JP7057063B2 - テトラアリールインダセノジチオフェンに基づいた多環式ポリマーおよびそれらの使用 - Google Patents
テトラアリールインダセノジチオフェンに基づいた多環式ポリマーおよびそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7057063B2 JP7057063B2 JP2016569915A JP2016569915A JP7057063B2 JP 7057063 B2 JP7057063 B2 JP 7057063B2 JP 2016569915 A JP2016569915 A JP 2016569915A JP 2016569915 A JP2016569915 A JP 2016569915A JP 7057063 B2 JP7057063 B2 JP 7057063B2
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、テトラアリールインダセノジチオフェンに基づいた構造的単位を含む化合物、かかる化合物の合成、および有機電子デバイスにおけるそれらの使用に関する。本発明はさらに、かかる化合物を含む有機電子デバイスに関する。
近年、より多用途であり、より低いコストの電子デバイスを生産することができるために有機半導体(OSC)材料を開発するための主な努力がなされている。かかる材料は、2~3例のみを挙げると、広範囲のデバイスまたは装置、例えば有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、光検出器、有機光起電(OPV)セル、センサー、記憶素子および論理回路における適用が見出される。有機半導体材料は、一般に、電子デバイス中に、例えば50~300nmの厚さの薄層の形態において存在する。
本発明者らは、ここで、驚くべきことに、上記の目的は本出願の化合物によって個々に、またはあらゆる組み合わせにおいて到達され得ることを見出した。
X1およびX2は、互いに独立してSまたはSeであり;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は、互いに独立して少なくとも1つの置換基Rを含むアリールであり、前記置換基Rは、13~19個の炭素原子を含むオルガニルまたはオルガノヘテリルであり;
aは、0または1~10の整数であり;ならびに
Ar5は、各出現において独立して、30個までの芳香環原子を有するアリール、置換アリール、ヘテロアリールおよび置換ヘテロアリールからなる群から選択される。
さらに、本出願は、前記化合物および少なくとも1種の有機溶媒を含む配合物を提供する。
さらに、本出願は、本出願の化合物を含む電子デバイスを提供する。
本出願の目的のために、アスタリスク(「*」)は、隣接する単位または基、あるいはポリマーの場合においては隣接する繰り返し単位またはあらゆる他の基、例えば末端基もしくは末端キャップ基への結合を示す。
一連の3個以上のC原子を含むオルガニルまたはオルガノヘテリル基は、直鎖状、分枝状および/または環状であり得、スピロおよび/または縮合環を含む。
本明細書中で使用する「ハロゲン」は、F、Cl、BrまたはI、好ましくはF、ClまたはBrを含む。
本明細書中で使用する-CO-、-C(=O)-および-C(O)-は、カルボニル基、すなわち構造
X0を、ハロゲン、好ましくはF、ClまたはBrを示すために使用する。
本発明者らは、集中的な実験の後に、インダセノジチオフェン化合物の特性を、インダセノジチオフェン単位上の置換基を適切に選択することにより大幅に改善することができることを見出した。
X1およびX2は、互いに独立してSまたはSeである。好ましくは、X1およびX2は、共にSである。
Ar5の好ましい例は、式(A1)~(A96)および(D1)~(D140)からなる群から選択され得る。
1つの観点において、本出願は、小分子、すなわち式(I-a)または(I-b)で表される構造的単位ならびに2つの不活性な化学基RaおよびRbを含む化合物を提供する。かかる小分子は、例えば式(IV-a)によって表され得る。
Ra-M0-Rb (IV-a)
Rc-M0-Rd (IV-b)
式中、M0は、式(I-a)または(I-b)で表される構造的なM単位を含み、RcおよびRdは、Rcについて上に定義した反応性の化学基である。
*-Ua m1-Ara m2-Ub m3-Arb m4-Arc m5-* (V)
UaおよびUbは、互いに独立して、上に定義した式(I-a)、(I-b)およびその副次式のいずれかで表される構造的単位Mから選択され;
Ara、ArbおよびArcは、互いに独立して、UaおよびUbとは異なるアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;
m1、m2、m3およびm4は、互いに独立して、0、1および2からなる群から選択され、ただしm1およびm3の少なくとも一方は、0ではなく;ならびに
m5は、0または1~10の整数(例えば2、3、4、5、6、7、8もしくは9)である、
を含んでもよく、好ましくはそれからなる。。
さらなる観点において、本出願は、オリゴマーまたはポリマー、すなわち式(I-a)または(I-b)で表される1つより多い構造的単位を含む化合物を提供する。好ましくは、かかるオリゴマーまたはポリマーは、式(V)、(V-a-1)、(V-a-2)および(V-b-1)~(V-b-5)のいずれか1つにおいて定義した1つより多い基M0を含む。各出現において、M0は、同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
*-[-Ard m6-Ara m2-Are m7-Arb m4-Arc m5]-* (VI)
