JP6951949B2 - 摺動機構 - Google Patents
摺動機構 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6951949B2 JP6951949B2 JP2017221363A JP2017221363A JP6951949B2 JP 6951949 B2 JP6951949 B2 JP 6951949B2 JP 2017221363 A JP2017221363 A JP 2017221363A JP 2017221363 A JP2017221363 A JP 2017221363A JP 6951949 B2 JP6951949 B2 JP 6951949B2
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- cast iron
- sliding
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- mass
- iron material
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100069231 Caenorhabditis elegans gkow-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
質量%で、Cが2.6%、Crが2.6%、Siが4.4%、Cuが1.0%、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有し、母材がパーライト地よりなり、この母材中に、片状黒鉛及び晶出炭化物が分散された組織を有する鋳鉄材料を作製した。得られた鋳鉄材料について、潤滑油環境下において、往復摺動型の摩擦試験を行った。潤滑油には、いずれもMoDTCを添加した試験油を用い、実施例1−1〜1−6で種類を変えた。相手材は軸受鋼(SUJ2)とした。荷重は80N、周波数は10Hz、温度は80℃とし、30分試験し安定した時の摩擦係数を測定した。
質量%で、Cが3.2%、Crが2.5%、Siが4.9%、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有し、母材がパーライト地よりなり、この母材中に、球状黒鉛及び晶出炭化物が分散された組織を有する鋳鉄材料を作製した。得られた鋳鉄材料について、潤滑油環境下において、往復摺動型の摩擦試験を行った。潤滑油には、いずれもMoDTCを添加した試験油を用い、実施例2−1〜2−4で種類を変えた。相手材は軸受鋼(SUJ2)とした。荷重は80N、周波数は10Hz、温度は80℃とし、30分試験し安定した時の摩擦係数を測定した。
Cr量、Si量、Ni量、Cu量が異なり、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有する鋳鉄材料を作製した。得られた鋳鉄材料について、MoDTCを含む潤滑油環境下で摩擦試験を行った。摩擦試験はボールオンディスク型の試験を行い、相手材は軸受鋼(SUJ2)とした。荷重は10N、摺動速度は0.5m/s、温度は80℃であり、30分試験し安定した時の摩擦係数を測定した。
Cr量、Si量、Ni量、Cu量が異なり、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有する鋳鉄材料により、円弧断面を持つ試験片を作製した。得られた試験片についてMoDTCを含む潤滑油環境下で摩擦試験を行った。荷重は80N、周波数は10Hz、温度は80℃とし、30分摩擦試験し安定した時の摩擦係数を測定した。
Claims (4)
- 相互に摺動する摺動面を有する一対の摺動部材と、該対向する摺動面間に介在する潤滑油と、を備えた摺動機構であって、
前記摺動面の少なくとも一方は、組成として、炭素(C)を2.0〜6.5質量%と、クロム(Cr)を1.0〜3.5質量%と、ケイ素(Si)、銅(Cu)及びニッケル(Ni)からなる群のうちの少なくともSiとを含み、それらの含有量は、Siが2〜6.5質量%、Cuが0〜1.5質量%、Niが0〜1.5質量%であり、残部が鉄(Fe)及び不純物からなり、組織として、黒鉛を含む鋳鉄材料により構成され、
前記潤滑油は添加剤としてモリブデン(Mo)を含む
ことを特徴とする摺動機構。 - 前記鋳鉄材料は、ブリネル硬さがHB200〜HB380であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の摺動機構。
- 前記鋳鉄材料は、摺動により、表面に二硫化モリブデンを含む被膜が形成されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の摺動機構。
- エンジン部品及び駆動部品の摺動部に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1に記載の摺動機構。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017221363A JP6951949B2 (ja) | 2017-11-16 | 2017-11-16 | 摺動機構 |
GB1818448.1A GB2570039A (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-13 | Cast iron material |
CN201811352407.5A CN109825757B (zh) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-14 | 铸铁材料 |
DE102018128674.0A DE102018128674B4 (de) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-15 | Verwendung eines Gusseisenwerkstoffs |
US16/193,315 US20190144978A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Cast iron material |
FR1871555A FR3073528A1 (fr) | 2017-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Matériau de fonte |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017221363A JP6951949B2 (ja) | 2017-11-16 | 2017-11-16 | 摺動機構 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019090096A JP2019090096A (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
JP6951949B2 true JP6951949B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=64739340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017221363A Active JP6951949B2 (ja) | 2017-11-16 | 2017-11-16 | 摺動機構 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190144978A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6951949B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109825757B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102018128674B4 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR3073528A1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2570039A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7083295B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 | 2022-06-10 | トヨタ自動車東日本株式会社 | 摺動部材及びその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (24)
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GB564679A (en) * | 1942-08-07 | 1944-10-09 | Mond Nickel Co Ltd | Improvements relating to gray iron castings |
