JP6889108B2 - 有機光電変換素子、その製造方法並びにそれを備える太陽電池モジュール及びセンサー - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子、その製造方法並びにそれを備える太陽電池モジュール及びセンサー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6889108B2 JP6889108B2 JP2017527401A JP2017527401A JP6889108B2 JP 6889108 B2 JP6889108 B2 JP 6889108B2 JP 2017527401 A JP2017527401 A JP 2017527401A JP 2017527401 A JP2017527401 A JP 2017527401A JP 6889108 B2 JP6889108 B2 JP 6889108B2
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- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrioctylammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochlorocyclohexane Chemical compound ClC1CCCCC1 UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZHDORMMHAKXTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzoylbenzamide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHDORMMHAKXTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIDQCFHFXWPAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-formylformamide Chemical group O=CNC=O AIDQCFHFXWPAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006611 nonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004894 pentylamino group Chemical group C(CCCC)N* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical group CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005554 pyridyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AIWZOHBYSFSQGV-LNKPDPKZSA-M sodium;(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O AIWZOHBYSFSQGV-LNKPDPKZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WWGXHTXOZKVJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na+].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S WWGXHTXOZKVJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical group O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005297 thienyloxy group Chemical group S1C(=CC=C1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
電極の少なくとも一方が、金属ナノワイヤーと、該金属ナノワイヤーが形成するネットワークの空隙の少なくとも一部に配置された光導電性金属酸化物粒子と、を含み、
活性層が、P型半導体材料とN型半導体材料とを含み、
P型半導体材料が、下記式(I)で表される構成単位を有する化合物を含有する、有機光電変換素子。
本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、一対の電極(第1の電極及び第2の電極)を有し、そのうち少なくとも一方は、金属ナノワイヤー及び光導電性金属酸化物粒子を含む。以下、第1の電極が、金属ナノワイヤー及び光導電性金属酸化物粒子を含む電極であるとして、本発明の一実施形態を説明する。
活性層は、P型半導体材料及びN型半導体材料を含む層であり、P型半導体材料として、式(I)で表される構成単位を有する化合物を含む。
本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、一方の電極(好ましくは陰極)と活性層との間に電子輸送層を有していてよい。
本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、一方の電極(好ましくは陽極)と活性層との間に正孔輸送層を有していてよい。
本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、第1の電極と、第1の電極に相対する第2の電極と、第1の電極及び第2の電極の間に設けられた活性層を有していてよい。また、本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、第1の電極及び第2の電極のいずれか一方の電極と活性層との間に、電子輸送層を有していてよく、他方の電極と活性層との間に、正孔輸送層を有していてよい。
本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子は、太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。本実施形態に係る有機光電変換素子を複数集積することにより、太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
(高分子化合物Aの合成)
式(I)で表される構成単位を有する高分子化合物として、国際公開第2013/051676号の実施例1に記載された方法で、下記の構成単位を含む高分子化合物Aを合成した。
高分子化合物Aと、フラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61−butyric acid methyl ester)とをトリメチルベンゼン/プロピオフェノンの混合溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク1を調製した。インク1において、高分子化合物Aの含有量に対するC60PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、2.5であった。また、インク1中、高分子化合物A及びC60PCBMの合計含有量は、インク1の全量基準で3.5質量%であった。
太陽電池の陰極として機能するITO薄膜が形成されたガラス基板を用意した。ITO薄膜はスパッタ法によって形成されたものであり、その厚みは150nmであった。このガラス基板をオゾンUV処理し、ITO薄膜の表面処理を行った。次に、PEIE水溶液(Polyethyleneimine ethoxylated)をスピンコートによりITO膜上に塗布し、大気中120℃で10分間加熱することにより、膜厚5nm以下の電子輸送層を形成した。この電子輸送層上に、合成例1で得たインク1をスピンコートにより塗布し、活性層(膜厚約120nm)を形成した。
(高分子化合物Bの合成)
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した2L四つ口フラスコに、下記化合物(a)を7.928g(16.72mmol)、下記化合物(b)を13.00g(17.60mmol)、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド(商品名Aliquat336(登録商標)、アルドリッチ社製、CH3N[(CH2)7CH3]3Cl、density 0.884グラム/ml、25℃)を4.979g、及びトルエンを405ml入れ、撹拌しながら反応系内を30分間アルゴンバブリングした。
