JP7292665B2 - リチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7292665B2 JP7292665B2 JP2022517237A JP2022517237A JP7292665B2 JP 7292665 B2 JP7292665 B2 JP 7292665B2 JP 2022517237 A JP2022517237 A JP 2022517237A JP 2022517237 A JP2022517237 A JP 2022517237A JP 7292665 B2 JP7292665 B2 JP 7292665B2
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- secondary battery
- lithium
- positive electrode
- deterioration
- cause
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Images
Classifications
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Description
すなわち、非破壊的で且つ簡単な方法によりリチウム二次電池の劣化原因を診断することができる。
本明細書および請求の範囲で用いられている用語や単語は、通常的もしくは辞書的な意味に限定して解釈してはならず、発明者らは、自分の発明を最善の方法で説明するために、用語の概念を適切に定義することができるという原則に則って、本発明の技術的思想に合致する意味と概念で解釈すべきである。
本発明に係るリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法は、(A)層状系正極活物質を含む正極および負極を含むリチウム二次電池を準備するステップと、(B)前記リチウム二次電池を第1充電しつつ測定して得たX線回折データから、前記層状系正極活物質から充電時に脱離するリチウムイオンのモル数に対する層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値を示した第1グラフを得るステップと、(C)前記リチウム二次電池を第2充電しつつ測定して得たX線回折データから、前記層状系正極活物質から充電時に脱離するリチウムイオンのモル数に対する層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値を示した第2グラフを得るステップと、(D)前記第1グラフと前記第2グラフを比較して二次電池の劣化原因を分類するステップとを含む。
(A)ステップ
先ず、本発明は、(A)層状系正極活物質を含む正極および負極を含むリチウム二次電池を準備するステップを含む。
Li1+aNixCoyMzO2
前記化学式1中、前記Mは、化学式1で表される酸化物中の遷移金属サイト(site)に置換された元素であってもよい。
前記xは、前記化学式1で表される酸化物中のNiのモル比を示すものであり、0.6≦x≦1.0、好ましくは0.8≦x≦1.0であってもよい。
前記zは、前記化学式1で表される酸化物中のMのモル比を示すものであり、0≦z≦0.2、好ましくは0≦z≦0.15であってもよい。
前記有機溶媒としては、電池の電気化学的反応に関与するイオンが移動可能な媒質の役割を行うことができるものであれば特に制限されずに用いられてもよい。具体的に、前記有機溶媒としては、メチルアセテート(methyl acetate)、エチルアセテート(ethyl acetate)、γ-ブチロラクトン(γ-butyrolactone)、ε-カプロラクトン(ε-caprolactone)などのエステル系溶媒;ジブチルエーテル(dibutyl ether)またはテトラヒドロフラン(tetrahydrofuran)などのエーテル系溶媒;シクロヘキサノン(cyclohexanone)などのケトン系溶媒;ベンゼン(benzene)、フルオロベンゼン(fluorobenzene)などの芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;ジメチルカーボネート(dimethylcarbonate、DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(diethylcarbonate、DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(ethylmethylcarbonate、EMC)、エチレンカーボネート(ethylene carbonate、EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(propylene carbonate、PC)などのカーボネート系溶媒;エチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコールなどのアルコール系溶媒;R-CN(Rは炭素数2~20の直鎖状、分岐状、または環状構造の炭化水素基であり、二重結合芳香環またはエーテル結合を含んでもよい。)などのニトリル類;ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド類;1,3-ジオキソランなどのジオキソラン類;またはスルホラン(sulfolane)類などが用いられてもよい。この中でもカーボネート系溶媒が好ましく、電池の充放電性能の向上が可能な高いイオン伝導度および高誘電率を有する環状カーボネート(例えば、エチレンカーボネートまたはプロピレンカーボネートなど)と、低粘度の直鎖状カーボネート系化合物(例えば、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、またはジエチルカーボネートなど)との混合物がより好ましい。
本発明は、(B)前記リチウム二次電池を第1充電しつつ測定して得たX線回折データから、前記層状系正極活物質から充電時に脱離するリチウムイオンのモル数に対する層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値を示した第1グラフを得るステップを含む。
本発明において、前記第1充電は、最初の充電を意味する。すなわち、前記第1充電は、リチウム二次電池を製造した直後に行う1番目の充電を意味する。
本発明は、(D)前記第1グラフと前記第2グラフを比較して二次電池の劣化原因を分類するステップを含む。
すなわち、本発明によると、二次電池の劣化原因を定量化することも可能である。
利用可能なリチウムの損失率=(利用可能なリチウムの損失量)/(第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値)×100
実施例1
正極活物質としてLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、カーボンブラック導電材、分散剤、およびポリビニリデンフルオライドバインダーを97.5:1:0.15:1.35の重量比で混合し、それをN-メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合し、正極形成用組成物を製造した。前記正極形成用組成物をアルミニウム箔に塗布した後に乾燥してロールプレスを行い、正極を製造した。
