JP6975045B2 - 漿果および果実材料を抗菌活性画分に変換するための方法 - Google Patents
漿果および果実材料を抗菌活性画分に変換するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6975045B2 JP6975045B2 JP2017551366A JP2017551366A JP6975045B2 JP 6975045 B2 JP6975045 B2 JP 6975045B2 JP 2017551366 A JP2017551366 A JP 2017551366A JP 2017551366 A JP2017551366 A JP 2017551366A JP 6975045 B2 JP6975045 B2 JP 6975045B2
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Description
漿果または果実およびそれらのいずれかの組合せに由来し、15wt%以下の水分含量を有する、漿果、果実、副産物、側流および廃棄物より選択される少なくとも1つの漿果材料または果実材料を篩い分け、これにより種子画分を皮画分から分離する工程、
種子画分にサンディングを施し、ここで2〜40 wt%の種子を除去し、種子の表層を含む種皮(seed coat)画分およびサンディングした種子を含むサンディングした種子画分を得る工程、ならびに
漿果が、ルブス属(Rubus、キイチゴ属)、ソルブス属(Sorbus、ナナカマド属)、ローザ属(Rosa、バラ属)、エムペトルム属(Empetrum、ガンコウラン属)、アロニア属(Aronia)およびヒッポファエ属(Hippophae)ならびにそれらの組合せより選択され、果実が、ビチス属(Vitis、ブドウ属)、プニカ属(Punica、ザクロ属)、ピュルス属(Pyrus、ナシ属)およびマルス属(Malus、リンゴ属)ならびにそれらの組合せより選択される工程
を含む、方法に関する。
他に明記されない限り、本明細書および請求の範囲で用いられる用語は、食品産業の分野で一般に用いられる意味を有する。具体的には、以下の用語は、以下に示す意味を有する。
本発明は、貴重な生物活性化合物を含む画分、特に相当量のフェノール化合物、例えばエラグ酸およびエラジタンニンを含む画分に漿果材料および果実材料を変換するための便利な方法を提供する。エラジタンニンは、エラグ酸とのグルコースのエステルであり、これは加水分解されるとエラグ酸を生成する。
本発明において、ルブス属、ソルブス属、エムペトルム属、ローザ属、アロニア属およびヒッポファエ属およびそれらのいずれかの組合せの、すべての野生の漿果、栽培された漿果およびすべての雑種漿果を用い得る。ラズベリー、ブラックベリー、チシマイチゴ(synonym arctic raspberry)、デューベリーおよびクラウドベリー、ならびにローガンベリーおよびボイセンベリーを含む雑種漿果は、本発明に適切なルブス属の種の例である。ロワンベリーはソルブス属の種の、クロウベリーはエムペトルム属の種の、ローズヒップおよびドッグローズはローザ属の種の、チョークベリーはアロニア属の種の、シーバックソーンベリーはヒッポファエ属の種の、本発明に適した例である。
ビチス属、プニカ属、ピュルス属およびマルス属のすべての果実は、本発明の方法に適切である。種子を含みビチス属に属するすべてのブドウおよびすべての雑種ブドウが、本発明において用いられ得る。典型的には、膨大な量の廃棄物が、ブドウの木の加工、例えばブドウの木の圧縮から得られ、このようにブドウはまた、本発明のための特に適切な原料供給源を提供する。
本発明の方法に適切な漿果材料および果実材料は、漿果または果実の加工に由来する全漿果、全果実、副産物、側流および廃棄物より選択され得る。該副産物、側流および廃棄物の例は、プレスケーキ、搾りかす、漿果ケーキおよび果実ケーキである。該副産物、側流および廃棄物は、漿果または果実が加工前に機械的にどの程度洗浄されるかに応じて、典型的には漿果または果実の果皮、種子、果肉、時には葉、高木(arbor)および針葉樹葉を含む。
本発明は、抗菌活性を有する生物活性化合物を含む画分に漿果および/または果実材料を変換するための方法であって、
漿果または果実およびそれらのいずれかの組合せに由来し、15wt%以下の水分含量を有する、漿果、果実、副産物、側流および廃棄物より選択される少なくとも1つの漿果材料または果実材料を篩い分け、これにより種子画分を皮画分から分離する工程、
種子画分にサンディングを施し、ここで2〜40 wt%の種子を除去し、種子の表層を含む種皮画分およびサンディングした種子を含むサンディングした種子画分を得る工程、ならびに
漿果が、ルブス属、ソルブス属、ローザ属、エムペトルム属、アロニア属およびヒッポファエ属ならびにそれらの組合せより選択され、果実が、ビチス属、プニカ属、ピュルス属およびマルス属ならびにそれらの組合せより選択される工程
を含む、方法に関する。
