JP6947796B2 - 難燃剤として改良された効能を有する調製物 - Google Patents
難燃剤として改良された効能を有する調製物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6947796B2 JP6947796B2 JP2019214222A JP2019214222A JP6947796B2 JP 6947796 B2 JP6947796 B2 JP 6947796B2 JP 2019214222 A JP2019214222 A JP 2019214222A JP 2019214222 A JP2019214222 A JP 2019214222A JP 6947796 B2 JP6947796 B2 JP 6947796B2
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- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKCQNWLQCXDVOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(C)(C)Cl)OC(C)(C)Cl XKCQNWLQCXDVOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Description
Mn:(実施例参照、たとえばゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーによって測定された)数平均モル質量(g/mol)、
ME:末端基のモル質量の合計(g/モル)、及び
MR:繰り返し単位のモル質量(g/mol)]。
i)式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)を含む混合物、
R1、R2、R3及びR4は、それぞれ互いに独立して、n−ブチル基又は2−メチルプロピル基を表し,
Aは、式−CHR5−CHR6−(O−CHR7−CHR8)a−の基を表し、
(式中、
aは、1〜5の整数を表し、そして
R5、R6、R7、及びR8は、互いに独立して、水素又はメチルを表す)
そして
nは、0〜100、好ましくは0〜50、特に好ましくは0〜30の整数を表す]
ただし、その混合物中に存在する式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)が、少なくとも繰り返し単位の数nにおいて互いに異なっており、そして
式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
並びに
ii)式(II)の少なくとも1種の環状ホスホン酸エステル、
R9、R10及びR11は、それぞれ互いに独立して、直鎖状又は分岐状のC1−アルキル基〜C4−アルキル基を表し、そして
mは、0又は1の数を表す]。
aの数が、1を表し、
R5、R6、R7、及びR8が、すべて同一であって、水素を表し、
そして
nが、0〜100、好ましくは0〜50、特に好ましくは0〜30の整数を表すが、
ただし、その混合物中に存在する式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)が、少なくとも繰り返し単位の数nにおいて互いに異なっており、そして
式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
aの数が、1を表し、
R1、R2、R3、及びR4が、すべて同一であって、n−ブチル基を表し、
R5、R6、R7、及びR8が、すべて同一であって、水素を表し、
そして
nが、0〜100、好ましくは0〜50、特に好ましくは0〜30の整数を表すが、
ただし、その調製物中に存在する式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)が、少なくとも繰り返し単位の数nにおいて互いに異なっており、そして
式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
aの数が、1を表し、
R1、R2、R3、及びR4が、すべて同一であって、2−メチルプロピル基を表し、
R5、R6、R7、及びR8が、すべて同一であって、水素を表し、
そして
nが、0〜100、好ましくは0〜50、特に好ましくは0〜30の整数を表すが、
ただし、その調製物中に存在する式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)が、少なくとも繰り返し単位の数nにおいて互いに異なっており、そして
式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
− 溶媒、たとえば脂肪族又は芳香族のジカルボン酸又はトリカルボン酸のアルキルエステル
− 抗酸化剤及び安定剤、たとえば立体障害トリアルキルフェノール、3−(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸のアルキルエステル、ベンゾフラン−2−オン、二級芳香族アミン、ホスファイト、フェノチアジン、又はトコフェロール、並びに
− 染料、たとえば可溶性有機染料、酸化鉄顔料、又はカーボンブラック。
1)脂肪族、脂環族、芳香脂肪族、芳香族及び複素環族ポリイソシアネート(たとえば、W.Siefken,Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,562,p.75〜136)、たとえば式Q(NCO)nのもの、ここで、n=2〜4、好ましくは2〜3であり、そしてQは、2〜18個、好ましくは6〜10個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素基、4〜15個、好ましくは5〜10個の炭素原子を有する脂環族炭化水素基、6〜15個、好ましくは6〜13個の炭素原子を有する芳香族炭化水素基、又は8〜15個、好ましくは8〜13個の炭素原子を有する芳香脂肪族炭化水素基である。特に好ましいのは、一般的には、2,4−及び/若しくは2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート並びに/又は4,4’−及び/若しくは2,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートから誘導される、工業的に容易に入手可能なポリイソシアネートである。
