JP7058704B1 - 絶縁シート及びその製造方法、並びに回転電機 - Google Patents
絶縁シート及びその製造方法、並びに回転電機 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7058704B1 JP7058704B1 JP2020194882A JP2020194882A JP7058704B1 JP 7058704 B1 JP7058704 B1 JP 7058704B1 JP 2020194882 A JP2020194882 A JP 2020194882A JP 2020194882 A JP2020194882 A JP 2020194882A JP 7058704 B1 JP7058704 B1 JP 7058704B1
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Abstract
Description
図1は実施の形態1に係る絶縁シート1の概略を示す断面図、図2は図1とは異なる絶縁シート1の概略を示す断面図、図3は実施の形態1に係る別の絶縁シート1である複合絶縁シート10の概略を示す断面図、図4は図3とは異なる複合絶縁シート10の概略を示す断面図、図5は絶縁シート1の絶縁樹脂層3の温度に対する貯蔵せん断弾性率の変化について説明する図、図6は絶縁シート1の絶縁樹脂層3の温度に対する損失弾性率の変化について説明する図、図7は絶縁シート1の絶縁樹脂層3の温度に対する複素粘度の変化について説明する図、図8は実施の形態1に係る絶縁シート1の製造工程を示す図、図9は絶縁シート1の別の製造工程を示す図である。絶縁シート1は、絶縁の対象となる部材の間に配置され、各部材の間を絶縁し、各部材を固着するシートである。
絶縁シート1は、空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きを有したシート状の基材2と、基材2の一方の面もしくは双方の面に設けられた熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる絶縁樹脂層3とを備える。図1に示す絶縁シート1の例では、基材2の一方の面に絶縁樹脂層3が形成され、図2に示す絶縁シート1の例では、基材2の双方の面に絶縁樹脂層3が形成されている。基材2は、絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム、不織布、及びメッシュクロスのいずれか一つの単層シートから形成される。絶縁樹脂層3は、未硬化または半硬化の状態である。基材2が有した空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きから、基材2の双方の面を貫通する貫通孔4が形成される。貫通孔4の内部には、絶縁樹脂層3を構成する熱硬化性樹脂組成物が孔内絶縁樹脂3aとして充填されている。絶縁シート1の作製時において、貫通孔4の内部が孔内絶縁樹脂3aで完全に満たされていなくても構わない。絶縁樹脂層3の硬化処理工程で絶縁樹脂層3が流動するため、貫通孔4の内部は孔内絶縁樹脂3aで満たされる。なお、以下の説明で、絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム等の基材2の材質を特に区別しない場合は、基材2と記す。
基材2を構成する絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム、不織布、及びメッシュクロスの材質としては、絶縁性を有する樹脂繊維またはシリカ繊維などを原料とする。絶縁樹脂層3を構成する熱硬化性樹脂組成物が粒状で複数の無機充填剤を有した場合、空孔、空隙、及び目開きの基材2の表面に平行な方向のサイズは、複数の無機充填剤の最小粒径よりも大きい。熱硬化性樹組成物は、配合される無機充填剤の種類または無機充填剤の配合量により、熱硬化性樹組成物の熱伝導率を高めることができる。貫通孔4を有さない絶縁フィルムまたは絶縁紙を基材2に用いた場合、熱抵抗が低い絶縁フィルムまたは絶縁紙は、固定子コイルから固定子鉄心への排熱を阻害する。空孔、空隙、及び目開きのサイズが無機充填剤の最小粒径より大きく、空孔を有する絶縁フィルムまたは絶縁紙、空隙を有する不織布、もしくは目開きを有するメッシュクロスを基材2に用いることで、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を空孔、空隙、目開き孔の内部に満たすことができる。そのため、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の熱伝導性が基材2においても有効に機能し、基材2による排熱阻害を抑制することができる。
絶縁樹脂層3を構成する熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、25℃で固体の第1の熱硬化性樹脂である熱硬化性樹脂(A)、25℃で液状の第2の熱硬化性樹脂である熱硬化性樹脂(B)、及び60℃以下で反応不活性な潜在性硬化剤を有する。熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、さらに粒状で複数の無機充填剤を有しても構わない。複数の無機充填剤は、最大粒径が絶縁樹脂層の厚みよりも小さく、平均粒径が絶縁樹脂層の厚みの0.5倍よりも小さい。また、熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて硬化促進剤、製膜性付与剤、粘着付与剤、及び接着付与剤等を含む。なお、以下の説明において、熱硬化性樹脂(A)及び熱硬化性樹脂(B)を特に区別せず両方を指す場合、あるいはこれらの混合樹脂を指す場合は、単に「熱硬化性樹脂」と記す。また、常温を約25℃とする。
