JP2023532653A - 正極添加剤を含有するリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
正極添加剤を含有するリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023532653A JP2023532653A JP2022579102A JP2022579102A JP2023532653A JP 2023532653 A JP2023532653 A JP 2023532653A JP 2022579102 A JP2022579102 A JP 2022579102A JP 2022579102 A JP2022579102 A JP 2022579102A JP 2023532653 A JP2023532653 A JP 2023532653A
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- positive electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- -1 super P Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、一実施形態において、
正極と、負極と、正極と負極の間に配置される分離膜と、を含む電極組立体と、
電解液と、を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
上記正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に位置し、正極活物質、下記化学式1で示す正極添加剤、導電材およびバインダーを含む正極合材層と、を備え、
上記リチウム二次電池は、3.5~4.5Vの電圧および0.1~0.5Cの電流条件下の活性化工程でSOC100%充電後、下記の式1が2.0以上および20.0以下を満たす、リチウム二次電池を提供する:
LipCo(1-q)M1 qO4
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqは、それぞれ5≦p≦7および0≦q≦0.5であり、
ALCO/A0
ALCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml)を示し、
A0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml)を示す。
BLCO/B0
BLCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml)を示し、
B0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml)を示す。
Lix[NiyCozMnwM2 v]Ou
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、vおよびuは、それぞれ1.0≦x≦1.30、0.1≦y<0.95、0.01<z≦0.5、0.01<w≦0.5、0≦v≦0.2、1.5≦u≦4.5である。
リチウム二次電池を3.5~4.5Vの電圧および0.1~0.5Cの電流条件下でSOC10%~100%充電する過程を含むリチウム二次電池の活性化方法を提供する。
本発明は、一実施形態において、
正極と、
負極と、
正極と負極の間に配置される分離膜と、を含む電極組立体と、
電解質と、を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
LipCo(1-q)M1 qO4
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqは、それぞれ5≦p≦7および0≦q≦0.5である。
ALCO/A0
ALCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示し、
A0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示す。
BLCO/B0
BLCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示し、
B0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示す。
Lix[NiyCozMnwM2 v]Ou
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、vおよびuは、それぞれ1.0≦x≦1.30、0.1≦y<0.95、0.01<z≦0.5、0.01<w≦0.5、0≦v≦0.2、1.5≦u≦4.5である。
本発明は、一実施形態において、
リチウム二次電池を3.5~4.5Vの電圧および0.1~0.5Cの電流条件下でSOC10%~100%充電する過程を含むリチウム二次電池の活性化方法を提供する。
ALCO/A0
ALCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示し、
A0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示す。
1)リチウム二次電池の製造
正極活物質としてLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.1Al0.1O2 96重量部、正極添加剤としてLi6CoO4 1重量部、バインダーとしてPVDF2重量部、導電材としてカーボンブラック3重量部を秤量して、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒中で混合して、正極合材層用スラリーを製造した(正極活物質:正極添加剤=99.15:0.85)。アルミホイルに上記正極合材層用スラリーを塗布し、乾燥させた後、圧延して、正極合材層(平均厚さ:130μm)を備える正極を形成した。
製造されたリチウム二次電池を対象に活性化段階を行った。具体的に、活性化段階を行う温度は55℃であり、定電流0.2Cおよび4.3Vの条件で二次電池の容量(SOC)が100%となるまで充電して、リチウム二次電池の活性化段階を行った。充電後、ジグを用いて電池内のガスを脱気した。
リチウム二次電池の製造時に正極活物質および正極添加剤の含有量を変更したことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。製造されたリチウム二次電池を対象に活性化段階を行った。
本発明によるリチウム二次電池用正極の性能を評価するために、下記のような実験を行った。
実施例と比較例によるリチウム二次電池の活性化工程(formation)時に内部で発生する各ガスの成分と含有量を分析し、その結果は、下記表2に示した。
実施例と比較例で活性化したリチウム二次電池を2Vで放電(C-rate=0.1C)し、以後、対象に25℃で充電終止電圧4.25V、放電終止電圧2.5V、0.5C/0.5Cの条件で100回充放電(n=100)を実施して、容量保持率(Capacity Retention[%])を測定した。このとき、上記容量保持率は、下記の式1を用いて算出し、その結果を下記の表6に示した:
容量保持率(%)=(n回充放電時の放電容量/1回充放電時の放電容量)×100
Claims (12)
- 正極と、負極と、正極と負極の間に配置される分離膜と、を含む電極組立体と、
電解液と、を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に位置し、正極活物質、下記化学式1で示す正極添加剤、導電材およびバインダーを含む正極合材層と、を備え、
前記リチウム二次電池は、3.5V~4.5Vの電圧および0.1C~0.5Cの電流条件下の活性化工程でSOC100%充電後、下記の式1が2.0以上および20.0以下を満たす、リチウム二次電池:
[化学式1]
LipCo(1-q)M1 qO4
前記化学式1中、
M1は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
pおよびqは、それぞれ5≦p≦7および0≦q≦0.5であり、
[式1]
ALCO/A0
式1中、
ALCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示し、
A0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、一酸化炭素(CO)および二酸化炭素(CO2)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示す。 - 式1が3.0以上を満たす、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウム二次電池は、下記式2が0.8以下を満たす、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[式2]
BLCO/B0
式2中、
BLCOは、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有する場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示し、
B0は、正極に化学式1で示す正極添加剤を含有しない場合の、プロペン(C3H6)およびプロパン(C3H8)のガス発生量(ml/Ah)を示す。 - 正極添加剤は、空間群がP42/nmcである正方晶系構造を有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 正極添加剤の含有量は、正極合材層100重量部に対して0.1~5重量部である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 正極活物質は、下記化学式2で示すリチウム金属複合酸化物である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式2]
Lix[NiyCozMnwM2 v]Ou
前記化学式2中、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素であり、
x、y、z、w、vおよびuは、それぞれ1.0≦x≦1.30、0.1≦y<0.95、0.01<z≦0.5、0.01<w≦0.5、0≦v≦0.2、1.5≦u≦4.5である。 - 導電材は、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、デンカブラック、ケッチェンブラック、スーパーP、チャネルブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック、サーマルブラック、グラフェンおよびカーボンナノチューブからなる群から選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 導電材は、正極合材層100重量部に対して0.1~5重量部で含まれる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体上に位置し、負極活物質を含有する負極合材層と、を備え、
前記負極活物質は、炭素物質およびシリコン物質を含有する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - シリコン物質は、ケイ素(Si)粒子および酸化ケイ素(SiOX、1≦X≦2)粒子のうち1種以上を含む、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- シリコン物質は、負極合材層100重量部に対して1~20重量部で含まれる、請求項9または10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池を3.5~4.5Vの電圧および0.1~0.5Cの電流条件下でSOC10%~100%充電する過程を含むリチウム二次電池の活性化方法。
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