− 有機リン化合物、たとえば、トリエチルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェート、ジフェニルクレジルホスフェート、トリクレジルホスフェート、イソプロピル化若しくはブチル化アリールホスフェート、芳香族ビスホスフェート、ネオペンチルグリコールビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)、塩素含有ホスホリックエステルたとえば、トリス(クロロイソプロピル)ホスフェート又はトリス(ジクロロプロピル)ホスフェート、ジメチルメタンホスホネート、ジエチルエタンホスホネート、ジメチルプロパンホスホネート、ジエチルホスフィン酸誘導体及び塩、その他のオリゴマー性ホスフェート若しくはホスホネート、ヒドロキシル含有リン化合物、5,5−ジメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサホスホリナン2−オキシド誘導体、9,10−ジヒドロ−9−オキサ−10−ホスファフェナントレン10−オキシド(DOPO)、並びにそれらの誘導体、
− 無機リン化合物たとえば、アンモニウムホスフェート、アンモニウムポリホスフェート、メラミンホスフェート、メラミンポリホスフェート、
− 窒素化合物たとえば、メラミン、メラミンシアヌレート、
− 臭素化合物たとえば、テトラブロモ安息香酸のアルキルエステル、テトラブロモフタル酸無水物から製造された臭素含有ジオール、臭素含有ポリオール、臭素含有ジフェニルエーテル、又は
− 無機難燃剤、たとえば水酸化アルミニウム、ベーマイト、水酸化マグネシウム、発泡性グラファイト、若しくは粘土鉱物。
欧州特許出願公開第A3388479号明細書に従った、式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)を含む混合物のための一般的合成手順(合成例S1〜S5)
スターラー、滴下ロート、還流冷却器及び真空装置を備えた反応器に、表1に記載の量(重量部)のオキシ塩化リンを充填した。そのオキシ塩化リンを、10℃〜20℃になるように温度調節した。500〜700mbarの範囲の真空下で、表1に記載の量のジエチレングリコールを、滴下により添加した。滴下が完了したら、圧力をさらに低下させて最終圧力を5〜15mbarとし、温度を20℃〜30℃にまで上昇させた。事実上無色で、液状の残分が残った。
スターラー、滴下ロート、還流冷却器及び真空装置を備えた反応器に、表1に記載の量(重量部)のオキシ塩化リンを充填した。そのオキシ塩化リンを、10℃〜20℃の温度になるように温度調節した。500〜700mbarの範囲の真空下で、表1に記載の量のジエチレングリコールを、滴下により添加した。滴下が完了したら、圧力をさらに低下させて最終圧力を5〜15mbarとし、温度を20℃〜30℃にまで上昇させた。事実上無色で、液状の残分が残った。
ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)による分析で、合成例S1〜S6で製造された反応生成物が混合物であることを確認した。その混合物の数平均モル質量Mnは、DIN 55672−1:2007−08からの方法に従って、溶離液としてテトラヒドロフランを用い、ポリスチレン標準に対するGPCにより求めた。その混合物の中に存在している式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
Mn:DIN 55672−1:2007−08からの方法に従い、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより求めた数平均モル質量(g/mol)、
ME:末端基のモル質量の合計(g/モル)、及び
MR:繰り返し単位のモル質量(g/mol)]。
Fyrol(登録商標)PNX:ICL−IP Bitterfeld GmbHから市販されている製品の、式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)であって、R1〜R4がエチル基を表し、Aがエチレン基を表し、
前述の条件下のゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーからは、ダイマー(すなわち、n=1)の面積分率が2.4%、数平均モル質量Mnが640g/molを示し、ME=182.16g/mol及びMR=152.09g/molの値を考慮すると、重量平均繰り返し単位数
Amgard(登録商標)CU:Lanxess Deutschland GmbHから市販されている製品、m=0及びm=1、並びにR9、R10=メチル及びR11=エチルである、式(II)の環状ホスホン酸エステルの混合物。
表2に列記した成分を、所定の質量比で量り込み、窒素雰囲気下、25℃で、機械式スターラー、300rpmで撹拌した。
採用した原料物質及び製造した難燃性調製物の粘度は、市販の落球粘度計で23℃で測定し、表2に列記した。
混合物S1〜S5を製造するためのモル質量分布が、ダイマー(すなわち、式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)でn=1)の比率が27%〜66%であることを特徴としている。それとは対照的に、比較例の原料のFyrol PNXは、わずか2.4%のダイマーしか含まない。
軟質ポリエーテルポリウレタンフォームを製造するための原料物質とそれらの使用量を表3に示す。難燃剤の使用量を系統的に変化させた(下記参照)。ジイソシアネート(成分G)以外の原料物質を共に撹拌して、均質な混合物を得た。次いでジイソシアネートを添加し、その混合物を短時間、激しい撹拌にかけた。15〜20秒のクリームタイム及び170〜200秒のフルライズタイムの後に、33kg/m3のエンベロープ密度を有する軟質ポリエーテルポリウレタンフォームが得られた。すべての実験において、均質で微細なセルのフォームが得られた。
