JP7080819B2 - Pd-l1に対する結合メンバー - Google Patents
Pd-l1に対する結合メンバー Download PDFInfo
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- JP7080819B2 JP7080819B2 JP2018544554A JP2018544554A JP7080819B2 JP 7080819 B2 JP7080819 B2 JP 7080819B2 JP 2018544554 A JP2018544554 A JP 2018544554A JP 2018544554 A JP2018544554 A JP 2018544554A JP 7080819 B2 JP7080819 B2 JP 7080819B2
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- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
- C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/03—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a transmembrane segment
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
- C12N2510/02—Cells for production
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/705—Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- G01N2333/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily, e.g. VCAMs, PECAM, LFA-3
- G01N2333/70532—B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
Description
(a)免疫グロブリンとして、ならびにscFvなどの一価抗体フラグメントフォーマットでの両方で、PD-L1に対して高い親和性を有する。
(b)一価型の場合は実施例4に示した条件下で、または二価型の場合は実施例9に示した条件下で、結合平衡除外法(Kinetic Exclusion Assay)によって測定して10pM未満の結合解離平衡定数(KD)でヒトPD-L1に結合する。
(c)ヒトPD-1およびヒトCD80の両方とのヒトPD-L1相互作用を妨げるPD-L1上のエピトープに結合する。
(d)サルPD-L1と交差反応する。
(e)サルPD-L1と結合し、サルPD-L1に対する結合親和性がヒトPD-L1に対してと少なくとも同等、より好ましくは少なくとも2倍強い。
(f)ヒトPD-L2またはヒトB7-H3に結合しない。
(g)HCC827ヒト肺癌モデルにおいて腫瘍増殖を阻害する。
(h)scFvフォーマットで、pH7.2のPBS中10mg/mlの濃度で37℃で1または2週間の保存後に3%未満の二量体を形成する。
本明細書に開示される結合メンバー、核酸、ベクター、宿主細胞、組成物、方法、および使用に関する説明がより容易に理解されるように、特定の用語を最初に定義する。
別段の定義がない限り、説明、図、および特許請求の範囲で使用される全ての他の科学用語および技術用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解されるような通常の意味を有する。本明細書で開示される結合メンバー、核酸、ベクター、宿主細胞、組成物、方法、および使用の実施または試験において、本明細書に記載された方法および材料と類似または均等の方法および材料を使用することができるが、好適な方法および材料を以下に記載する。本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物、特許出願、特許、および他の参考文献は、その全体で参照により援用される。矛盾する場合、定義を含む本明細書が優先する。材料、方法、および実施例は、例示的なものに過ぎず、限定するものではない。
1. 非極性側鎖(例えば、グリシン、アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、メチオニン)
2. 非荷電極性側鎖(例えば、アスパラギン、グルタミン、セリン、スレオニン、チロシン、プロリン、システイン、トリプトファン)
3. 塩基性側鎖(例えば、リシン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、プロリン)
4. 酸性側鎖(例えば、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸)
5. ベータ-分枝側鎖(例えば、スレオニン、バリン、イソロイシン)、および
6. 芳香族側鎖(例えば、チロシン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、ヒスチジン)
1. アラニン(A)をバリン(V)により置換すること
2. アルギニン(R)をリシン(K)により置換すること
3. アスパラギン(N)をグルタミン(Q)により置換すること
4. アスパラギン酸(D)をグルタミン酸(E)により置換すること
5. システイン(C)をセリン(S)により置換すること
6. グルタミン酸(E)をアスパラギン酸(D)により置換すること