絶縁樹脂層3の特性について説明する。絶縁樹脂層3は、表面平滑性及び柔軟性が高い方が好ましい。絶縁対象の部材との貼り付け性が良好であって、硬化後の絶縁樹脂層3と絶縁対象の部材との間に空気層が発生しないためには、絶縁樹脂層3の厚みの面内分布を絶縁樹脂層3の厚みの平均値の±30%以内とする。
絶縁シート1の特性について説明する。絶縁シート1は、絶縁対象の部材間(例えば固定子コイルと固定子鉄心の間)に形成された隙間の部分に配置された後、硬化処理工程において加熱され、硬化する。硬化処理工程における加熱温度と加熱時間は、硬化剤及び硬化促進剤の種類によって異なるが、絶縁対象の部材を劣化させない加熱温度と加熱時間に設定される。具体的には、加熱温度は100℃~200℃が好ましく、130℃~190℃がより好ましい。加熱時間は1分~6時間が好ましく、3分~2時間がより好ましい。
絶縁シート1の製造方法について、図8を用いて説明する。空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きを有したシート状の基材2と、基材2の一方の面もしくは双方の面に設けられた熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる絶縁樹脂層3とを備えた絶縁シート1は、熱硬化性樹脂組成物のスラリーを作製する第1の工程(S11)と、基材2に第1の工程で作製したスラリーを塗布した後、未硬化または半硬化の状態までスラリーを乾燥させる第2の工程(S12)とで製造される。
実施の形態2に係る回転電機100について説明する。図10は実施の形態2に係る回転電機100の固定子20の概略を示す斜視図、図11は回転電機100の固定子20の概略を示す断面図、図12は回転電機100の固定子20の一つのスロット14を拡大して示す要部断面図、図13は図12のA-A断面位置で切断した固定子20の断面図、図14は図12のBで示した部分を拡大して示した断面図である。これらの図において、回転電機100が備える回転子は省略している。実施の形態2に係る回転電機100は、実施の形態1で説明した絶縁シート1を有した回転電機100である。
(1-1)ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量2000、軟化点128℃)
(1-2)ビスフェノールA型ビニルエステル樹脂(重合平均分子量2500、軟化点95℃)
(2-1)ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量190)
(2-2)ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート(25℃での粘度6mPa・s)
(3-1)ジシアンジアミド(反応開始温度160℃)
(3-2)キシリレンジアミン(常温で反応活性)
(3-3)t-ブチルクミルパーオキサイド(10時間半減期温度119.5℃)
(4-1)1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾール(反応開始温度125℃)
(4-2)1,8-ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン-7(反応開始温度100℃)
(4―3)オクチル酸亜鉛
<熱可塑性樹脂>
(5-1)フェノキシ樹脂(重合平均分子量20万)
(5-2)ポリエステル樹脂(重合平均分子量8万)
(6-1)溶融シリカ(最大粒径10μm、最小粒径1μm、平均粒径3μm)
(6-2)結晶シリカ(最大粒径30μm、最小粒径5μm、平均粒径15μm)
(6-3)アルミナ(最大粒径6μm、最小粒径2μm、平均粒径3.5μm)
(6-4)炭酸カルシウム(最大粒径15μm、最小粒径3μm、平均粒径6μm)
(6-5)炭酸カルシウム(最大粒径100μm、最小粒径10μm、平均粒径50μm)
(7-1)複合絶縁紙:アラミド紙/ポリイミド/アラミド紙(厚み0.15mm、空孔サイズΦ20μm、空隙率50%)
(7-2)複合絶縁フィルム:ポリフェニレンサルファイド/ポリエチレンテレフタレート/ポリフェニレンサルファイド(厚み0.17mm、層間接着剤あり、空孔サイズ50μm□、空孔率65%)
(7-3)ナノファイバー不織布:ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(厚み:0.075mm、空隙サイズ3~20μm、空隙率70%)
(7-4)メッシュクロス:アルミナ(厚み:0.15mm、目開きサイズ100μm、目開き率65%)
(7-5)アラミド紙(厚み0.18mm)
(7-6)絶縁フィルム:ポリエチレンテレフタレート(厚み0.1mm、空孔サイズΦ0.8μm、空隙率70%)
(7-7)不織布:ポリエステル(厚み:0.12mm、空隙サイズ0.5~2μm、空隙率15%)
(7-8)メッシュクロス:ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(厚み:0.07mm、目開きサイズ1μm、目開き率1.5%)
図15の実施例に示した5種類の絶縁シート1は、実施の形態1に記載した原料で、実施の形態1で設定された配合にて作製されている。一方、図16の比較例に示した4種類の絶縁シート1は、原料の配合、基材2の選定、基材2への絶縁樹脂層3の塗布条件等が本願に適合しておらず、本願に示した絶縁シート1が作製されていない。図15及び図16に示した絶縁シート1及び絶縁樹脂層3(硬化処理前)に対し、表面平滑性、柔軟性、絶縁樹脂層3の圧縮率、熱伝導率、粘着性、クレージング、不揮発分、ゲル化時間、貯蔵せん断弾性率、及び複素粘度について評価した。また、硬化処理後の絶縁樹脂層3について、接着強度と絶縁耐圧を評価した。実施例及び比較例の評価結果を、図17と図18のそれぞれに示す。
