JP6857183B2 - 黒色フィルム - Google Patents
黒色フィルム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6857183B2 JP6857183B2 JP2018523944A JP2018523944A JP6857183B2 JP 6857183 B2 JP6857183 B2 JP 6857183B2 JP 2018523944 A JP2018523944 A JP 2018523944A JP 2018523944 A JP2018523944 A JP 2018523944A JP 6857183 B2 JP6857183 B2 JP 6857183B2
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- black
- film
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- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
Description
金型に挿入して真空成形し不要部分をトリミング後、射出成形金型に装填してABS樹脂等を射出成形によりバックアップ成形して加飾成形体を作成する方法が知られている(特許文献1、2)。
即ち本発明は、以下の態様を含んでなる。
C×T≧210 (式1)
[3];熱可塑性樹脂(A)および/または透明熱可塑性樹脂(B)がメタクリル樹脂である、[1]または[2]に記載の黒色フィルム。
[4];前記メタクリル樹脂が、炭素数6〜12のアクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構造単位を有するアクリル系共重合体(A2)を含有し、該炭素数6〜12のアクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構造単位の含有量が、前記メタクリル樹脂に対し2.5〜25.0質量%である、[3]に記載の黒色フィルム。
[5];ポリマーフィルターを介して押出成形する、[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の黒色フィルムの製造方法。
[6];[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の黒色フィルムを、基材の表面に積層してなる加飾成形体。
C×T≧210 (式1)
本発明の黒色フィルムは熱可塑性樹脂(A)からなる。熱可塑性樹脂(A)としては、メタクリル樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂等が例示できる。耐候性および表面硬度が優れている観点から、メタクリル樹脂が好ましい。また、耐衝撃性が優れている観点から、ポリカーボネート樹脂、スチレン系樹脂又はこれらの混合物が好ましい。
メタクリル樹脂は、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を含む重合体である。メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位の含有量は、好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは70質量%以上、さらにより好ましくは80質量%以上、さらにより好ましくは90質量%以上、最も好ましくは95質量%以上である。
熱可塑性樹脂(A)として用いることのできるポリカーボネート樹脂は、多官能ヒドロキシ化合物と炭酸エステル形成性化合物との反応によって得られる重合体である。多官能ヒドロキシ化合物としては、置換基を有していてもよい4,4’−ジヒドロキシビフェニル類;置換基を有していてもよいビス(ヒドロキシフェニル)アルカン類;などが挙げられる。これらの多官能ヒドロキシ化合物の中でも、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンが好ましい。炭酸エステル形成性化合物としては、ホスゲンなどの各種ジハロゲン化カルボニルや、クロロホーメートなどのハロホーメート、ビスアリールカーボネートなどの炭酸エステル化合物が挙げられる。この炭酸エステル形成性化合物の量は、反応の化学量論比(当量)を考慮して適宜調整すればよい。
本発明の黒色フィルムは、熱可塑性樹脂(A)からなる。熱可塑性樹脂(A)は、黒色以外の2種以上の染料を含む。すなわち、黒色以外の染料(C1)と黒色以外の染料(C2)とを少なくとも含む。該少なくとも2種の染料は、あわせて可視光線全域を吸収し、深みと清澄感のある黒色が発現するように選択する。具体的には、可視光領域(380〜780nm)における最大吸収波長が、380〜670nm、670〜780nmの範囲にある染料をそれぞれ選択することで、L*a*b*表色系測定において、L*(明度)が10以下、a*の絶対値が2.0以下、b*の絶対値が2.0以下であるような黒色を発現することが可能である。より好ましくは、可視光領域(380〜780nm)における最大吸収波長が、500〜670nm、670〜780nmの範囲にある染料をそれぞれ選択することで、緑味の黒色を発現することができ、高級感を出すことができる。また、3種類以上の染料を用いることで、より容易に可視光線全域を吸収することができ、深みと清澄感のある黒色を発現することができる。具体的には、可視光領域(380〜780nm)における最大吸収波長が、380〜600nm、600〜670nm、670〜780nmの範囲にある染料をそれぞれ選択することで、黒色を発現することが可能である。なお、染料の最大吸収波長は、染料10mg/Lのジクロロメタン溶液を分光光度計で測定することにより決定できる。
