JP6901414B2 - 二次電池システムおよびそれを備えた車両ならびにバッテリの制御方法 - Google Patents
二次電池システムおよびそれを備えた車両ならびにバッテリの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6901414B2 JP6901414B2 JP2018007384A JP2018007384A JP6901414B2 JP 6901414 B2 JP6901414 B2 JP 6901414B2 JP 2018007384 A JP2018007384 A JP 2018007384A JP 2018007384 A JP2018007384 A JP 2018007384A JP 6901414 B2 JP6901414 B2 JP 6901414B2
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Description
<外部充電システムの構成>
図1は、本実施の形態に係る車両の外部充電システムの全体構成を概略的に示すブロック図である。外部充電システム10は、車両1および充電スタンド2を備える。図1に示すように、車両1と充電スタンド2とは、充電ケーブル3を経由して電気的に接続可能に構成されている。
以上のように構成された外部充電システム10では、バッテリ150としてリチウムイオン二次電池の組電池が採用されている。この場合、バッテリ150の充電態様によっては、リチウムイオン二次電池の負極表面にリチウム金属が析出することによってバッテリ150の発熱または性能低下を招くおそれがあることが知られている。そのため、本実施の形態では、以下に説明するように、リチウム金属の析出を抑制するための「リチウム析出抑制制御」が実行される。リチウム析出抑制制御については、たとえば特許文献3に詳細に説明されているが、以下に概略を説明する。
図2では、車両1の回生制動によりバッテリ150が充電される状況を例にリチウム析出制御を説明した。続いて、外部充電時におけるリチウム析出抑制制御について説明する。前述のように、バッテリ150の温度TBが極低温である場合には、バッテリ150を昇温させるための昇温システム154が駆動される。以下では、極低温環境下での外部充電を想定し、昇温システム154が駆動されるものとする。
図4は、本実施の形態における外部充電中のリチウム析出抑制制御を説明するためのタイムチャートである。図4を参照して、本実施の形態では、バッテリ150の電流IBについて、第1の閾値TH1と、基準値REFと、第2の閾値TH2とが定められている。
図5は、本実施の形態における外部充電中のリチウム析出抑制制御を示すフローチャートである。このフローチャートに含まれる各ステップ(以下「S」と略す)は、基本的にはECU100によるソフトウェア処理によって実現されるが、ECU100内に作製された専用のハードウェア(電気回路)によって実現されてもよい。
Claims (4)
- 二次電池システムであって、
リチウムイオン二次電池であるバッテリと、
前記二次電池システムの外部から供給される電力による前記バッテリの充電時に、前記バッテリの負極への金属リチウムの析出を抑制するリチウム析出抑制制御を実行する制御装置とを備え、
前記リチウム析出抑制制御は、
前記負極に前記金属リチウムが析出しない最大電流である許容電流を、前記バッテリの充電に伴い前記許容電流が減少する一方で前記バッテリの放電に伴い前記許容電流が増加するように算出し、
前記許容電流に放電方向のオフセット電流を加えた目標電流を算出し、
前記バッテリへの充電電流を前記目標電流に近付けるフィードバック制御における操作量として前記バッテリへの許容充電電力を算出し、
前記バッテリへの充電電力の大きさが前記許容充電電力の大きさを上回らないように前記バッテリの充電を制御する制御であり、
前記制御装置は、前記リチウム析出抑制制御の実行時に前記バッテリの温度が所定温度を下回る場合には、前記バッテリの充放電を繰り返すことにより前記バッテリの温度を上昇させる昇温制御をさらに実行し、
前記昇温制御は、前記目標電流の大きさが0よりも大きな第1の閾値を下回ったときには、前記フィードバック制御に代えて前記許容充電電力を0に制限することで前記バッテリの充電を禁止するとともに前記バッテリを放電させ、前記許容電流の大きさが前記第1の閾値よりも大きな第2の閾値を上回ると、前記許容充電電力の制限を解除することで前記バッテリの充電を再開させる制御である、二次電池システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記バッテリのSOCと前記バッテリの温度と前記オフセット電流との対応関係を参照することによって、前記バッテリのSOCおよび温度から前記オフセット電流を算出する、請求項1に記載の二次電池システム。
- 請求項1または2に記載の二次電池システムと、
前記バッテリの充電電力を受けるインレットとを備える、車両。 - リチウムイオン二次電池であるバッテリの制御方法であって、
外部から供給される電力による前記バッテリの充電時に、前記バッテリの負極への金属リチウムの析出を抑制するリチウム析出抑制制御を実行するステップを備え、
前記リチウム析出抑制制御を実行するステップは、
前記金属リチウムが前記負極に析出しない最大電流を示す許容電流を、前記バッテリの充電に伴い減少する一方で前記バッテリの放電に伴い増加するように算出するステップと、
前記許容電流に放電方向のオフセット電流を加えた目標電流を算出するステップと、
前記バッテリへの充電電流を前記目標電流に近付けるフィードバック制御における操作量として前記バッテリの許容充電電力を算出するステップとを含み、
前記バッテリの充電は、前記バッテリへの充電電力の大きさが前記許容充電電力の大きさを上回らないように制御され、
前記バッテリの制御方法は、前記リチウム析出抑制制御の実行時に前記バッテリの温度が所定温度を下回る場合には、前記バッテリの充放電を繰り返すことにより前記バッテリの温度を上昇させる昇温制御を実行するステップをさらに備え、
前記昇温制御は、前記目標電流の大きさが0よりも大きな第1の閾値を下回ったときには、前記フィードバック制御に代えて前記許容充電電力を0に制限することで前記バッテリの充電を禁止するとともに前記バッテリを放電させ、前記許容電流の大きさが第2の閾値を上回ると、前記許容充電電力の制限を解除することで前記バッテリの充電を再開させる制御である、バッテリの制御方法。
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