7. グリシン(G)をアラニン(A)により置換すること
8. ヒスチジン(H)をアルギニン(R)またはリシン(K)により置換すること
9. イソロイシン(I)をロイシン(L)により置換すること
10. メチオニン(M)をロイシン(L)により置換すること
11. フェニルアラニン(F)をチロシン(Y)により置換すること
12. セリン(S)をスレオニン(T)により置換すること
13. トリプトファン(W)をチロシン(Y)により置換すること
14. フェニルアラニン(F)をトリプトファン(W)により置換すること
および/または
15. バリン(V)をロイシン(L)により置換すること
ならびにそれらの逆。プロリン(P)をアラニン(A)により置換するなどの他の置換も許容され、経験的に、または他の公知の保存的置換もしくは非保存的置換を踏まえて決定することができる。保存的置換はまた、非天然アミノ酸の使用を伴い得る。
本明細書で与えられる結合メンバーは、PD-L1に特異的に結合する。結合メンバーの結合特異性は、当技術分野で周知の技術を用いて確認し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、PD-L1はヒトPD-L1である。
a)それぞれ配列番号6、7、および8に示されるVH CDR配列CDR-H1、CDR-H2、もしくはCDR-H3、もしくはそれらの変異体のうちの少なくとも1つ、ならびに/または
b)それぞれ配列番号3、4、および5に示されるVL CDR配列CDR-L1、CDR-L2、もしくはCDR-L3、もしくはそれらの変異体のうちの少なくとも1つ、を含むPD-L1に対する結合メンバーを与える。いくつかの実施形態において、結合メンバーは、少なくとも配列番号5のCDR-L3および/もしくは配列番号8のCDR-H3、またはそれらの変異体を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、結合メンバーは、配列番号6、7、および8からなる群から選択される2つのCDR配列、またはそれらの変異体を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、結合メンバーは、配列番号3、4、および5からなる群から選択される2つのCDR配列、またはそれらの変異体を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、結合メンバーは、配列番号6、7、および8の全3つのCDR、またはそれらの変異体を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、結合メンバーは、配列番号3、4、および5の全3つのCDR、またはそれらの変異体を含む。好ましくは、結合メンバーは、配列番号3~8に示される全てのCDR、またはその変異体を含む。
(i)重鎖アミノ酸12位のセリン(S)(AHoナンバリングによる);
(ii)重鎖アミノ酸103位のセリン(S)もしくはスレオニン(T)(AHoナンバリングによる);および/または
(iii)重鎖アミノ酸144位のセリン(S)もしくはスレオニン(T)(AHoナンバリングによる)。好ましい実施形態において、当該変異体は、VH12位にセリン;VH103位にセリン;VH144位にスレオニン(すべてAHoナンバリング)を有する。
(i)PD-L1、特にhPD-L1に対する特異的結合を保持する;かつ/または
(ii)KinExA(登録商標)で測定して100pM未満、好ましくは75pM未満、50pM未満、40pM未満、30pM未満、20pM未満、より好ましくは10pM未満のヒトPD-L1に対するKDを有する(好ましくは、一価結合メンバーの場合は実施例4に記載の条件、または二価結合メンバーの場合は実施例9に記載の条件を用いて測定がなされる);かつ/または
(iii)マウスPD-L1に対して交差反応性でない、かつ/または;
(iv)サルPD-L1に対して交差反応性である;かつ/または
(v)PD-L1への結合に関して本明細書に開示される結合メンバーと競合する;かつ/または
(vi)本明細書に開示される配列と少なくとも80%、好ましくは少なくとも85%、90%、95%、もしくは97%の配列同一性を有する。
本明細書に記載の結合メンバーは、単一の塩基配列によって、または複数の塩基配列によってコードされ得る。複数の塩基配列の場合、各配列は1つの可変領域をコードし得る。いくつかの実施形態において、塩基配列は、2つ以上の可変領域をコードし得る。通常、複数の塩基配列は、結合メンバーの可変領域をコードする。典型的には、各可変領域は、1つの別々の塩基配列によってコードされる。可変領域をコードするそれぞれの塩基配列は、単一の核酸分子に含まれ得る。いくつかの実施形態において、可変領域をコードする2つ以上の塩基配列は、単一の核酸分子に含まれる。いくつかの実施形態において、可変領域をコードする各塩基配列は、単一の別個の核酸分子に含まれる。したがって、複数の核酸分子が、結合メンバーの製造に使用され得、例えば、それぞれが少なくとも1つの可変領域をコードする。それぞれの核酸分子は、いくつかの実施形態において、発現カセットを規定し得る。上記のように、発現カセットは、適当な宿主細胞中の特定の塩基配列の発現を指示することができる核酸分子である。
一態様において、本明細書に開示される結合メンバーは、化学的および/または生物学的に修飾されている。当該修飾には、グリコシル化、PEG化、HES化、アルブミン融合技術、PAS化、色素および/もしくは放射性同位元素による標識、酵素および/もしくは毒素との結合、リン酸化、ヒドロキシル化、ならびに/または硫酸化が含まれ得るが、これらに限定されない。同様に、上記の結合メンバー、塩基配列、ベクター、および/または宿主細胞は、それ相応に改変されていることができる。