Ara、Arb、Arc、m2、m4およびm5は、上に定義した通りであり;
ArdおよびAreは、各々独立して、好ましくは互いに独立して式(D1)~(D140)および(A1)~(A96)からなる群から選択された、電子供与体特性または電子受容体特性を有するアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;ならびに
m6およびm7は、互いに独立して0、1または2であり、ただしm6およびm7の少なくとも一方は0ではない(例えばm6は0であり、m7は1であり、またはm6は1であり、m7は0であり、またはm6は1であり、m7は1である)、
の1つから選択される。。
mは、>1の整数であり;
M1、M2およびM3は、互いに独立して以下に定義するモノマー単位であり、ただしM1、M2およびM3の少なくとも1つは、式(I-a)または(I-b)で表される構造的単位Mを含み;
mxは、>0および≦1であり;
myは、≧0および<1であり;ならびに
mzは、≧0および<1であり、
ただしmx+my+mz=1である、
で表されるポリマー鎖を含んでもよい。。
a) 単位Uaまたは(Ara-Ua)または(Ara-Ua-Arb)または(Ara-Ua-Arc)または(Ua-Arb-Arc)または(Ara-Ua-Arb-Arc)または(Ua-Ara-Ua)で表されるホモポリマーからなり、すなわちここですべての繰り返し単位が同一であり、それによって単位(Ara-Ua)からなるポリマーをまたモノマー単位のそれぞれの観点に依存して交互コポリマーと見ることができることを注記する、群1、
b) 同一の単位(Ara-Ua-Arb)または(Ua-Ara-Ua)および同一の単位(Arc)によって形成されるランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる、群2、
c) 同一の単位(Ara-Ua-Arb)または(Ua-Ara-Ub)および同一の単位(Ara)によって形成されるランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる、群3、
d) 同一の単位(Ara-Ua-Arb)または(Ua-Ara-Ub)および同一の単位(Ara-Ard-Arb)または(Ard-Ara-Are)によって形成されるランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる、群4、
Re-chain-Rf (VIII)
式中、「chain」は、式(VII)または(VII-1)~(VII-10)のいずれか1つで表されるポリマー鎖を示し、ReおよびRfは、互いに独立して、上に定義したRsの意味の1つを有し、または互いに独立して、H、F、Br、Cl、I、-CH2Cl、-CHO、-CR0=CR00 2、-SiR0R00R000、-SiR0X’’X’’’、-SiR0R00X’’、-SnR0R00R000、-BR0R00、-B(OR0)(OR0)、-B(OH)2、-O-SO2-R0、-C≡CH、-C≡C-SiR0 3、-ZnX’’または末端キャップ基を示し、X’およびX’’は、ハロゲンを示し、R0、R00およびR000は、先に定義した通りであり、R0、R00およびR000の2つはまた、それらが付着した原子と一緒に環を形成してもよい。
式(VII)および(VII-1)~(VII-10)で表されるポリマー鎖において、mx、myおよびmzは、それぞれ、単位M1、M2およびM3のモル分率を示し、mは、重合度を示す。これらの式は、mx>0およびmy=mz=0である場合について、M1、M2およびM3のブロックコポリマー、ランダムまたは統計コポリマーおよび交互コポリマーならびにM1のホモポリマーを含むことを意図する。
- 0<my<1およびmz=0;
- 0<my<1および0<mz<1;
- Mwは、少なくとも5,000、好ましくは少なくとも8,000、より好ましくは少なくとも10,000である;
- Mwは、最大で300,000、好ましくは最大で100,000である;
- RcおよびRdは、互いに独立して、Cl、Br、I、O-トシラート、O-トリフラート、O-メシラート、O-ノナフラート、-SiMe2F、-SiMeF2、-O-SO2Z1、-B(OZ2)2、-CZ3=C(Z4)2、-C≡CH、C≡CSi(Z1)3、-ZnX0および-Sn(Z4)3からなる群から選択され、ここでX0は、ハロゲンであり、Z1、Z2、Z3およびZ4は、アルキルおよびアリールからなる群から選択され、各々は、任意に置換されており、2つの基Z2はまた、環状基を形成してもよい。
本発明の別の態様は、式(I-a)もしくは(I-b)で表される構造的単位を含む1つ以上の同一であるかもしくは異なるモノマー単位または一般式(IV-a)で表されるモノマーを、互いと、および/または1種以上のコモノマーと、重合反応において、好ましくはアリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセスである。
a) 式(IX-1)
Rc-Ara-Ua-Arb-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-2)
Rc-Ara-Rd (IX-2)
で表されるモノマーと、
アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス;または
Rc-Ua-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-1)
Rc-Ara-Ard-Arb-Rd (IX-1)
で表されるモノマーと、
アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス;または
