JP7208912B2 - 粗半田の改善された製造法 - Google Patents
粗半田の改善された製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7208912B2 JP7208912B2 JP2019548466A JP2019548466A JP7208912B2 JP 7208912 B2 JP7208912 B2 JP 7208912B2 JP 2019548466 A JP2019548466 A JP 2019548466A JP 2019548466 A JP2019548466 A JP 2019548466A JP 7208912 B2 JP7208912 B2 JP 7208912B2
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- lead
- metal
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 201
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- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001944 continuous distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibane Chemical compound [SbH3] OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
- C22C11/06—Alloys based on lead with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
・少なくとも2重量%、最大で71重量%のスズ(Sn)と、
・少なくとも1.00重量%、最大で10重量%の銅(Cu)と、
・少なくとも0.02重量%、最大で5重量%のアンチモン(Sb)と、
・少なくとも0.0004重量%、最大で1重量%のビスマス(Bi)と、
・最大で37重量%の亜鉛(Zn)と、
・最大で1重量%のヒ素(As)と、
・最大で2重量%のニッケル(Ni)と
を含み、各金属の量は、原料の総乾燥重量に対する、酸化状態および還元金属形態での原料内に存在する金属の合計として表され、
総原料は鉛(Pb)をさらに含み、少なくとも0.5、最大で4.0のPb/Sn重量比によって特徴付けられ、
スズ(Sn)および鉛(Pb)の少なくとも一方は、少なくとも部分的に酸化された原子価形態で存在し、
方法は、
a)原料の少なくとも一部を炉内に導入し、添加された原料部分を溶融することにより、炉内で溶融金属および/または溶融金属酸化物スラグを含む液浴を得るステップと、
b)少なくとも1つの還元剤を炉内に導入し、スズおよび/または鉛の酸化された原子価形態の少なくとも一部をスズおよび/または鉛金属に還元するステップと、
c)任意選択で、可燃性物質および/またはSnおよびPbよりも卑な(貴でない)少なくとも1つの金属を含む少なくとも1つのエネルギー源を炉内に導入し、炉内への空気および/または酸素の注入によって可燃性物質および/またはエネルギー源中の少なくとも1つの金属を酸化するステップと、
d)ステップb)および/またはc)で得られた粗半田をスラグから分離し、炉から粗半田および/またはスラグの少なくとも一部を除去するステップとを含む方法を提供する。
・少なくとも9.5重量%、最大で69重量%のスズ(Sn)と、
・少なくとも25重量%の鉛(Pb)と、
・スズ(Sn)と鉛(Pb)を併せて少なくとも80重量%と、
・少なくとも0.08重量%、最大で12重量%の銅(Cu)と、
・少なくとも0.15重量%、最大で7重量%のアンチモン(Sb)と、
・少なくとも0.012重量%、最大で1.5重量%のビスマス(Bi)と、
・少なくとも0.010重量%、最大で1.1重量%の硫黄(S)と、
・最大で3重量%のヒ素(As)と、
・最大で2.8重量%のニッケル(Ni)と、
・最大で0.7重量%の亜鉛(Zn)と、
・最大で7.5重量%の鉄(Fe)と、
・最大で0.5重量%のアルミニウム(Al)とを含む、本発明に係る方法によって得られる粗半田を提供する。
例えば、真空蒸留によるさらなる下流の処理後、スズや鉛などの最終的な主生成物の銅含有量が低くなり、それは、これらの主生成物の経済的価値を高め、および/または、さらなる下流の銅除去プロセスステップで残っている微量の銅を除去する負担を減らすことも見出した。
能力は、より高い経済的アップグレードを表す。
1)粗半田キャンペーンの最後に、スラグおよび粗半田を可能な限り除去し、典型的には液体生成物として炉および関連する補助機器から排出する。