本明細書に開示される結合メンバー、塩基配列、および/またはベクターは、好適な担体、賦形剤、または希釈剤をさらに含む組成物中に与えられ得る。典型的な実施形態では、それぞれの組成物は、本明細書に記載の抗体を含む。
本明細書に記載の分子、特に結合メンバー(抗体など)、核酸分子、宿主細胞、またはベクターは、薬剤として有用である。典型的には、当該薬剤は、本明細書で与えられる治療有効量の分子または細胞を含む。したがって、それぞれの分子または宿主細胞は、1つ以上のPD-L1関連障害の治療に有用な薬剤の製造に使用することができる。
本明細書に開示される結合メンバーは、インビボおよび/またはインビトロでの検出または診断目的のために使用され得る。例えば、特定の細胞または組織における発現を検出するための抗体を含む幅広いイムノアッセイが当業者に知られている。同様に、前述の本文に記載されている結合メンバー、塩基配列、ベクター、および/または宿主細胞を、このセクションで詳述されるように、それ相応に使用することができる。
他の態様において、製品(すなわち、キット)が与えられる。製品には、物質、例えば(i)PD-L1関連障害の治療、予防、進行の遅延、(ii)診断目的、または(iii)美容目的に有用な材料が含まれる。製品は、使用説明書および1つ以上の容器を含み得る。好適な容器には、例えば、ビン、バイアル、シリンジ、カートリッジ、プレート、および試験管が含まれ、ガラスまたはプラスチックなどの様々な材料からできていることができる。少なくとも1つの容器は、本明細書に開示される結合メンバーを含む組成物を保持する。容器は無菌のアクセスポートを有し得る。それぞれの容器は、典型的にはラベル付けされている。
本明細書で開示される配列は以下である。
配列番号1-scFV1のVL
EIVMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVIITCQASEDIYSLLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYDASDLASGVPSRFSGSGSGAEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYCQGNYGSSSSSSYGAVFGQGTKLTVLG
配列番号2-scFV1のVH
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCTVSGIDLSSYTMGWVRQAPGKGLEWVGIISSGGRTYYASWAKGRFTISRDTSKNTVYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARGRYTGYPYYFALWGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号3-scFV1のCDR-L1
QASEDIYSLLA
配列番号4-scFV1のCDR-L2
DASDLAS
配列番号5-scFV1のCDR-L3
QGNYGSSSSSSYGAV
配列番号6-scFV1のCDR-H1
IDLSSYTMG
配列番号7-scFV1のCDR-H2
IISSGGRTYYASWAKG
配列番号8-scFV1のCDR-H3
GRYTGYPYYFAL
配列番号9-scFV1
EIVMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVIITCQASEDIYSLLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYDASDLASGVPSRFSGSGSGAEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYCQGNYGSSSSSSYGAVFGQGTKLTVLGGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSEVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCTVSGIDLSSYTMGWVRQAPGKGLEWVGIISSGGRTYYASWAKGRFTISRDTSKNTVYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARGRYTGYPYYFALWGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号10-リンカー
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS
配列番号11-メチル化scFV1
MEIVMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVIITCQASEDIYSLLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYDASDLASGVPSRFSGSGSGAEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYCQGNYGSSSSSSYGAVFGQGTKLTVLGGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSEVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCTVSGIDLSSYTMGWVRQAPGKGLEWVGIISSGGRTYYASWAKGRFTISRDTSKNTVYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARGRYTGYPYYFALWGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号12-FR-L1
EIVMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVIITC
配列番号13-FR-L2
WYQQKPGKAPKLLIY
配列番号14-FR-L3
GVPSRFSGSGSGAEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYC
配列番号15-FR-L4
FGQGTKLTVLG
配列番号16-FR-H1
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCTVSG
配列番号17-FR-H2
WVRQAPGKGLEWVG
配列番号18-FR-H3
RFTISRDTSKNTVYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR
配列番号19-FR-H4
WGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号20-IgG_1の重鎖
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCTVSGIDLSSYTMGWVRQAPGKGLEWVGIISSGGRTYYASWAKGRFTISRDTSKNTVYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARGRYTGYPYYFALWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号21-IgG_2の重鎖
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSDSWIHWVRQAPGKGLEWVAWISPYGGSTYYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARRHWPGGFDYWGQGTLVTVSAASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号22-IgG_3の重鎖
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSRYWMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVANIKQDGSEKYYVDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAREGGWFGELAFDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号23-IGG_4の重鎖
EVQLVESGGGVVRPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFDDYGMTWVRQAPGRGLEWVSGIHWHGKRTGYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKKSLYLQMNSLKGEDTALYHCVRGGMSTGDWFDPWGQGTLVIVSSAKTTAPSVYPLAPVCGDTTGSSVTLGCLVKGYFPEPVTLTWNSGSLSSGVHTFPAVLQSDLYTLSSSVTVTSSTWPSQSITCNVAHPASSTKVDKKIEPRGPTIKPCPPCKCPAPNLLGGPSVFIFPPKIKDVLMISLSPIVTCVVVDVSEDDPDVQISWFVNNVEVHTAQTQTHREDYNSTLRVVSALPIQHQDWMSGKEFKCKVNNKDLPAPIERTISKPKGSVRAPQVYVLPPPEEEMTKKQVTLTCMVTDFMPEDIYVEWTNNGKTELNYKNTEPVLDSDGSYFMYSKLRVEKKNWVERNSYSCSVVHEGLHNHHTTKSFSRTPGK
配列番号24-IgG_1の軽鎖
EIVMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVIITCQASEDIYSLLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYDASDLASGVPSRFSGSGSGAEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYCQGNYGSSSSSSYGAVFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
配列番号25-IgG_2の軽鎖
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDVSTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYSASFLYSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYLYHPATFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
配列番号26-IgG_3の軽鎖
EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQRVSSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYDASSRATGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYGSLPWTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
配列番号27-IgG_4の軽鎖
DIQMTQSPSSLSASLGDRVTITCRASQSINSYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYVASSLQSGVPSRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISNLQPEDFATYYCQQSYSTPPITFGQGTRLEIKRADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNEC
ウサギの免疫化:ウサギを組み換えヒト(rh)PD-L1 Fc融合体で免疫化した(RnD Systems、米国、カタログ番号156-B7)。最後の追加免疫後にリンパ節を抜き取り、細胞を凍結保存した。
26のscFvおよび1つの非結合scFv(scFv2)を、PD-1/PD-L1遮断アッセイにおいて、それらのPD-L1中和能力についてさらに試験した。このアッセイにおいて、ルシフェラーゼ活性はT細胞の活性によって促進される。PD-L1のPD-L1との相互作用は、阻害シグナルおよびルシフェラーゼ活性の低下を生じ、これは、PD-L1の阻害剤で細胞を処理することによって克服される。PD-L1発現CHO細胞(Promega、CS187103)を96ウェルマイクロプレートに播種した。濃度を増加させてscFvを添加し、プレートを37℃、5%CO2で20分間インキュベートした。PD-1発現エフェクタージャーカット細胞(Promega、CS187105)を添加し、プレートを37℃、5%CO2でさらに6時間インキュベートした。TCR/CD3活性化は、Bio-Glo Luciferase Assay System(Promega, G7941)による発光検出によって測定した。阻害曲線をプロットし、GraphPad Prism(登録商標)ソフトウェア バージョン6.05を用いてIC50値を計算した。scFv1およびscFv2の結果を図1に示す。scFv1は、750pMのIC50で免疫チェックポイント阻害シグナルを効果的に遮断した。非結合scFv2は、免疫チェックポイント阻害シグナルに対する効果を示さなかった。ScFv1は、試験した27のscFvのうち最も高い効力を示した。最低効力のscFvのIC50は、10mcg/mLまでの濃度範囲を用いて測定することができなかった。
scFvの安定性に影響し得る2つの異なるプロセスを観察することができる。第一に、scFvは二量体化されやすく、その後オリゴマー化され、さらに凝集および沈殿することもよくある。第二に、より小さいフラグメントをもたらすscFvの分解は、時間が経つにつれて起こり得る。
PD-L1-Fc融合体に対するscFv1および3つの他のscFvの親和性を、オートサンプラー(Sapidyne Instruments、米国、5004)を含むKinExA 3200(Sapidyne Instruments、米国、カタログ番号5001)を用いる結合平衡除外法(Kinetic Exclusion Assay)(KinExA(登録商標))によって測定した。KinExA(登録商標)は、溶液中の未改変分子間の平衡結合親和性および動態を測定する。測定は、溶液中の対応する結合パートナーの濃度を測定するためのプローブとしてのみ作用するように、固相上に1つの相互作用パートナーを固定化することを必要とする。ここで、30mcg/mlの濃度で、ポリ(メチルメタクリレート)(PMMA)ビーズ(440176, Sapidyne Instruments Inc.)上にPD-L1 Fc融合体(RnD Systems、米国、カタログ番号156-B7)を固定化した。0.02%NaN3を含むpH 7.4のPBSをランニングバッファーとして使用した。PD-L1 Fc融合体に対するscFvの親和性は、概して、PD-L1 Fc融合体の2倍希釈系列を一定量のscFvに対して滴定した2つの曲線のセットを用いて求めた。各データ点について2つの測定値を準備した。scFv1については、第1の曲線において、5nM PD-L1 Fc融合体から始まる、11種類の異なるPD-L1 Fc融合体濃度で、20pM scFv1をインキュベートした。これらの混合物を5時間インキュベートした。第2の曲線において、2.5nM PD-L1 Fc融合体から始まる、12種類の異なるPD-L1 Fc融合体濃度で、10pM scFv1をインキュベートした。これらの混合物を9時間インキュベートした。これらの混合物中に存在する結合していないscFvの量を検出するために、試料を固定されたPD-L1 Fc融合体を含む固相に0.25ml/分の流速でさらした。次いで、250ng/mLのビオチン化プロテインL(M00097, GenScript)0.5mL、続いて250ng/mLストレプトアビジンDyLight 650コンジュゲート(Jackson ImmunoResearch)0.5mLをそれぞれ流速0.25ml/分で注入することにより、捕捉されたscFv1を検出した。全ての工程は室温で行った。平衡試料中の遊離scFv1の濃度に正比例する蛍光シグナルは、電圧信号に変換される。この電圧信号を用いて、KinExA(登録商標)Proソフトウェアバージョン4.1.9または4.2.10の「n曲線分析」を使用して(図5)、オプション「分析濃度基準としての滴定液」を用いて、scFvのKD値および活性を計算する。scFv1について計算されたKD値は8.8pMであった。他のscFvについて計算されたKD値は、12~92pMの範囲であった。