高分子化合物Bと、フラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61−butyric acid methyl ester)とをテトラリン溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク2を調製した。インク2において、高分子化合物Bの含有量に対するC60PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、3.0であった。また、インク2中、高分子化合物B及びC60PCBMの合計含有量は、インク2の全量基準で4.0質量%であった。
インク1の代わりにインク2を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
(インク3の調製)
高分子化合物A及びフラーレンC70PCBM(フェニルC71−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C71−butyric acid methyl ester)をオルトジクロロベンゼン溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク3を調製した。インク3において、高分子化合物Aの含有量に対するC70PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、2.5であった。また、インク3中、高分子化合物A及びC70PCBMの合計含有量は、インク3の全量基準で3.5質量%であった。
インク1の代わりにインク3を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
(インク4の調製)
下記式で表される高分子化合物Cと、フラーレンC70PCBM(フェニルC71−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C71−butyric acid methyl ester)とをオルトジクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク4を調製した。インク4において、高分子化合物Cの含有量に対するC70PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、1.5であった。また、インク4中、高分子化合物C及びC70PCBMの合計含有量は、インク4の全量基準で2.5質量%であった。
インク1の代わりにインク4を用い、酸化亜鉛ナノ粒子に代えてアルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製した。
(インク5の調製)
P3HT(ポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン))(Poly(3−hexylthiophene)、)と、フラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61−butyric acid methyl ester)とをオルトジクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク5を調製した。インク5において、P3HTの含有量に対するC70PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、1.0であった。また、インク5中、P3HT及びC70PCBMの合計含有量は、インク5の全量基準で2.0質量%であった。
インク1の代わりにインク5を用い、酸化亜鉛ナノ粒子に代えてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
(インク6の調製)
下記式で表される高分子化合物Dと、フラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61−酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61−butyric acid methyl ester)とをオルトジクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒に溶解し、50℃で12時間攪拌し、インク6を調製した。インク6において、高分子化合物Dの含有量に対するC60PCBMの含有量の比(質量比)は、2.0であった。また、インク6中、高分子化合物D及びC60PCBMの合計含有量は、インク6の全量基準で3.0質量%であった。
インク1の代わりにインク6を用い、酸化亜鉛ナノ粒子に代えてアルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛粒子を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
(有機光電変換素子の作製、評価)
太陽電池の陰極として機能するITO薄膜が形成されたガラス基板を用意した。ITO薄膜はスパッタ法によって形成されたものであり、その厚みは150nmであった。このガラス基板をオゾンUV処理し、ITO薄膜の表面処理を行った。次に、PEIE水溶液(Polyethyleneimine ethoxylated)をスピンコートによりITO膜上に塗布し、大気中120℃で10分間加熱することにより、膜厚5nm以下の電子輸送層を形成した。この電子輸送層上に、実施例1で作成したインク1をスピンコートにより塗布し、活性層(膜厚約120nm)を形成した。
Claims (9)
- 第1の電極と第2の電極と活性層とを有する有機光電変換素子であって、
前記第1の電極が、金属ナノワイヤーと、該金属ナノワイヤーが形成するネットワークの空隙の少なくとも一部に配置された光導電性金属酸化物粒子と、を含み、
前記第2の電極が、インジウムスズオキサイドを含み、
前記活性層が、P型半導体材料とN型半導体材料とを含み、
前記P型半導体材料が、下記式(I)で表される構成単位を有する化合物を含有する、有機光電変換素子。
[式(I)中、Ar1およびAr2はそれぞれ独立に3価の芳香環基を示し、Zは式(Z−1)、(Z−2)、(Z−3)、(Z−4)、(Z−5)、(Z−6)又は(Z−7)で表される2価の基を示し、Rは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、シアノ基又は1価の有機基を示し、式(Z−1)、(Z−2)、(Z−4)、(Z−5)、(Z−6)及び(Z−7)における2つのRは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。] - 前記第1の電極が陽極であり、前記2の電極が陰極である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記金属ナノワイヤーが、銀ナノワイヤー、金ナノワイヤー及び銅ワイヤーからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記N型半導体材料がフラーレン誘導体を含有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子を備える、太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子を備える、センサー。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法であって、
前記金属ナノワイヤーを含む導電層上に、前記光導電性金属酸化物粒子を含む分散液を塗布して、前記第1の電極を形成する工程を含み、
前記工程は、前記第2の電極及び前記活性層を有する積層体の、前記第2の電極と相対する面上に、前記第1の電極を形成する工程である、製造方法。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法であって、
前記金属ナノワイヤー及び前記光導電性金属酸化物粒子を含む分散液からなる塗膜を乾燥させて、前記第1の電極を形成する工程を含み、
前記工程は、前記第2の電極及び前記活性層を有する積層体の、前記第2の電極と相対する面上に、前記第1の電極を形成する工程である、製造方法。
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