なお、黒色フィルムが白味かがった色相となったり、ブツ欠点を有したりするのを防ぐ観点から、熱可塑性樹脂(A)は、特に顔料の含有量が2質量%以下であることが好ましく、顔料を含まないことがより好ましい。
本発明の黒色フィルムにおける厚みTは、45〜550μmである。厚みが45μmより小さいと、延伸成形後に、透けて見え、加飾用途に用いた場合に、同一加飾成形体中での色調差が発生しやすいと共に、深みのある色調表現が困難となる。厚みが550μmより大きいと、フィルム全体の厚さが増すことでハンドリング性、切断性・打抜き性などに問題が生じる場合がある。また、フィルム全体の厚さが増すことでインサート成形、真空成形を行う際にも加飾成形体端部におけるフィルムの追従性が低下する恐れがある。上記の理由より、黒色フィルムの厚みの下限は50μmがより好ましく、100μmがさらに好ましく、厚みの上限は450μm以下がより好ましく、400μm以下がさらに好ましい。
C×T≧210 (式1)
ここでCは熱可塑性樹脂(A)における黒色以外の染料の合計濃度〔質量%〕であり、Tは黒色フィルムにおける厚み〔μm〕である。(式1)を満たすことで、黒色フィルムは、ガラス転移温度より20℃高い温度で一軸方向に2倍延伸した後の全光線透過率が3.0%以下、好ましくは2.0%以下とすることができ、延伸成形後でも黒色フィルムの透けが発生せず、かつ深みと清澄感のある漆黒性に優れる。そのため、好適には、高い延伸倍率での成形が可能なため、特に深絞り成形などに好適である。また、加飾成形体に用いられた場合に、同一加飾成形体中での色調差が発生せず、かつ深みと清澄感のある漆黒性に優れる。(式1)の左辺であるC×Tの値は210以上であり、好ましくは220〜1000、より好ましくは230〜850、さらに好ましくは240〜700である。
本発明の黒色フィルムは、黒色層と透明熱可塑性樹脂(B)からなる表面保護層とを有するフィルム(以下、積層フィルムと称することがある)とすることができる。表面保護層としては、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で公知の透明熱可塑性樹脂(B)を用いることができる。表面保護層を有することで、積層フィルムは耐擦傷性に優れる。
タメチル−4−ピペリジニル)セバケート、メチル(1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチル−4−ピペリジニル)セバケート、2,4−ビス[N−ブチル−N−(1−シクロヘキシルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−4−イル)アミノ]−6−(2−ヒドロキシエチルアミン)−1,3,5−トリアジン)などが好ましく挙げられる。
本発明の黒色フィルムは、黒色層と粘着性樹脂層とを有する積層体とすることができる。粘着性樹脂層とは、真空成形を行う際に後述する基材と接する層であり、黒色層と基材
の接着性を良好に保つ役割を担う。本発明において粘着性樹脂層とは、粘接着樹脂および/または粘着樹脂を含んでなるものである。
本発明の黒色フィルムは、黒色層とバインダー層とを有する積層体とすることができる。バインダー層とは、インサート成形を行う際に射出される樹脂(以下、単に「射出樹脂」と表記する)と接する層であり、黒色層と射出樹脂との間に存在し、接着性を良好に保つ役割を担う。本発明においてバインダー層とは、バインダー樹脂からなるものである。
バインダー樹脂は、60質量%以上が射出樹脂と互いに共通の単量体に由来する構造単位により構成されていることが好ましい。バインダー樹脂と射出樹脂との共通の単量体に由来する構造単位は、それぞれの樹脂において70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、80質量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、90質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。
積層フィルムの総厚さは、45〜550μmである。積層フィルムは、表面保護層側から測定したJIS Z 8781−4に準拠するL*a*b*表色系測定において、L*(明度)が10以下、a*の絶対値が2.0以下、b*の絶対値が2.0以下である。積層フィルムは、その構成する各々の層に含まれる熱可塑性樹脂のうちガラス転移温度が高いものに対して、20℃高い温度で一軸方向に2倍延伸した後の全光線透過率が3.0%以下であり、2.0%以下であることが好ましい。
