぞれ、4≦a≦6、0≦b≦0.5である。
0.05≦SCM1st/SCM2nd≦0.9
SCM1stは、第1正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示し、
SCM2ndは、第2正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示す。
[式2]
2≦D1st/D2nd≦15
上記式2において、
D1stは、第1正極合剤層の平均厚さを表し、
D2ndは、第2正極合剤層の平均厚さを示す。
本発明は一実施形態において、
正極合剤層の全体100重量部に対して、下記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルト酸化物を含む正極活物質85~95重量部と、下記化学式2で表されるリチウムコバルト酸化物および下記化学式3で表されるリチウム鉄酸化物のうちのいずれか1つ以上を含む正極添加剤0.1~5重量部とを含有する正極合剤層を備える正極、
負極活物質の全体100重量部に対して、黒鉛80~95重量部と、ケイ素(Si)含有粒子1~20重量部とを含む負極合剤層を備える負極、および
上記正極と上記負極との間に位置する分離膜を含む電極組立体を提供する。
[化学式1]
Lix[NiyCozMnwM1 v]O2
[化学式2]
LipCo1-qM2 qO4
[化学式3]
LiaFe1-bM3 bO4
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、vはそれぞれ、1.0≦x≦1.30、0≦y<1、0<z≦0.6、0<w≦0.6、0≦v≦0.2であり、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqはそれぞれ、5≦p≦7、0≦q≦0.2であり、
M3は、Al、Mg、Ni、Co、Mn、Ti、Ga、Cu、V、Nb、Zr、Ce、In、ZnおよびYから選択される1種以上であり、
aおよびbはそれぞれ、4≦a≦6、0≦b≦0.5である。
Lix[NiyCozMnwM1 v]O2
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、およびvはそれぞれ、1.0≦x≦1.30、0≦y<1、0<z≦0.6、0<w≦0.6、0≦v≦0.2である。
[化学式2]
LipCo1-qM2 qO4
[化学式3]
LiaFe1-bM3 bO4
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqはそれぞれ、5≦p≦7、0≦q≦0.2であり、
M3は、Al、Mg、Ni、Co、Mn、Ti、Ga、Cu、V、Nb、Zr、Ce、In、ZnおよびYのうちから選択された1種以上であり、
aおよびbはそれぞれ、4≦a≦6、0≦b≦0.5である。
0.05≦SCM1st/SCM2nd≦0.9
上記式1において、
SCM1stは、第1正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示し、
SCM2ndは、第2正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示す。
2≦D1st/D2nd≦15
上記式2において、
D1stは第1正極合剤層の平均厚さを表し、
D2ndは第2正極合剤層の平均厚さを示す。
また、本発明は、一実施形態において、上記電極組立体を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
さらに、本発明は、一実施形態において、上述した二次電池を単位電池として含む電池モジュールを提供し、上記電池モジュールを含む電池パックを提供する。
ホモミキサー(homo mixer)にN‐メチルピロリドン溶媒を注入する。次に、第1正極合剤層および第2正極合剤層を構成するために、正極活物質であるLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、導電材であるカーボンブラック、バインダーであるPVdF、および正極添加剤であるLi6CoO4を下記表1に示すように秤量して、それぞれ別々に投入する。次に、3、000rpmで60分間を混合して第1正極合剤層形成用スラリーと第2正極合剤層形成用スラリーをそれぞれ用意した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC):ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)=1:1:1(体積比)の混合物に、リチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート( LiPF6、1.0M)およびビニルカーボネート(VC、2重量%)を混合した溶液を意味する。
本発明によって製造された電極組立体の性能を評価するために、下記の実験を行った。
実施例2と比較例1~4で用意されたセルに対して、25℃で0.1C/0.1C条件で1回の充放電を実施してフォーメーションを行いながら、発生されるガス量と成分をそれぞれ分析し、その結果を下記表2に示した。
実施例と比較例で作製されたセルに対して、25℃の温度で0.05Cの充電電流で充電終止電圧で4.2~4.25Vまで充電し、0.02Vで電流密度が0.01Cになるまで充電した。その後、0.05Cの放電電流で終止電圧2Vまで放電させ、電極の抵抗と単位質量当たりの充放電容量を測定した後、測定された充放電容量と下記式3および式4に従って初期効率および容量維持率を算出した。1番目のサイクル以降には0.5Cの電流で充放電して400サイクルを繰り返し行った後、電極の抵抗を測定して抵抗変化量を算出し、下記式3に従って400回充放電後の容量維持率を算出した。その結果は下記表3に示した。