軟質ポリウレタンフォーム(ポリエーテル及びポリエステル)は、Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FMVSS−302の規格に従って試験をし、その燃焼等級に従って、SE(自己消火性)、SE/NBR(自己消火性/燃焼速度なし)、SE/BR(自己消火性/燃焼速度あり)、BR(燃焼速度あり)、及びRB(急速燃焼)に分類した。それぞれの配合物について、燃焼試験を5回実施した。
軟質ポリウレタンフォーム(ポリエーテル及びポリエステル)について、試験方法VDA 278の規格に従って、揮発性成分の放出についての試験をした。VOCクラスの放散性を求めるためには、フォーム試験片を90℃で30分間熱処理する。FOGクラスの放散性を求めるためには、同じフォーム試験片を、120℃でさらに60分間熱処理する必要がある。それらの結果を表4に列記する。それぞれの場合において、表4に示した難燃剤の量を含むフォーム試験片について分析した。
軟質ポリウレタンフォームのフォギング挙動は、DIN 75201Bに従って分析した。100℃で16時間貯蔵した後でのフォギング凝縮物の量の測定値を表4に示す。それぞれの場合において、表4に示した難燃剤の量を含むフォーム試験片について分析した。
欧州特許出願公開第A3388479号明細書による混合物S4単独(比較例V4)では、ポリエーテルフォームにおいては、最低の効能を示すが、放散及びフォギング値は低い。欧州特許出願公開第A2 687 534号明細書から公知の混合物S6(比較例V6)は、より高い効能を示すが、より低い使用量でもVDA−278試験での、顕著に高い放散性の原因となる。本発明の難燃性調製物B4は単独で、その中に示した混合物S4単独よりは良好な効能を示し、そして、低い放散性及びより少ないフォギング凝縮物を示し、そのため最善の性能プロファイルを示す。
軟質ポリエステルポリウレタンフォームを製造するための原料物質とそれらの使用量を表5に示す。難燃剤の使用量を系統的に変化させた(上記参照)。2種のジイソシアネート(成分G及びH)以外の原料物質を共に撹拌して、均質な混合物を得た。次いで、プレミックスした2種のジイソシアネートを添加し、その混合物を短時間、激しい撹拌にかけた。10〜15秒のクリームタイム及び70〜80秒のフルライズタイムの後に、29kg/m3のエンベロープ密度を有する軟質ポリエステルポリウレタンフォームが得られた。軟質ポリエステルポリウレタンフォームのフォーム構造は、使用した難燃剤に依存していた。表6の中で、前記構造を、「均質な微細セル(uniformly fine−celled)」(「uf」)、又は「不均質な粗いセル(nonuniformly coarse−celled)」(「nc」)として報告している。難燃剤を含まない比較例のフォームは、均質な微細セルフォーム構造を有していて、急速に燃焼した(燃焼等級RB)。
比較例V7及びV9は、Fyrol(登録商標)PNXをベースとする難燃剤が難燃性ポリエステルポリウレタンフォームの製造には適していないことを示している。製造されたフォームは、不均質で粗いセルのフォーム構造を有していて、使用することができなかった。
Claims (23)
- ハロゲンフリーの調製物であって、
i)式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)を含む混合物、
R1、R2、R3及びR4は、それぞれ互いに独立して、n−ブチル基又は2−メチルプロピル基を表し、
Aは、式−CHR5−CHR6−(O−CHR7−CHR8)a−の基を表し、
(式中、
aは、1〜5の整数を表し、
R5、R6、R7、及びR8は、互いに独立して、水素又はメチルを表す)、
nは、0〜100の整数を表す]
ただし、前記混合物中に存在する式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)が、少なくとも繰り返し単位の数nにおいて互いに異なっており、
式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)の重量平均繰り返し単位数
ii)式(II)の少なくとも1種の環状ホスホン酸エステル、
R9、R10及びR11は、それぞれ互いに独立して、直鎖状又は分岐状のC1−アルキル基〜C4−アルキル基を表し、
mは、0又は1の数を表す]
を含むことを特徴とする調製物。 - aが、1の数を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の調製物。
- R5、R6、R7、及びR8が、すべて同一であって、水素を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の調製物。
- R1、R2、R3、及びR4が、すべて同一であって、n−ブチル基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- R1、R2、R3、及びR4が、すべて同一であって、2−メチルプロピル基を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- モル質量分布における、式(I)でn=1であるダイマー性ホスホリックエステルの面積分率が、溶離液としてテトラヒドロフランを用い、ポリスチレン標準に対するゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで測定して、10〜70面積パーセントであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- R9、R10、及びR11が、相互に独立して、メチル又はエチルを表すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- R9及びR10の両方が、メチルを表し、R11がエチルを表すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- m=0である式(II)の少なくとも1種の環状ホスホン酸エステルと、m=1である式(II)の少なくとも1種の環状ホスホン酸エステルとを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- 全調製物を基準にして、60〜99.9重量%の、式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)を含む混合物と、0.1〜40重量%の、少なくとも1種の式(II)の環状ホスホン酸エステルとを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- 全調製物を基準にして、70〜99重量%の、式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)を含む混合物と、1〜30重量%の、少なくとも1種の式(II)の環状ホスホン酸エステルとを含むことを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の調製物。