2)鉛含有材料、好ましくは鉛に富む材料を炉に導入し、その固形物を炉内で溶かし、液体炉内容物を撹拌し、典型的に耐火材料によって表される炉の内壁と可能な限り接触させる。
3)溶融鉛は炉および関連する補助機器から排出される。
j)ステップd)および/またはステップm)の後、金属相および/または溶融金属酸化物スラグの液浴を含む原料の少なくともさらなる一部を炉内に導入し、それにより炉内の液体の体積を増加させるステップと、
k)SnおよびPbよりも卑な、好ましくはFe、Al、および/またはSiのうちの少なくとも1つの金属の元素形態(あるいはまた、Fe、Al、および/またはSi金属と呼ばれる)のかなりの量、好ましくは有効量を含む材料を還元剤として炉内に導入し、その酸化により酸化スズおよび/または酸化鉛を還元してそれらの元素金属形態にし、それにより炉内の金属相および/またはスラグ相の組成を変化させるステップと、
l)任意選択で、可燃性物質および/またはSnおよびPbよりも卑な少なくとも1つの金属を含む少なくとも1つのエネルギー源を炉内に導入し、炉内への空気および/または酸素の注入によってエネルギー源中の可燃性物質および/または少なくとも1つの金属を酸化するステップと、
m)ステップk)および/またはl)で得られた粗半田をスラグから分離し、炉から粗半田および/またはスラグの少なくとも一部を除去するステップと、
n)ステップj)またはステップa)から始まる方法を繰り返すステップとを含む。
Claims (12)
- 粗半田であって、
不可避の不純物に加えて、前記粗半田の総乾燥重量に対して、
・少なくとも11重量%、最大で69重量%のスズ(Sn)と、
・少なくとも25重量%の鉛(Pb)と、
・スズ(Sn)と鉛(Pb)を併せて少なくとも80重量%と、
・少なくとも2.2重量%、最大で12重量%の銅(Cu)と、
・少なくとも0.15重量%、最大で7重量%のアンチモン(Sb)と、
・少なくとも0.012重量%、最大で1.5重量%のビスマス(Bi)と、
・少なくとも0.010重量%、最大で1.1重量%の硫黄(S)と、
・任意成分として
・最大で3重量%のヒ素(As)、
・最大で2.8重量%のニッケル(Ni)、
・最大で0.7重量%の亜鉛(Zn)、
・最大で7.5重量%の鉄(Fe)、および
・最大で0.5重量%のアルミニウム(Al)
のうちの少なくとも1つと
からなり、
存在できる不純物は、インジウム(In)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、テルル(Te)、コバルト(Co)、マンガン(Mn)、セレン(Se)、シリコン(Si)、タリウム(Tl)、ガリウム(Ga)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、オスミウム(Os)、イリジウム(Ir)、カドミウム(Cd)、炭素(C)、酸素(O)からなる群から選ばれる元素からなる、
粗半田。 - 請求項1に記載の鉛(Pb)およびスズ(Sn)を含む粗半田を、原料の総乾燥重量に対して表して全金属量が少なくとも50重量%含まれる原料から製造する方法であって、前記原料は、
少なくとも2重量%、最大で71重量%のスズ(Sn)と、
少なくとも1.00重量%、最大で10重量%の銅(Cu)と、
少なくとも0.02重量%、最大で5重量%のアンチモン(Sb)と、
少なくとも0.0004重量%、最大で1重量%のビスマス(Bi)と、
最大で37重量%の亜鉛(Zn)と、
最大で1重量%のヒ素(As)と、
最大で2重量%のニッケル(Ni)と
を含み、ここで、各金属の量は、前記原料の総乾燥重量に対する、酸化状態および還元金属形態での前記原料内に存在する金属の合計として表され、
前記原料は鉛(Pb)をさらに含み、少なくとも0.5、最大で4.0のPb/Sn重量比によって特徴付けられ、
スズ(Sn)および鉛(Pb)の少なくとも一方は、少なくとも部分的に酸化された原子価形態で存在し、
前記方法は、
a)前記原料の少なくとも一部を炉内に導入し、添加された原料部分を溶融することにより、炉内で溶融金属相および/または溶融金属酸化物スラグを含む液浴を得るステップと、
b)少なくとも1つの還元剤を前記炉内に導入し、スズおよび/または鉛の前記酸化された原子価形態の少なくとも一部をスズおよび/または鉛金属に還元するステップと、
c)任意選択で、可燃性物質、SnおよびPbよりも卑な少なくとも1つの金属、およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つを含む少なくとも1つのエネルギー源を炉内に導入し、前記炉内への空気および/または酸素の注入によって前記可燃性物質および/または前記エネルギー源中の前記少なくとも1つの金属を酸化するステップと、
