JP7318640B2 - 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003519 bicyclobutyls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005350 bicyclononyls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptylcycloheptane Chemical group C1CCCCCC1C1CCCCCC1 ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctylcyclooctane Chemical group C1CCCCCCC1C1CCCCCCC1 NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAEGRYMCJYIXQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiooxamide Chemical compound NC(=S)C(N)=S OAEGRYMCJYIXQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWRYTNDOEJYQME-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;sulfanylideneiron Chemical compound [Li].[Fe]=S LWRYTNDOEJYQME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WIVYTYZCVWHWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(4-aminophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 WIVYTYZCVWHWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/26—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C271/28—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
1.少なくとも1つの芳香環を有しかつアミノ基を有しない化合物の該芳香環の炭素原子に結合する水素原子の少なくとも1つが、下記式(1)で表される基で置換された化合物からなる非水電解液用添加剤。
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、チオール基、シリル基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい、炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基若しくは炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基であり;
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、チオール基、シリル基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基であり;
Z3は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、シリル基、又はチオール基であり;
破線は、結合手である。)
2.更に、前記芳香環の炭素原子に結合する残りの水素原子の少なくとも1つが、下記式(2)で表される基で置換されている1の非水電解液用添加剤。
Z1、Z2及び破線は、前記と同じである。)
3.Ryが、水素原子である2の非水電解液用添加剤。
4.下記式(3)~(5)のいずれかで表される化合物からなる1~3のいずれかの非水電解液用添加剤。
R2~R5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、ボロン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、シリル基、チオール基、-O-RA、-O-C(=O)-RB、又は-C(=O)-O-RCであり、RA、RB及びRCは、それぞれ独立に、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基、又はZ2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基であり;
Rx、Z1及びZ2は、前記と同じである。)
5.R1が、-C(=O)-O-Rx又は水素原子である4の非水電解液用添加剤。
6.R2~R5が、全て水素原子である4又は5の非水電解液用添加剤。
7.1~6のいずれかの非水電解液用添加剤を含む非水電解液。
8.前記添加剤の含有量が、0.01~10質量%である7の非水電解液。
9.前記添加剤の含有量が、0.1~1質量%である8の非水電解液。
10.7~9のいずれかの非水電解液、並びにリチウムを吸蔵・放出することが可能な正極及び負極を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池。
11.4.35~5Vの範囲で充電して使用する10のリチウムイオン二次電池。
12.前記正極に含まれる正極活物質が、リチウム複合層状酸化物である10又は11のリチウムイオン二次電池。
13.前記リチウム複合層状酸化物が、下記式(7)で表される化合物である12のリチウムイオン二次電池。
Li(NiaCobMnc)O2 (7)
(式中、a、b及びcは、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦1及びa+b+c=1を満たす数である。)
14.式(7)で表される化合物が、LiCoO2である13のリチウムイオン二次電池。
本発明の非水電解液用添加剤は、少なくとも1つの芳香環を有しかつアミノ基を有しない化合物の該芳香環の炭素原子に結合する水素原子の少なくとも1つが、下記式(1)で表される基で置換された化合物からなるものである。
本発明の非水電解液は、電解質、非水系有機溶媒、及び前記添加剤を含む。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、前記非水電解液、並びにリチウムを吸蔵・放出することが可能な正極及び負極を備えるものである。
正極及び負極(以下、これらを総称して電極という。)は、集電体の上に電極合材層を備えるものである。また、前記集電体と電極合材層との間に、これらの間の密着力を高めたり接触界面の抵抗を下げたりするため、必要に応じてアンダーコート層を形成してもよい。
Li(NiaCobMnc)O2 (7)
(式中、a、b及びcは、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦1及びa+b+c=1を満たす数である。)
カーボネート混合溶媒(炭酸エチレン:炭酸エチルメチル=1:3(体積比))にLiPF6を1mol/Lになるように溶解させて得られた溶液に、炭酸ビニレンを2質量%及び1-プロペン-1,3-スルトンを0.5質量%になるように添加し、更に添加剤としてN-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)-1,2-フェニレンジアミンを0.72質量%加え、非水電解液を調製した。
最後に、作製した電池を400mA(1/3相当のレート)から40mA(1/30相当のレート)まで、4.5Vの定電流定電圧充電を行い、短絡試験用試料Aとした。