本発明の一実施態様において、漿果材料または果実材料を篩い分け前に前処理する。前処理は、熱処理、発酵、酵素処理、圧縮、圧搾、乾燥、粉砕およびそれらの組合せより選択される方法に漿果材料または果実材料を供することにより行い得る。
市販のジュース圧縮方法からのクラウドベリーの乾燥プレスケーキを篩い分けた。篩い分け時間10分および振幅1.5 mmの設定にて1.6 mmスクリーンで振動篩振とう機を用いて種子を皮画分から分離した。サンディング時間15分で研磨機(精麦機)を用いて種子をサンディングした。表1は、種々の製造方法工程により得られた収率ならびに篩い分けおよびサンディングにより得られた画分の分布を示す。
市販ジュースの圧縮工程からのクラウドベリーの乾燥プレスケーキを篩い分けた。篩い分け時間5分および振幅1.5 mmの設定にて1.60 mmスクリーンで振動篩振とう機を用いて種子を皮画分から分離した。サンディング時間15分で研磨機(精麦機)を用いて種子をサンディングした。篩い分けおよびサンディング画分の収率ならびに篩い分けおよびサンディングにより得られた画分の分布を表2に示す。
凍結ラズベリーを解凍し、乳棒で粉砕した。粉砕ラズベリーを45℃まで温め、イオペクチナーゼスーパー8X(iopectinase Super 8X )酵素を加えた。酵素量は、100 nkat/g漿果(すなわち1.98 ml/1 kg漿果、活性51000 nkat/ml)であった。インキュベーション時間(4時間)の後、ジュース圧縮を高圧チンキプレスH P5(High Pressure Tincture Press H P5)プレッサーにより行った。プレスケーキの量は16重量%であり、プレスケーキの乾燥物は48重量%であった。45℃にて空気流を用いて急速乾燥機によりプレスケーキを89%乾燥物まで乾燥した。
クラウドベリーを凍結し、凍結乾燥した。乾燥クラウドベリー(15 wt%未満の水)を手で砕いて、漿果全体から皮、果肉および種子部分を分離した。1.6 mmスクリーンで振動篩振とう機を用いて種子を皮および果肉部分から分離した。クラウドベリー材料を篩い分け時間5分および振幅1.0 mmで最初に篩い分けて、その後、10個のガラス球で同じ篩い分け設定を用いて篩い分けた。ガラス球は、種子から果肉および皮を分離するのを補助した。その後、サンディング時間15分および30分で研磨機(精麦機)を用いて種子をサンディングした。種々の製造方法工程により得られた収率ならびに篩い分けおよびサンディングにより得られた画分の分布を表4に示す。
発酵
凍結させた熟したクラウドベリー(ホロムイイチゴ(Rubus chamaemorus))を漿果材料として用いた。漿果材料を最初に加熱処理し、その後、およそ106 cfu/gの洗浄LAB細胞を播種した。VTT Culture Collectionのペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス(Pedicoccus pentosaceus)VTT E-072742をクラウドベリーの発酵におけるスターターカルチャーとして用いた(http://culturecollection.vtt.fi/)。発酵前に、嫌気ジャーおよびAnaerocult C ストリップを用いて作成した100%二酸化炭素雰囲気で1日間Man Rogosa Sharpe中にて菌株を再生した。細胞を再生培養物から遠心分離により回収し、リンガー溶液中で1回洗浄した。発酵を6 kgスケールで15-l容量のバイオリアクター中で3日間30℃にて一定攪拌下(130 rpm)で行った。嫌気条件を作成するためにバイオリアクターを無菌濾過窒素ガスでパージした。プレートカウント技術を用いて発酵前後の乳酸菌および酵母の生菌数を測定した。結果を湿重量1グラム当たりのコロニー形成単位(CTU)として表す。発酵した漿果マッシュを冷凍保存した。
発酵後、漿果マッシュを5リットルの充填材料を用いて水圧で作動する高圧チンキプレスで処理して、ジュースおよび不溶性プレスケーキを分離した。
漿果材料の抗菌活性を、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス、S. エピデルミディス(S. epidermidis)、シュードモナス・エルギノーサ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、サルモネラ・ティフィムリウム(Salmonella typhimurium)、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)およびカンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans)を含む選択した微生物に対して試験した。漿果材料を試験のためにアセトンで抽出した。
ナノセルロースクリーニングワイプスにおけるスタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(重要な皮病原体)に対するクラウドベリー種皮画分の抗菌活性をこの実施例において試験した。