最初に、実施例の評価結果について、図17を用いて説明する。図17の実施例に示した5種類の絶縁シート1は、いずれも柔軟性及び粘弾性特性(貯蔵せん断弾性率、複素粘度)に優れており、10%以上の圧縮率を有している。そのため、回転電機100の固定子鉄心12と固定子コイル11の隙間に絶縁シート1が配置された時に、固定子鉄心12を円筒状に成形する時の圧力によって絶縁樹脂層3の厚みが減少し、かつ加熱時に絶縁樹脂層3が流動して隙間の細部に浸透することができる。また、40℃にて30日保管した後において、柔軟性と圧縮率に変化がないことから、常温では反応進行が遅く絶縁シート1の可使時間は長い。また、いずれも高い接着強度と絶縁耐圧が得られている。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願明細書に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (14)
- 空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きを有したシート状の基材と、
前記基材の一方の面もしくは双方の面に設けられた熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる絶縁樹脂層と、を備え、
前記基材は、絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム、不織布、及びメッシュクロスのいずれか一つの単層シート、もしくは前記絶縁紙、前記絶縁フィルム、前記不織布、及び前記メッシュクロスから選択された複数のシートが積層された積層シートから形成され、
前記絶縁樹脂層は、未硬化または半硬化の状態であり、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、25℃で固体の第1の熱硬化性樹脂、25℃で液状の第2の熱硬化性樹脂、及び60℃以下で反応不活性な潜在性硬化剤を有し、
前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂と前記第2の熱硬化性樹脂とを合計した質量を100質量部としたときに、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂の質量部は、10質量部から90質量部の範囲内であり、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、粒状で複数の無機充填剤を有し、
複数の前記無機充填剤の配合量は、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全量に対して、70体積%以下であり、
複数の前記無機充填剤は、最大粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みよりも小さく、平均粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みの0.5倍よりも小さく、
前記空孔、前記空隙、及び前記目開きの前記基材の表面に平行な方向のサイズは、複数の前記無機充填剤の最小粒径よりも大きく、
前記空孔の空孔率、前記空隙の空隙率、及び前記目開きの目開き率は、20%から95%の範囲内である絶縁シート。 - 前記基材の材質は、エンジニアリングプラスチックまたはスーパーエンジニアリングプラスチックからなる絶縁樹脂材料、シリカまたはアルミナまたはガラスからなる無機系絶縁材料、もしくは繊維状の前記絶縁樹脂材料または繊維状の前記無機系絶縁材料を含む材料である請求項1に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記基材は前記積層シートであって、
前記基材は、前記絶縁紙及び前記絶縁フィルムのいずれか一方または双方を積層して形成されている請求項1または2に記載の絶縁シート。 - 前記基材は前記積層シートであって、
前記基材は、前記絶縁樹脂層または接着剤を介して積層された複数の前記シートを備えている請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。 - 前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂及び前記第2の熱硬化性樹脂は、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、及び不飽和ポリエステル樹脂のうち少なくとも1つを有している請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂は、50℃から160℃の範囲内に軟化点を有したエポキシ樹脂である請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記潜在性硬化剤は、三フッ化ホウ素-アミン錯体、ジシアンジアミド、有機酸ヒドラジッドのいずれかである請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、重量平均分子量が10,000から100,000の範囲内にある熱可塑性樹脂を有し、
前記熱可塑性樹脂は、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂と前記第2の熱硬化性樹脂とを合計した質量を100質量部としたときに、1質量部から100質量部の範囲内である請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。 - 前記絶縁樹脂層は、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全質量を100重量部としたときに、不揮発分が97質量部以上である請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みは、前記絶縁シートが配置される隙間の間隔と前記基材の厚みとの差の1.1倍から2.0倍の範囲内に形成されている請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の絶縁シート。