Rc-Ua-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-3)
Rc-Ard-Rd (IX-3)
で表されるモノマーと、
アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス;または
Rc-Ua-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-3)
Rc-Ard-Rd (IX-3)
で表されるモノマー
および式(IX-2)
Rc-Ara-Rd (IX-2)
で表されるモノマーと、アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス;または
Rc-Ua-Ara-Ub-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-2)
Rc-Ara-Rd (IX-2)
で表されるモノマーと、アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス;または
Rc-Ua-Rd
で表されるモノマーを、
式(IX-2)
Rc-Ara-Rd(IX-2)
で表されるモノマー
および式(IX-3)
Rc-Ard-Rd(IX-3)
で表されるモノマーと、アリール-アリールカップリング反応においてカップリングさせることによる、ポリマーを製造するプロセス、
本発明による化合物およびポリマーをまた、混合物またはポリマーブレンドにおいて、例えば小分子もしくはモノマー化合物と一緒に、または電荷輸送、半導体、電気伝導、光伝導および/もしくは発光半導体特性を有する他のポリマーと一緒に、または、例えばOLEDデバイスにおいて中間層もしくは電荷ブロッキング層としての使用の、正孔ブロッキングもしくは電子ブロッキング特性を有するポリマーと共に使用することができる。したがって、本発明の別の態様は、本発明による1種以上のポリマーおよび前述の特性の1つ以上を有する1種以上のさらなるポリマーを含むポリマーブレンドに関する。これらのブレンドを、先行技術に記載されており、当業者に知られている慣用の方法によって製造することができる。典型的に、ポリマーを、互いと混合するか、または好適な溶媒に溶解し、溶液を合わせる。
-任意に基板、
-高い仕事関数の電極、好ましくは金属酸化物、例えばITOを含み、アノードとして作用する、
-任意に、例えばLiFを含む、電子輸送特性を有する層、
-低い仕事関数の電極、好ましくは金属、例えばアルミニウムを含み、カソードとして作用するもの、
ここで、p型半導体は、本発明によるポリマーである。
-任意に基板、
-例えばITOを含み、カソードとして作用する、高い仕事関数の金属または金属酸化物電極、
-任意の導電性ポリマー層または正孔輸送層、好ましくは、例えばPEDOT:PSSまたはTBDもしくはNBDの有機ポリマーまたはポリマーブレンドを含むもの、
-アノードとして作用する、高い仕事関数の金属、例えば銀を含む電極、
ここで、p型半導体は、本発明によるポリマーである。
-ソース電極、
-ドレイン電極、
-ゲート電極、
-半導体層、
-1つ以上のゲート絶縁体層、
-任意に基板。
ここで半導体層は、好ましくは、本明細書中に記載した化合物、ポリマー、ポリマーブレンドまたは配合物を含む。
本明細書の記載および特許請求の範囲の全体にわたって、「含む(comprise)」および「含有する(contain)」の語ならびに当該語の変化形、例えば「含む(comprising)」および「含む(comprises)」は、「含むがこれらには限定されない」を意味し、他のコンポーネントを除外することを意図しない(および除外しない)。
以下の非限定的例はさらに、本発明の利点を例示する。
例1
化合物1
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=152,000g/mol、Mw=597,000g/mol。
化合物3
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=91,000g/mol、Mw=210,000g/mol。
ポリマー3
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=54,000g/mol、Mw=128,000g/mol。
ポリマー4
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=9,700g/mol、Mw=15,400g/mol。
ポリマー5
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=58,200g/mol、Mw=119,000g/mol。
ポリマー6
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=94,000g/mol、Mw=223,000g/mol。
ポリマー7
GPC(クロロベンゼン、50℃)Mn=72,400g/mol、Mw=285,900g/mol。
トップゲート薄膜有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)を、フォトリソグラフィー的に(photolithographically)定義したAuソース-ドレイン電極を有するガラス基板上に製作した。有機半導体をジクロロベンゼンに溶解した7mg/cm3溶液を、最上部上にスピンコートし(フィルムの任意の焼きなましを、100℃、150℃または200℃で1~5分間行う)、続いてスピンコートしたフッ素重合体誘電体材料(Merck、ドイツからのLisicon(登録商標)D139)。最後に、フォトリソグラフィー的に定義したAuゲート電極を、堆積させた。トランジスタデバイスの電気的特徴づけを、周囲空気雰囲気中で、コンピューター制御Agilent 4155C Semiconductor Parameter Analyserを使用して行った。飽和型における電荷担体移動度(μsat)を、化合物について計算した。電界効果移動度を、飽和型(Vd>(Vg-V0))において、方程式(1)を使用して計算した:
Claims (13)
- X1およびX2がSである、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物が少なくとも2つの構成単位Mを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物がオリゴマーまたはポリマーである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の1種以上の化合物ならびに結合剤および半導体、電荷輸送、正孔輸送、電子輸送、正孔ブロッキング、電子ブロッキング、電気伝導、光伝導または発光特性を有する化合物またはポリマーからなる群から選択された1種以上の化合物またはポリマーを含む、混合物またはブレンド。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物および有機溶媒を含む、配合物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の、光学的、電気光学的、電子的、エレクトロルミネセントまたはフォトルミネセントコンポーネントまたはデバイスにおける電荷輸送、半導体、電気伝導、光伝導または発光材料としての使用。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む、電荷輸送、半導体、電気伝導、光伝導または発光材料。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含むコンポーネントまたはデバイスであって、前記コンポーネントまたはデバイスが、有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、集積回路(IC)、論理回路、キャパシタ、無線自動識別(RFID)タグ、デバイスまたはコンポーネント、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機発光トランジスタ(OLET)、フラットパネルディスプレイ、ディスプレイのバックライト、有機光起電装置(OPV)、有機太陽電池(O-SC)、フォトダイオード、レーザーダイオード、光伝導体、有機光検出器(OPD)、電子写真デバイス、電子写真記録デバイス、有機記憶デバイス、センサーデバイス、電荷注入層、電荷輸送層またはポリマー発光ダイオード(PLED)中の中間層、ショットキーダイオード、平坦化層、帯電防止フィルム、ポリマー電解質膜(PEM)、伝導性基板、伝導性パターン、電池中の電極材料、整列層、バイオセンサー、バイオチップ、セキュリティマーキング、セキュリティデバイス、およびDNA配列を検出し、識別するためのコンポーネントまたはデバイスからなる群から選択される、前記コンポーネントまたはデバイス。
- 前記コンポーネントまたはデバイスが有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、集積回路(IC)、無線自動識別(RFID)タグ、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機発光トランジスタ(OLET)およびディスプレイのバックライトからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載のコンポーネントまたはデバイス。
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JP7365869B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-21 | 2023-10-20 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物を含む組成物、該高分子化合物の製造方法及び該高分子化合物を用いてなる発光素子の製造方法 |
CN112103397A (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2020-12-18 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 量子点发光二极管及其制备方法、显示面板和显示装置 |
CN115926119B (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-10-15 | 中国人民解放军96901部队25分队 | 一种宽波段吸收的电致变色聚合物及其制备方法和一种电致变色薄膜 |
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US10270034B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
KR102386679B1 (ko) | 2022-04-13 |
EP3149107B1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
WO2015180822A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
TWI672324B (zh) | 2019-09-21 |
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