サンディングしたクラウドベリー種子を最初に水に一晩浸した。その後、40℃にて酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液pH 4中で22時間、セルロース、ペクチナーゼおよびキシラナーゼ(Econase CE、30 FPU/g種子の量;Pectinex Ultra、3000 nkat/gの量およびDepol 740、3000 nkat/gの量)の酵素混合物で種子を処理した。酵素処理後、種子をオーブン中で乾燥した。酵素を有しない緩衝液中で対照種子をインキュベートした。処理後の乾燥種子からの脂肪酸を分析した。対照種子および酵素処理した種子からの脂肪酸の収率は、それぞれ5.1 mg/gおよび7.1 mg/gであった。結果は、脂肪酸が、サンディングのみした種子と比較して、酵素で処理しサンディングした種子からより容易に遊離することを示す。
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウスおよびS. エピデルミディス(重要な皮病原体)に対するクラウドベリー種皮画分の抗菌活性を油性および塩基性クリーム、化粧用マスクならびにトナーにおいて試験した。
スタフィロコッカス・アウレウスおよびS. エピデルミディス(重要な皮病原体)に対するクラウドベリー種皮画分の抗菌活性を化粧用のエクスフォリエータークリームにおいてこの実施例で試験する。
Claims (11)
- 抗菌活性を有する生物活性化合物を含む画分を漿果材料から得るための方法であって、漿果に由来し、15wt%以下の水分含量を有する、漿果、副産物、側流および廃棄物より選択される少なくとも1つの漿果材料を篩い分け、これにより種子画分を皮画分から分離する工程、種子画分にサンディングを施し、ここで2〜40 wt%の種子の表層を除去し、当該種子の表層を含む種皮画分およびサンディングした種子を含むサンディングした種子画分を得る工程、ここで、当該種皮画分は生物活性化合物を含み、ならびに漿果が、クラウドベリーおよびラズベリーより選択される工程を含むことを特徴とする、方法。
- 漿果材料を篩い分けの前に前処理し、該前処理を、熱処理、発酵、酵素処理、圧縮、圧搾、乾燥およびそれらの組合せより選択される方法に漿果材料を供することにより行うことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 漿果材料を乳酸菌を用いて発酵し、好ましくは該乳酸菌が、ラクトコッカス属、ラクトバチルス属、ペディオコッカス属およびオエノコッカス属より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 漿果材料を炭水化物加水分解酵素で処理し、好ましくは該酵素が、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、キシラナーゼおよびそれらの組合せより選択されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 篩い分けが、篩い分け装置、空気分級装置、空気ジェット篩い分け装置、スクリーニング装置、ロータリースクリーンまたはスクリーニング装置、好ましくは振動篩い分け装置を用いて行われることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- サンディングを、穀物研磨機、米研磨機および搗精機より選択されるサンディングまたは研磨装置を用いて行うことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 漿果材料を、0.1〜10 wt%、好ましくは0.1〜8 wt%の水分含量を有するまで乾燥することを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- サンディングした種子画分を、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、キシラナーゼおよびそれらの組合せより選択される酵素で処理し、酵素処理しサンディングした種子画分を得ることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 酵素処理しサンディングした種子画分を、超臨界抽出法または溶媒抽出法またはそれらの組合せを用いる抽出に供することを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- サンディングした種子画分を挽くことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法において得られた種皮画分を含む、化粧品、衛生用製品、栄養補助食品、食品、食品サプリメント、動物飼料、包装または医薬品。
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