- 23℃で20〜1000mPa・sの動的粘度を有する液体が関与することを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- 溶媒、抗酸化剤、安定剤、及び染料の群から選択される1種又は複数の助剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- 式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)と前記式(II)の少なくとも1種の環状ホスホン酸エステルを含む前記混合物だけではなく、前記式(I)のポリ(アルキレンホスフェート)及び前記式(II)の環状ホスホン酸エステルとは異なる1種又は複数の難燃剤、並びに場合によっては1種又は複数の助剤も含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の調製物。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の調製物の、難燃剤としての使用。
- 前記調製物が、ポリウレタンのための難燃剤として用いられることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の使用。
- 前記ポリウレタンが、フォームであることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の調製物を含むポリウレタン。
- ポリウレタンフォームであることを特徴とする、請求項19に記載のポリウレタン。
- ポリエーテルポリオール又はポリエステルポリオールから製造される軟質ポリウレタンフォームであることを特徴とする、請求項19に記載のポリウレタンフォーム。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の存在下、並びに慣用される発泡剤、安定剤、活性剤及び/又はさらなる慣用される助剤及び添加剤物質の存在下で、20℃〜80℃で、有機ポリイソシアネートを、少なくとも2個のイソシアネート反応性の水素原子を有する化合物と反応させることを特徴とする、請求項19に記載のポリウレタンを製造するための方法。
- 家具クッション、織物のインサート、マットレス、車両シート、アームレスト、部品、シート若しくはダッシュボードトリム、ルーフライナー、ケーブル外装、シール、コーティング、ペイント、接着剤、接着促進剤、又は繊維における、請求項19に記載のポリウレタンの使用。
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2018
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2019
- 2019-11-21 US US16/690,552 patent/US11390711B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-25 SI SI201930110T patent/SI3660065T1/sl unknown
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- 2019-11-25 EP EP19211299.3A patent/EP3660065B1/de active Active
- 2019-11-25 DK DK19211299.3T patent/DK3660065T3/da active
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AU2019271961A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
SI3660065T1 (sl) | 2021-11-30 |
JP2020084191A (ja) | 2020-06-04 |
EP3660065B1 (de) | 2021-08-04 |
KR102690708B1 (ko) | 2024-08-02 |
BR102019024997B1 (pt) | 2024-02-15 |
BR102019024997A2 (pt) | 2020-06-09 |
DK3660065T3 (da) | 2021-10-25 |
AU2019271961B2 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
EP3660065A1 (de) | 2020-06-03 |
PL3660065T3 (pl) | 2021-12-20 |
US11390711B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
US20200165382A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
EP3660064A1 (de) | 2020-06-03 |
CA3062693A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
PT3660065T (pt) | 2021-10-14 |
KR20200063990A (ko) | 2020-06-05 |
CN111234509A (zh) | 2020-06-05 |
ES2893770T3 (es) | 2022-02-10 |
CN111234509B (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
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