他の種からのPD-L1に対するscFv1およびscFv3の交差反応性をELISAによって測定した。ヒト(RnD Systems、米国、カタログ番号156-B7)、ラット(Sino Biological、中国、カタログ番号80450-R02H)、またはサル(Sino Biological、中国、カタログ番号90251-C02H)由来のPD-L1 Fc融合体を、Maxisorp 96ウェルマイクロプレートに、pH 7.2のPBS中1mcg/mLの濃度で、4℃で一晩コーティングした。プレートを、pH7.2のPBS中1%BSAおよび0.5%Tween-20でブロッキングした。1mcg/mL、333ng/mL、および111ng/mLの濃度でscFvの段階希釈液を調製し、プレートに添加した。陰性対照として、scFvを含まないPBSを用い、陽性対照として、1mcg/mLのマウス抗ヒトPD-L1抗体(BioLegend、米国、カタログ番号329716)またはビオチン化rhPD-1 Fc融合体(BPS Bioscience、米国、カタログ番号71109)を含めた。結合したscFvを、プロテインL-HRP(Sigma-Aldrich、米国、カタログ番号P3226)で検出し、結合したマウス抗ヒトPD-L1抗体を、ヤギ抗マウスIgG-HRP(Southern Biotech、米国、カタログ番号1033-01)で検出し、結合したビオチン化rhPD-1 Fc融合体をストレプトアビジン-HRP(BD Pharmingen、米国、カタログ番号554060)で検出した。TMB ELISA基質溶液(eBioscience、米国、カタログ番号00-4201-56)を用いて発色させた。結果は、scFv1およびscFv3がヒトおよびサルPD-L1に特異的に結合するが、ラットPD-L1には特異的に結合しないことを示した(図6)。
腫瘍細胞の表面上に発現された天然型のPD-L1に結合するscFv1および非結合対照scFvであるscFv2の能力を、細胞外FACS解析によって測定した。5mcg/mLまたは1mcg/mLのscFvまたは抗ヒトPD-L1マウスIgG2(BioLegend、米国、カタログ番号329716)を用いて氷上で30分間ES-2細胞(ATCC、米国、カタログ番号CRL-1978)を染色した。結合したscFvを、ビオチン化プロテインL(Pierce、カタログ番号PI-29997)で染色し、続いてストレプトアビジン-フィコエリトリン(BD Pharmingen、米国、カタログ番号554061)で染色することにより検出した。洗浄後、ヨウ化プロピジウムを用いて死細胞を除き、細胞をFACSAria III(BD Biosciences)で分析した。蛍光強度の平均および中央値を表3に示す。結果は、scFv1が、ES-2細胞の表面上に発現された天然型のPD-L1を特異的に認識することができることを実証する。
大腸菌細胞により封入体中に産生されたscFv1の特性を哺乳類細胞から分泌されたscFv1の特性と比較するために、scFv1を(最初ATCCから得、懸濁培養で無血清増殖に適合させた)懸濁液適合CHO K1細胞でEvitria(スイスのチューリッヒ)により産生した。既知組成の動物成分を含まない無血清培地で種を増殖させた。細胞を特注の専売のトランスフェクション試薬でトランスフェクションし、トランスフェクション後、動物成分を含まない無血清培地で細胞を増殖させた。ScFv1をプロテインLアフィニティークロマトグラフィー、続いてサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにより精製した。
5~6週齢のメスNOGマウス(中国の北京のVital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.)のHCC827ヒト肺癌モデルを使用して、scFv1のインビボ有効性を調べた。末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、標準的な手順を用いる密度勾配遠心分離によって4人の健康なヒトドナーの血液から単離した。遠心分離後、細胞をPBS溶液で洗浄し、PBSに再懸濁した。各ドナーからのPBMCを、HCC827腫瘍細胞接種の3日前に、0.1mlのPBS中5×106細胞の腹腔内注射により、マウスに移入した。次いで、各マウスに、0.1mlのPBS中5×106のHCC827腫瘍細胞を右脇腹領域に皮下接種した。腫瘍細胞接種の日付を0日目とした。マウスを1日目に無作為化し、15mg/kgのscFv1もしくは非結合scFv2の腹腔内注射で1日2回、または5mg/kgの陽性対照IgG抗体(MPDL3280Aの類似体)の静脈内注射で毎週2回、治療した。腫瘍容積を少なくとも週に2回測定し、式V=0.5a×b2を用いてmm3で表した。ここで、aおよびbはそれぞれ腫瘍の長さおよび幅である。腫瘍増殖阻害(TGI)は、抗腫瘍効果の指標であり、TGI(%)=100×(1-(治療群の平均腫瘍容積)/(scFv2群の平均腫瘍容積)として表される。14日目に、最大の腫瘍増殖阻害を示した2人のドナー由来のPBMCを有する動物を、研究の継続のために選択した。21日目に、全ての動物を屠殺した。群の大きさは、ドナーあたりの群あたりn=3であり、2人の選択されたドナーでの合計の群の大きさはn=6であった。対照に対する治療の比(T/C)は、非結合scFv2対照群と比較したscFv1または陽性対照IgG治療群の腫瘍容積の中央値の比として、式T/C(%)=(治療群の腫瘍容積の中央値/対照群の腫瘍容積の中央値)×100を用いて、計算した。