GB1102662A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1968-02-07 | Brico Eng | An improved ferrous material |
DE2109186A1 (de) * | 1971-02-26 | 1972-09-07 | Goetzewerke | Gleitend beanspruchtes Maschinen teil |
DE2428822A1 (de) * | 1974-06-14 | 1976-01-02 | Goetzewerke | Sphaerogusseisenlegierung mit erhoehter verschleissbestaendigkeit |
DE2428821C3 (de) * | 1974-06-14 | 1985-11-14 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Verschleißfeste Gußeisenlegierung mit lamellarer bis knötchenförmiger Graphitausscheidung |
DE2646276C3 (de) | 1976-10-14 | 1980-01-17 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Verfahren zur Herstellung von auf Verschleiß beanspruchten Maschinenteilen aus austenitischen Gußeisenlegierungen |
SU1084331A1 (ru) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-04-07 | Белорусский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт | Чугун |
DE3311185C2 (de) * | 1983-03-26 | 1986-11-06 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verwendung eines Pauling-Kessels aus unlegiertem, perlitischem Grauguß zum Konzentrieren von Schwefelsäure |
JPS60138050A (ja) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-07-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 潤滑性を有する耐腐食摩耗鋳鉄 |
JP3046626B2 (ja) * | 1991-01-22 | 2000-05-29 | 株式会社クボタ | 複合ロールの内層材 |
DE19720779C1 (de) * | 1997-05-17 | 1998-10-01 | Ae Goetze Gmbh | Kolbenring aus Gußeisen |
US6667281B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2003-12-23 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Grease composition |
DE10049598C2 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2003-07-17 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gußeisenwerkstoffes |
DE10309386B4 (de) | 2003-03-04 | 2005-02-24 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gusseisenwerkstoffes mit gezieltem Restkarbidanteil |
JP4557731B2 (ja) | 2005-01-31 | 2010-10-06 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | 耐食性と耐摩耗性に優れた鋳鉄 |
JP4890839B2 (ja) | 2005-11-22 | 2012-03-07 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 複層摺動部材および摺動部材の被覆層形成方法 |
EP2003375B1 (de) | 2007-06-12 | 2011-04-20 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Motorbauteil und Verwendung einer Gusseisenlegierung für ein Motorbauteil |
JP4849473B2 (ja) | 2007-06-26 | 2012-01-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐摩耗性高Cr鋳鉄およびその製造方法 |
CN103122432A (zh) | 2007-06-26 | 2013-05-29 | 国立大学法人岩手大学 | 片状石墨铸铁及其制造方法 |
JP2011252073A (ja) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 低摩擦摺動材料用潤滑油組成物、及びこれを用いた摺動機構 |
JP6147584B2 (ja) | 2012-08-30 | 2017-06-14 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | シリンダライナ |
CN103667861B (zh) * | 2012-08-30 | 2016-10-05 | 日本活塞环株式会社 | 气缸套 |
JP5875538B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-01 | 2016-03-02 | 株式会社リケン | 鋳鉄及びブレーキ部品 |
CN107699783B (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-01-24 | 王业双 | 一种含铬铜元素的铝钼耐高温球墨铸铁及其制备方法 |
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2017
- 2017-11-16 JP JP2017221363A patent/JP6951949B2/ja active Active
-
2018
- 2018-11-13 GB GB1818448.1A patent/GB2570039A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-14 CN CN201811352407.5A patent/CN109825757B/zh active Active
- 2018-11-15 DE DE102018128674.0A patent/DE102018128674B4/de active Active
- 2018-11-16 US US16/193,315 patent/US20190144978A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-16 FR FR1871555A patent/FR3073528A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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JP2019090096A (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
DE102018128674B4 (de) | 2022-02-03 |
DE102018128674A1 (de) | 2019-05-16 |
CN109825757A (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
GB201818448D0 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
US20190144978A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
CN109825757B (zh) | 2021-03-02 |
GB2570039A (en) | 2019-07-10 |
FR3073528A1 (fr) | 2019-05-17 |
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