添加剤を用いない以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で短絡試験用試料Bを作製した。
添加剤として1,2-フェニレンジアミンを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で短絡試験用試料Cを作製した。
短絡試験用試料A~Cの中央部に、電池温度監視用の熱電対を設置した。熱電対を設置した面の反対側の短絡試験用試料の中央部に、上部から直径10mmのジルコニアボールを、電池の電圧をモニターしながら、0.1mm/秒の速度で降下し、電池中央部を圧迫した。電池の電圧が、試験開始前の1/3以下になった時点で短絡が起こったとみなし、ジルコニアボールの降下を停止した。本試験において、電池温度が400℃以上まで上昇し、電池が発煙した場合に不安全、電池温度が110℃以下に留まり、電池からの発煙が見られなかった場合に安全とした。短絡試験用試料A~Cについて、それぞれ試行回数3回とした場合の試験結果を表1に示す。
カーボネート混合溶媒(炭酸エチレン:炭酸エチルメチル=1:3(体積比))にLiPF6を1mol/Lになるように溶解させて得られた溶液に、炭酸ビニレンを2質量%及び1-プロペン-1,3-スルトンを0.5質量%になるように添加し、更に添加剤としてN-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)-1,3-フェニレンジアミンを0.72質量%加え、非水電解液を調製した。
最後に、作製した電池を400mA(1/3相当のレート)から40mA(1/30相当のレート)まで、4.5Vの定電流定電圧充電を行い、短絡試験用試料Dとした。
添加剤としてN-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)-1,4-フェニレンジアミンを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で短絡試験用試料Eを作製した。
添加剤としてN-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)-アニリンを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で短絡試験用試料Fを作製した。
添加剤を用いない以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で短絡試験用試料Gを作製した。
短絡試験用試料D~Gの中央部に、電池温度監視用の熱電対を設置した。熱電対を設置した面の反対側の短絡試験用試料の中央部に、上部から直径10mmのジルコニアボールを、電池の電圧をモニターしながら、0.1mm/秒の速度で降下し、電池中央部を圧迫した。電池の電圧が、試験開始前の1/3以下になった時点で短絡が起こったとみなし、ジルコニアボールの降下を停止した。本試験において、電池温度が400℃以上まで上昇し、電池が発煙した場合に不安全、電池温度が110℃以下に留まり、電池からの発煙が見られなかった場合に安全とした。短絡試験用試料D~Gについて、それぞれ試行回数3回とした場合の試験結果を表2に示す。
Claims (11)
- 下記式(3)~(5)のいずれかで表される化合物からなる非水電解液用添加剤。
R 2 ~R 5 は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、Z 1 で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基、Z 2 で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基、Z 2 で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、ボロン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、シリル基、チオール基、-O-R A 、-O-C(=O)-R B 、又は-C(=O)-O-R C であり、R A 、R B 及びR C は、それぞれ独立に、Z 1 で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基、Z 2 で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基、又はZ 2 で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基であり;
Rxは、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基、又はZ2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基であり;
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、チオール基、シリル基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい、炭素数6~60の1価芳香族炭化水素基若しくは炭素数2~60の1価複素環含有基であり;
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、チオール基、シリル基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~60の1価脂肪族炭化水素基であり;
Z3は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、オキソ基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、リン酸基、シリル基、又はチオール基である。) - R1が、-C(=O)-O-Rx又は水素原子である請求項1記載の非水電解液用添加剤。
- R2~R5が、全て水素原子である請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液用添加剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の非水電解液用添加剤を含む非水電解液。
- 前記添加剤の含有量が、0.01~10質量%である請求項4記載の非水電解液。
- 前記添加剤の含有量が、0.1~1質量%である請求項5記載の非水電解液。
- 請求項4~6のいずれか1項記載の非水電解液、並びにリチウムを吸蔵・放出することが可能な正極及び負極を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 4.35~5Vの範囲で充電して使用する請求項7記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極に含まれる正極活物質が、リチウム複合層状酸化物である請求項7又は8記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記リチウム複合層状酸化物が、下記式(7)で表される化合物である請求項9記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
Li(NiaCobMnc)O2 (7)
(式中、a、b及びcは、0≦a≦1、0≦b≦1、0≦c≦1及びa+b+c=1を満たす数である。) - 式(7)で表される化合物が、LiCoO2である請求項10記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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