ScFv1を、配列番号20の重鎖および配列番号24の軽鎖を有するIgGフォーマット(IgG_1)に再フォーマットした。米国第2010/0203056号に記載のYW243.55.S70の公表された配列(配列番号21の重鎖および配列番号25の軽鎖を有するIgG_2)、国際公開第2011/066389/A1号に記載の2.14H9OPT(配列番号22の重鎖および配列番号26の軽鎖を有するIgG_3)、ならびに国際公開第2015/112805A1号に記載のH2M8314N(配列番号23の重鎖および配列番号27の軽鎖を有するIgG_4)に対応する抗体も調製した。合成は、Evitria(スイスのチューリッヒ)によって行われた。最初にATCCから受け取り、懸濁培養で無血清増殖に適合させた懸濁液適合CHO K1細胞を産生に使用した。IgG抗体をプロテインAクロマトグラフィー、続いてサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにより精製した。
Claims (19)
- PD-L1に対する結合特異性を有する結合メンバーであって、
(i)配列番号6、7、及び8に示される可変重鎖CDR-H1、CDR-H2、及びCDR-H3配列、ならびに
(ii)配列番号3、4、及び5に示される可変軽鎖CDR-L1、CDR-L2、及びCDR-L3配列、
を含み、
前記結合メンバーが、抗体、並びにFab、Fab’、F(ab)’2、scFv、Fv 断片又はscFabである抗体フラグメントから成る群より選ばれる、前記結合メンバー。 - (i)配列番号1と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する可変軽鎖、及び
(ii)配列番号2と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する可変重鎖、
を含む、請求項1に記載の結合メンバー。 - (i)配列番号1と100%の配列同一性を有する可変軽鎖、及び
(ii)配列番号2と100%の配列同一性を有する可変重鎖、
を含む、請求項2に記載の結合メンバー。 - リンカー配列をさらに含み、前記リンカー配列が、配列番号10に示される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の結合メンバー。
- 配列番号9もしくは配列番号11又はそれらと少なくとも90%の同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項4に記載の結合メンバー。
- (i)Fab、Fab’、F(ab)’2、scFv、FvフラグメントもしくはscFabである抗体フラグメント、又は
(ii)全長抗体分子
を含む、請求項1に記載の結合メンバー。 - 一価又は多価であり、多重特異性、二重特異性、ダイアボディ、単鎖ダイアボディ、DART、BiTE、又はタンデムscFvである、請求項1に記載の結合メンバー。
- Fcドメインをさらに含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の結合メンバー。
- 前記Fcドメインが、細胞傷害性免疫応答を誘導しない修飾Fcドメインである、請求項8記載の結合メンバー。
- 前記結合メンバーが、ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、又はIgG4アイソタイプ、又はマウスIgG1、IgG2A、IgG2B、IgG3アイソタイプからなる群から選択される定常領域を含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の結合メンバー。
- 化学的又は生物学的に修飾されている、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の結合メンバー。
- 前記化学的又は生物学的な修飾は、グリコシル化、PEG化、HES化、標識化、又は第2の部分への結合を含む、請求項11記載の結合メンバー。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の結合メンバーをコードする配列を含む単離核酸分子。
- 発現ベクター又はクローニングベクターを含む、請求項13記載の単離核酸分子。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の結合メンバー又は請求項13若しくは14記載の単離核酸分子と、担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤とを含む組成物。
- 化粧料組成物、診断組成物又は医薬組成物である、請求項15記載の組成物。
- 医薬組成物であり、前記担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤が薬剤的に許容できる担体、希釈剤又は賦形剤である、請求項16記載の組成物。
- PD-L1媒介疾患の治療、予防又は進行の遅延用である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の結合メンバー、請求項13若しくは14記載の核酸分子、又は請求項15~17のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記PD-L1媒介疾患ががん又は全身性エリテマトーデスである、請求項18記載の結合メンバー、核酸分子、又は組成物。
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