初期効率(%)=(1サイクルでの放電容量/1サイクルでの充電容量)×100
容量維持率(%)=(400サイクルでの放電容量/1サイクルでの放電容量)×100
Claims (13)
- 正極合剤層の全体100重量部に対して、下記化学式1で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルト酸化物を含む正極活物質85~95重量部と、下記化学式2で表されるリチウムコバルト酸化物および下記化学式3で表されるリチウム鉄酸化物のうちの1つ以上を含む正極添加剤0.1~5重量部とを含有する正極合剤層を備える正極、
負極活物質の全体100重量部に対して、黒鉛80~95重量部と、ケイ素(Si)含有粒子1~20重量部とを含む負極合剤層を備える負極、および
前記正極と前記負極との間に介在される分離膜を含み、
[化学式1]
Lix[NiyCozMnwM1 v]O2
[化学式2]
LipCo1-qM2 qO4
[化学式3]
LiaFe1-bM3 bO4
前記化学式1~化学式3において、
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、およびvはそれぞれ、1.0≦x≦1.30、0≦y<1、0<z≦0.6、0<w≦0.6、0≦v≦0.2であり、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqはそれぞれ、5≦p≦7、0≦q≦0.2であり、
M3は、Al、Mg、Ni、Co、Mn、Ti、Ga、Cu、V、Nb、Zr、Ce、In、ZnおよびYの中から選択された1種以上であり、
aおよびbはそれぞれ、4≦a≦6、0≦b≦0.5であり、
前記正極合剤層は、正極集電体上に第1正極合剤層および第2正極合剤層が順次に積層された2層構造を有し、かつ下記式1の条件を満たし、
[式1]
0.05≦SCM 1st /SCM 2nd ≦0.9
前記式1において、
SCM 1st は第1正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示し、
SCM 2nd は第2正極合剤層に含有された正極添加剤の含量を示し、
前記正極合剤層は下記式2の条件を満たし、
[式2]
2≦D 1st /D 2nd ≦15
前記式2において、
D 1st は第1正極合剤層の平均厚さを示し、
D 2nd は第2正極合剤層の平均厚さを示す、電極組立体。 - 前記正極合剤層は100μm~200μmの平均厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記正極合剤層は、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラックおよび炭素繊維からなる群から選択される1種以上の導電材をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記導電材は前記正極合剤層100重量部に対して0.1~10重量部で含まれる、請求項3に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記正極合剤層および前記負極合剤層のうちの一つ以上は、フッ化ビニリデンヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デンプン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、再生セルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアクリル酸、エチレン‐プロピレン‐ジエンモノマー、スルホン化エチレン‐プロピレン‐ジエンモノマー、スチレンブタジゴムおよびフッ素ゴムからなる群から選択される1つ以上のバインダーを含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記バインダーは、前記正極合剤層または前記負極合剤層の100重量部に対して、0.1~10重量部で含まれる、請求項5に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記負極合剤層は、負極活物質の全体100重量部に対して、前記ケイ素(Si)含有粒子1~9重量部を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記負極合剤層は、負極活物質の全体100重量部に対して、前記ケイ素(Si)含有粒子11~19重量部を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記ケイ素(Si)含有粒子は、ケイ素(Si)、一酸化ケイ素(SiO)粒子および二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)粒子のうちの1種以上を含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記ケイ素(Si)含有粒子は、炭化ケイ素(SiC)粒子をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の電極組立体。
- 前記ケイ素(Si)含有粒子の平均粒度(D50)は0.01μm~10μmである、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の電極組立体を含む、リチウム二次電池。
- 請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池を含む、電池モジュール。
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