具体的に、図2(a)の第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値(0.856mol)と第2グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値(0.732mol)との差(0.124mol)から、利用可能なリチウムの損失がリチウム二次電池の劣化原因であることを確認し、利用可能なリチウムの損失量が0.124molであることを確認することができた。また、利用可能なリチウムの損失率が14.5%であることを確認することができた。
Claims (12)
- (A)層状系正極活物質を含む正極および負極を含むリチウム二次電池を準備するステップと、
(B)前記リチウム二次電池を第1充電しつつ測定して得たX線回折データから、前記層状系正極活物質から充電時に脱離するリチウムイオンのモル数に対する層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値を示した第1グラフを得るステップと、
(C)前記リチウム二次電池を第2充電しつつ測定して得たX線回折データから、前記層状系正極活物質から充電時に脱離するリチウムイオンのモル数に対する層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値を示した第2グラフを得るステップと、
(D)前記第1グラフと前記第2グラフを比較して二次電池の劣化原因を分類するステップと
を含む、リチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。 - 前記二次電池の劣化原因は、利用可能なリチウムの損失および正極容量の損失のうちの1つ以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記(D)ステップは、前記第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値よりも、前記第2グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値が小さい場合、二次電池の劣化原因が利用可能なリチウムの損失であると分類し、
前記第2グラフにおいて層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値が、前記第1グラフにおいて層状系正極活物質のc-軸d-スペーシング値が最大である際の脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数において最大となるように、前記第2グラフをx軸方向に平行移動した際、前記第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値よりも、前記第2グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値に平行移動させた値を足した値が大きい場合、二次電池の劣化原因が正極容量の損失であると分類することを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。 - 前記(D)ステップは、前記第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値から、前記第2グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値を差し引いた値を利用可能なリチウムの損失量に定量化することを含む、請求項3に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記(D)ステップは、前記第2グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値に平行移動させた値を足した値から、前記第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値を差し引いた値から正極容量の損失量を定量化することを含む、請求項3に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 下記式1による利用可能なリチウムの損失率が14%以上である場合に、リチウム二次電池が利用可能なリチウムの損失により劣化したと判断する、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法:
[式1]
利用可能なリチウムの損失率=(利用可能なリチウムの損失量)/(第1グラフにおいて脱離したリチウムイオンのモル数の最大値)×100。 - 前記層状系正極活物質は、リチウムを除いた遷移金属の全体モル数に対してニッケルが60モル%以上で含まれるリチウム遷移金属酸化物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記層状系正極活物質は、下記化学式1で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法:
[化学式1]
Li1+aNixCoyMzO2
前記化学式1中、
0≦a≦0.3、0.6≦x≦1.0、0≦y≦0.2、0≦z≦0.2、x+y+z=1であり、
Mは、MnおよびAlの中から選択された1種以上である。 - 前記第2充電は、前記第1充電を行ったリチウム二次電池を放電した後、リチウム二次電池の充電および放電を1回以上繰り返し行った後の充電、または前記第1充電を行ったリチウム二次電池を放電した後、リチウム二次電池を-20℃~70℃の温度で長期間保存した後の充電である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記第1充電および第2充電は、2.5V~4.2Vの電圧範囲で行う、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記X線回折データは、透過X線回折分析器を用いて得る、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
- 前記d-スペーシング値は、層状系正極活物質の(003)面のd-スペーシング値である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の劣化原因の診断方法。
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JP2018195591A (ja) | 2014-02-28 | 2018-12-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | リチウム−ニッケル系正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
JP2019032954A (ja) | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 正極活物質の作製方法、および二次電池 |
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