d)ステップb)および/またはc)で得られた前記粗半田を前記スラグから分離し、前記炉から前記粗半田および/または前記スラグの少なくとも一部を除去するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記方法はセミバッチモードで操作され、
j)ステップd)の後、溶融金属相および/または溶融金属酸化物スラグの液浴を含む前記原料の少なくとも一部を前記炉内に導入し、それにより前記炉内の液体の体積を増加させるステップと、
k)SnおよびPbよりも卑な少なくとも1つの金属の元素形態の有効量を含む材料を還元剤として前記炉内に導入し、その酸化により酸化スズおよび/または酸化鉛を還元してそれらの元素金属形態にし、それにより前記炉内の前記金属相および/または前記スラグ相の組成を変化させるステップと、
l)任意選択で、可燃性物質および/またはSnおよびPbよりも卑な少なくとも1つの金属を含む少なくとも1つのエネルギー源を前記炉内に導入し、前記炉内への空気および/または酸素の注入によって前記エネルギー源中の前記可燃性物質および/または前記少なくとも1つの金属を酸化するステップと、
m)ステップk)および/またはl)で得られた前記粗半田を前記スラグから分離し、前記炉から前記粗半田および/または前記スラグの少なくとも一部を除去するステップと、
n)ステップj)またはステップa)から始まる前記方法を繰り返すステップとをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。 - ステップa)は、前記炉内への鉛の添加をさらに含む、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 本発明に係る方法のステップa)および/またはステップj)内で使用される前記炉は、溶鉱炉である、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップa)および/またはステップj)で使用される前記原料の一部は、分割された固体材料を含み、メッシュ9のふるいとしても知られる2.0mmのふるい目を有するふるいを通過する粒子を最大で5重量%含む、請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップa)および/またはステップj)で形成された前記液浴内に、前記原料の細かく分割された部分を注入するステップをさらに含み、前記細かく分割された原料部分は、最大で10mmの平均粒径を有する、請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって製造された粗半田から調整半田を製造する方法であって、前記粗半田を最高825℃の温度まで冷却して、重力により第1の液体溶融調整半田相の上に浮かぶ第1の上澄みドロスを含む浴を生成するステップe)を含む、方法。
- アルカリ金属および/またはアルカリ土類金属、またはアルカリ金属および/またはアルカリ土類金属を含む化合物を前記第1の液体溶融調整半田相に添加して、重力により第2の液体溶融調整半田相の最上部に浮かぶ第2の上澄みドロスを含む浴を形成するステップg)をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の液体溶融調整半田相から前記第2の上澄みドロスを除去し、それにより第2の調整半田を形成するステップh)をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- ステップe)で形成された前記第1の液体溶融調整半田相から前記第1の上澄みドロスを除去し、それにより第1の調整半田を形成するステップf)をさらに含む、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップf)からの前記第1調整半田および/またはステップh)からの前記第2調整半田を蒸留するステップi)をさらに含み、鉛(Pb)が蒸発により前記半田から除去され、蒸留オーバーヘッド生成物および蒸留底部生成物が得られる、調整半田をさらに処理するための請求項10または11に記載の方法。
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CN113481382B (zh) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-05-16 | 云南锡业股份有限公司锡业分公司 | 一种含锡物料熔炼的系统及方法 |
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