JP6870023B2 - 電解液及び電気化学装置 - Google Patents
電解液及び電気化学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6870023B2 JP6870023B2 JP2019070308A JP2019070308A JP6870023B2 JP 6870023 B2 JP6870023 B2 JP 6870023B2 JP 2019070308 A JP2019070308 A JP 2019070308A JP 2019070308 A JP2019070308 A JP 2019070308A JP 6870023 B2 JP6870023 B2 JP 6870023B2
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 101
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000339 iron disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNVXPFBEZCSHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+2] GNVXPFBEZCSHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005921 isopentoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005687 symmetric chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011366 tin-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願の第1の態様の電解液において、添加剤Aは、式I−1、式I−2、式I−3で示される化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上である。式I−1、式I−2、式I−3において、R1、R2、R3、R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアルキル基、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアルコキシ基、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアミン基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12のアルケニル基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12のアルキニル基、置換又は無置換のC6〜C26のアリール基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12の複素環基から選択され、ここで、置換基(「置換又は無置換」における置換が発生された場合を示す)は、ハロゲン原子、ニトリル基、C1〜C6のアルキル基、C2〜C6のアルケニル基、C1〜C6のアルコキシ基中から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であり、x、y、zはそれぞれ独立に、0〜8から選択される整数であり、m、n、kはそれぞれ独立に、0〜2から選択される整数である。R1、R2、R3、R4において、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基は、鎖状構造又は環状構造であってもよく、鎖状構造はまた直鎖型構造と分岐型構造とに分けられ、ハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であってもよく、ハロゲン原子がフッ素原子であることが好ましい。
本発明の第1の態様に係る電解液において、上記電解液は、硫酸エステル、亜硫酸エステル、又はスルホン酸エステル化合物から選ばれる1種類又は2種類以上の添加剤Cをさらに含んでもよく、上記スルホン酸エステル化合物は、スルトン化合物やジスルホン酸エステル化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上である。
本願の実施例の電解液に用いられる有機溶媒としては、環状炭酸エステル及び鎖状炭酸エステルを含むことにより、高温高圧下のサイクル性能及び貯蔵性能を更に向上させ、添加剤A及び添加剤Bがより良い成膜効果に達するのに有利である。
本願で用いる電解質塩として、下記のリチウム塩が好適に挙げられる。
25℃で、リチウムイオン二次電池を先ず1Cの定電流で4.35Vの電圧まで充電し、更に4.35Vの定電圧で0.05Cの電流まで充電した後、1Cの定電流で3.0Vの電圧まで放電し、これが一つの充放電サイクル過程であり、今回の放電容量は初回サイクルの放電容量である。リチウムイオン二次電池を上記方法で200サイクルの充電/放電テストを行って、200サイクル目の放電容量を検出した。
45℃で、リチウムイオン二次電池を先ず1Cの定電流で4.35Vの電圧まで充電し、更に4.35Vの定電圧で0.05Cの電流まで充電した後、1Cの定電流で3.0Vの電圧まで放電し、これが一つの充放電サイクル過程であり、今回の放電容量は初回サイクルの放電容量である。リチウムイオン二次電池を上記方法で200サイクルの充電/放電テストを行って、200サイクル目の放電容量を検出した。
25℃で、リチウムイオン二次電池を0.5Cの定電流で4.35Vの電圧まで充電した後、4.35Vの定電圧で0.05Cの電流まで充電し、この時測定されたリチウムイオン二次電池の厚さをh0とし、その後、リチウムイオン二次電池を85℃のインキュベーターに入れ、24h貯蔵後に取り出し、その時のリチウムイオン二次電池の厚さを測定してh1とする。
Claims (14)
- リチウムイオン二次電池用の電解液であって、
添加剤A及び添加剤Bが含有され、
前記添加剤Aは、式I−1、式I−2、式I−3で示される化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であり、式I−1、式I−2、式I−3において、R1、R2、R3、R4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアルキル基、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアルコキシ基、置換又は無置換のC1〜C12のアミン基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12のアルケニル基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12のアルキニル基、置換又は無置換のC6〜C26のアリール基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C12の複素環基から選択され、ここで、置換基は、ハロゲン原子、ニトリル基、C1〜C6のアルキル基、C2〜C6のアルケニル基、C1〜C6のアルコキシ基から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であり、x、y、zはそれぞれ独立に、0〜8から選択される整数であり、m、n、kはそれぞれ独立に、0〜2から選択される整数であり、
前記電解液中の前記添加剤Bの含有量が0.1〜10質量%である、
ことを特徴とする、電解液。 - 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Aの含有量は、0.01〜6質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Aの含有量は、0.1〜3.5質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の電解液。
- リチウムイオン二次電池用の電解液であって、
添加剤A及び添加剤Bが含有され、
前記添加剤Bは、式IIで示されるスルホンイミドリチウム塩から選択され、式IIにおいて、RFがCp1F2p1+1、F(CF2CF2O)q1CF2CF2のうちのいずれかであり、RfがCp2F2p2+1、F(CF2CF2O)q2CF2CF2のうちの1種類であり、p1、p2はそれぞれ独立に、0〜8の整数から選択され、q1、q2はそれぞれ独立に、1〜6の整数から選択され、
前記電解液中の前記添加剤Bの含有量が0.1〜10質量%であり、
前記添加剤Aは、以下の化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であることを特徴とする、電解液。
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Bの含有量は、0.5〜6質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Bの含有量は、1〜4質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液は、硫酸エステル化合物、亜硫酸エステル化合物、又はスルホン酸エステル化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上の添加剤Cをさらに含んでおり、前記スルホン酸エステル化合物は、スルトン化合物及びジスルホン酸エステル化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 硫酸エステル化合物は環状硫酸エステル化合物であり、環状硫酸エステル化合物は式III−1で示される化合物から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であり、式III−1において、R31は置換又は無置換のC1〜C6のアルキレン基、置換又は無置換のC2〜C6のアルケニレン基から選択され、ここで、置換基はハロゲン原子、C1〜C3のアルキル基、C2〜C4のアルケニル基から選択される1種類又は2種類以上であり、
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Cの含有量は、0.1〜10質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項9又は10に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Cの含有量は、0.5〜6質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項9乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液中の前記添加剤Cの含有量は、1〜4質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項9乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 正極シートと、負極シートと、前記正極シートと負極シートとの間に介在されたセパレータと、電解液と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記電解液は、請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の電解液であることを特徴とする、リチウムイオン二次電池。
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