- 前記絶縁樹脂層が硬化されている、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載した絶縁シートと、
円筒状の固定子鉄心、及び前記絶縁樹脂層を硬化させた前記絶縁シートを介して前記固定子鉄心に形成されたスロットに配置された固定子コイルを有する固定子と、を備え、
前記絶縁シートは、前記固定子鉄心と前記固定子コイルとの間を絶縁し、前記固定子鉄心と前記固定子コイルとを固着している回転電機。 - 前記絶縁樹脂層で固着された前記固定子鉄心と前記固定子コイルとの接着力は、20N/m以上である請求項11に記載の回転電機。
- 空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きを有したシート状の基材と、前記基材の一方の面もしくは双方の面に設けられた熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる絶縁樹脂層と、を備えた絶縁シートの製造方法であって、
25℃で固体の第1の熱硬化性樹脂と、25℃で液状の第2の熱硬化性樹脂と、60℃以下で反応不活性な潜在性硬化剤と、最大粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みよりも小さく、平均粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みの0.5倍よりも小さい粒状で複数の無機充填剤と、希釈剤と、を攪拌混合して、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物のスラリーを作製する第1の工程と、
前記空孔、前記空隙、及び前記目開きの前記基材の表面に平行な方向のサイズは、複数の前記無機充填剤の最小粒径よりも大きく、前記空孔の空孔率、前記空隙の空隙率、及び前記目開きの目開き率は、20%から95%の範囲内であり、絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム、不織布、及びメッシュクロスのいずれか一つの単層シート、もしくは前記絶縁紙、前記絶縁フィルム、前記不織布、及び前記メッシュクロスから選択された複数のシートが積層された積層シートから形成された前記基材の一方の面もしくは双方の面に前記スラリーを塗布した後、未硬化または半硬化の状態まで前記スラリーを乾燥させる第2の工程と、を備え、
前記スラリーの作製温度は10℃から40℃の範囲内であり、
前記第1の工程における前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂と前記第2の熱硬化性樹脂とを合計した質量を100質量部としたときに、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂の質量部は、10質量部から90質量部の範囲内であり、
前記第1の工程における複数の前記無機充填剤の配合量は、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全量に対して、70体積%以下である絶縁シートの製造方法。 - 空孔、空隙、もしくは目開きを有したシート状の基材と、前記基材の一方の面もしくは双方の面に設けられた熱硬化性樹脂組成物からなる絶縁樹脂層と、を備えた絶縁シートの製造方法であって、
25℃で固体の第1の熱硬化性樹脂と、25℃で液状の第2の熱硬化性樹脂と、60℃以下で反応不活性な潜在性硬化剤と、最大粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みよりも小さく、平均粒径が前記絶縁樹脂層の厚みの0.5倍よりも小さい粒状で複数の無機充填剤と、希釈剤と、を攪拌混合して、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物のスラリーを作製する第1の工程と、
離型紙または離型フィルムに前記スラリーを塗布した後、未硬化または半硬化の状態まで前記スラリーを乾燥させる第2の工程と、
前記空孔、前記空隙、及び前記目開きの前記基材の表面に平行な方向のサイズは、複数の前記無機充填剤の最小粒径よりも大きく、前記空孔の空孔率、前記空隙の空隙率、及び前記目開きの目開き率は、20%から95%の範囲内であり、絶縁紙、絶縁フィルム、不織布、及びメッシュクロスのいずれか一つの単層シート、もしくは前記絶縁紙、前記絶縁フィルム、前記不織布、及び前記メッシュクロスから選択された複数のシートが積層された積層シートから形成された前記基材の一方の面もしくは双方の面に前記第2の工程で乾燥させた前記スラリーを圧着して貼り付ける第3の工程と、を備え、
前記スラリーの作製温度は10℃から40℃の範囲内であり、
前記第1の工程における前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂と前記第2の熱硬化性樹脂とを合計した質量を100質量部としたときに、前記第1の熱硬化性樹脂の質量部は、10質量部から90質量部の範囲内であり、
前記第1の工程における複数の前記無機充填剤の配合量は、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の全量に対して、70体積%以下である絶縁シートの製造方法。
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