JP7212318B2 - ナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質 - Google Patents
ナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7212318B2 JP7212318B2 JP2019515158A JP2019515158A JP7212318B2 JP 7212318 B2 JP7212318 B2 JP 7212318B2 JP 2019515158 A JP2019515158 A JP 2019515158A JP 2019515158 A JP2019515158 A JP 2019515158A JP 7212318 B2 JP7212318 B2 JP 7212318B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- sodium ion
- ion secondary
- active material
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 18
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- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
本発明のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質は、一般式Nax(Ni1-aMa)yP2Oz(MはFe、Cr、Mn及びCoからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素であり、0.6≦x≦4、0.3≦y≦2.7、0≦a≦0.9、6≦z<7.5を満たす)で表される結晶からなることを特徴とする。結晶組成をこのように規定した理由を以下に説明する。
Na3.64Ni2.18(P2O7)2(=Na1.82Ni1.09P2O7、三斜晶P-1、理論容量104mAh/g)
Na3.12Ni2.44(P2O7)2(=Na1.56Ni1.22P2O7、三斜晶P-1、理論容量116mAh/g)
Na5.6Ni4P8O28(=Na1.4NiP2O7、三斜晶P-1、理論容量103mAh/g)
Na2NiP2O7(三斜晶P-1、理論容量96mAh/g)
Na3Ni2P5O16(=Na1.2Ni0.8P2O6.4、理論容量90mAh/g)
NaNi(PO3)3(=Na0.67Ni0.67P2O6、斜方晶Pcca、理論容量84mAh/g)
Na4Ni(PO3)6(=Na1.33Ni0.33P2O6、三斜晶P-1、理論容量43mAh/g)
本発明のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質に対し、導電助剤や結着剤等を混合することにより、ナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料が得られる。
本発明のナトリウムイオン二次電池は、上記のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極の他に、対極である負極と電解質を備えている。
(1)正極活物質の作製
表1のNo.1~5に記載の組成となるように、炭酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、酸化ニッケル、オルトリン酸を秤量し、原料バッチを調製した。遊星ボールミルを用いて原料バッチをエタノール中で混合した後、100℃で乾燥させた。乾燥後の原料バッチを電気炉中にて900℃で6時間仮焼成することで脱ガスした。仮焼成した原料バッチを500kgf/cm2の圧力で加圧成形後、大気雰囲気中、800℃で12時間焼成し、固相反応させた。得られた固相反応体に対し、φ20mmのZrO2玉石を使用したボールミル粉砕を12時間行い、空気分級することで平均粒子径D50が2μmの粉末状固相反応体を得た。
上記で得られた正極活物質粉末に対し、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(Timcal社製Super C65)、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを、正極活物質粉末:導電助剤:結着剤=90:5:5(質量比)となるように秤量し、N-メチルピロリドンに分散した後、自転・公転ミキサーで十分に撹拌してスラリー化し、正極材料を得た。
上記で得られた正極を、アルミニウム箔面を下に向けてコインセルの下蓋の上に載置し、その上に70℃で8時間減圧乾燥した直径16mmのポリプロピレン多孔質膜からなるセパレータ、対極である金属ナトリウム、さらにコインセルの上蓋を積層し、試験電池を作製した。電解液としては、1M NaPF6溶液/EC:DEC=1:1(EC=エチレンカーボネート、DEC=ジエチルカーボネート)を用いた。なお試験電池の組み立ては露点温度-70℃以下の環境で行った。
30℃で開回路電圧から5.2VまでCC(定電流)充電を行い、単位質量当たりの正極活物質へ充電された電気量(初回充電容量)を求めた。次に、5.2Vから2VまでCC放電を行い、単位質量当たりの正極活物質から放電された電気量(初回放電容量)を求めた。なお、Cレートは0.1Cとした。結果を表1に示す。
(1)正極活物質の作製
表1のNo.1~3、5については、上記で作製した正極活物質粉末を使用した。表2のNo.6~8については、表2に記載の組成となるように、炭酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、酸化ニッケル、酸化マンガン、酸化鉄、酸化コバルト、オルトリン酸から適宜選択して秤量し、原料バッチを調製したこと以外は、No.1~3、5と同様にして正極活物質粉末を作製した。
(2)ナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の作製
組成式Na1.6Li0.34Al10.66O17で表されるバルク状のLi2O安定化β’’アルミナ(Ionotec社製)を乾式研磨して、厚み0.2mmに加工することにより固体電解質シートを得た。また、バルク状のLi2O安定化β’’アルミナを遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕し、目開き10μmの篩に通過させることで、別途、固体電解質粉末(平均粒子径D50=1.5μm)を作製した。
上記で得られた正極活物質粉末、固体電解質粉末、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(Timcal社製Super C65)をそれぞれ72:25:3の割合で秤量し、メノウ乳鉢と乳棒を用いて30分間混合した。得られた混合粉末100質量部に対し15質量部のポリプロピレンカーボネートを添加し、さらにN-メチルピロリドンを30質量部添加して、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて十分に撹拌し、スラリー化した。
作製した試験電池について、60℃で開回路電圧から5.2VまでのCC(定電流)充電を行い、単位質量当たりの正極活物質へ充電された電気量(初回充電容量)を求めた。次に、5.2Vから2VまでCC放電を行い、単位質量当たりの正極活物質から放電された電気量(初回放電容量)を求めた。なお本試験では、Cレートは0.01Cとした。結果を表1及び2に示す。
Claims (10)
- 一般式Nax(Ni1-aMa)yP2Oz(MはFe、Cr、Mn及びCoからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素であり、0.6≦x≦4、0.3≦y≦2.7、0≦a≦0.9、6≦z<7.5、0.4≦x/y≦1.9を満たす)で表される結晶からなることを特徴とするナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記結晶が三斜晶空間群P1またはP-1に帰属される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池正極活物質。
- 前記結晶が単斜晶空間群P21/cまたはCmに帰属される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池正極活物質。
- 前記結晶が斜方晶空間群Pccaに帰属される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池正極活物質。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質を含有することを特徴とするナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- ナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 前記ナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質が、ベータアルミナまたはNASICON結晶を含むことを特徴とする請求項6のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 質量%で、前記ナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質 30~100%、前記ナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質 0~70%、導電助剤 0~20%を含有することを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極材料を用いたことを特徴とするナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 請求項9に記載のナトリウムイオン二次電池用正極を備えたことを特徴とするナトリウムイオン二次電池。
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