本発明の黒色フィルムは、プレス成形、押出成形、射出成形等、趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で公知の製造方法を用いることができる。好適な例として押出成形が挙げられる。特に、積層フィルムを押出成形する際は共押出成形により製造することができる。共押出成形を行うことにより、生産性を高めつつ、優れた層間接着性が得られる。
本発明における基材は、本発明の黒色フィルムの被着体である。基材は、真空成形またはインサート成形により本発明の黒色フィルムが貼合可能なものであればよい。例えば、基材は、各種素材の平板や曲面板等の板材、立体形状物品、およびシート(あるいはフィルム)等である。各種素材としては、木材単板、木材合板、パーティクルボード、MDF(中密度繊維板)等の木質繊維板、鉄やアルミニウム等の金属素材、ガラス、陶磁器等のセラミックス、石膏等の非セメント窯業系素材、ALC(軽量気泡コンクリート)板等の非陶磁器窯業系素材、アクリル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合樹脂(ABS樹脂)、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、セルロース系樹脂およびゴム等の樹脂素材が挙げられる。
本発明の一態様によれば、加飾成形体は、基材の表面の少なくとも一部が真空成形により、本発明の黒色フィルムで被覆された立体成形体である。具体的に、図1に、本発明による加飾成形体の一例の模式断面図を示す。図1に示される加飾成形体10は、基材4上に粘着性樹脂層3が形成されてなり、粘着性樹脂層3上に黒色層1が形成されてなり、黒色層1上に表面保護層2が形成されてなるものである。
本発明の加飾成形体は、真空成形により黒色フィルムが粘着性樹脂層を介して基材の表面に貼合される工程、またはインサート成形により黒色フィルムがバインダー層を介して射出樹脂の表面に接着される工程により得られる。
各製造例で得られた樹脂を、JIS K7121に準拠して、示差走査熱量測定装置を用いて、230℃まで10℃/分で1回目の昇温をし、次いで室温(25度)まで冷却し、その後、室温から230℃までを10℃/分で2回目の昇温をさせる条件にてDSC曲線を測定した。2回目の昇温時に測定されるDSC曲線から求められる中間点ガラス転移温度を本発明におけるガラス転移温度とした。
装置:TA Instruments社製 示差走査熱量計(Q20)
染料10mg/Lのジクロロメタン溶液を調製し、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計を用いて、透過測定を行った。可視光領域(380〜780nm)における最も吸光度の大きい波長を、その染料の最大吸収波長とした。
装置:島津製作所社製 紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(UV−3600)
各実施例で得られた黒色フィルム(以下、単に「フィルム」と称することがある)を、50mm×50mmに切り出し、100mm×100mm×厚み3mmのアクリル板に両面テープを用いて固定し、試験片とした。分光光度計にフィルム側、特に表面保護層がある場合は表面保護層側が測定面になるようにセットし、JIS Z8722に準拠し、A光源、視野角度2°、反射モード(拡散反射)にて測定した。その後L*a*b*表色系(JIS Z 8781−4)にてL*、a*、b*の値を求めた。L*、a*、b*の各値が小さいほど暗い色調となり、漆黒性が増すこととなる。
装置:島津製作所製 分光光度計(UV−3600)
各実施例で得られたフィルムを50mm×150mmに切り出し、試験片とした。オートグラフに試験片をセットし、フィルムを構成する各々の層に含まれる熱可塑性樹脂のうちのガラス転移温度の高いものに対し、20℃高い温度雰囲気にて、5kNロードセル、チャック間距離110mm、引張速度300mm/minで、チャック間距離が220mmになるまで引っ張り、一軸方向へ2倍延伸した試験片を作製した。
装置:島津製作所製 オートグラフ(AG−5kN)
上記の方法により得た、一軸方向へ2倍延伸した試験片の厚みを測定した。延伸後の厚みが延伸前の1/2となった箇所に対し、分光光度計に、表面保護層がある場合は表面保護層側が測定面になるようにセットし、JIS Z8722に準拠し、A光源、視野角度2°、反射モード(拡散反射)にて測定した。
各実施例で得られたフィルムに対し、表面保護層がある場合は黒色層側に、乾燥後の厚さが60μmとなるように後述のアクリル系粘着剤Tを塗布して乾燥させた。その後、80℃、10分間真空乾燥機で処理することで、粘着性樹脂層付きのフィルムを得た。
粘着性樹脂層付きの積層フィルムを300mm×210mmに切り出し、試験片とした。真空圧空成形機に、試験片の粘着性樹脂層側が基材(80mm×120mm×高さ25mmの直方体状で、上面(80mm×120mmの面のうちの一つ)の角が丸みを帯びているもの)の上面と成形後に接するようにセットした。なお、基材はABS/ポリカーボネートアロイからなるものを用いた。遠赤外線ヒーターを用い、試験片の表面温度が130℃になったところで、試験片と成形体を密着させ、TOM成形を行うことで、加飾成形体を得た。
装置:布施真空社製 真空圧空成形機NGF
上記の方法により作製した加飾成形体と、粘着性樹脂層を塗工せずに延伸前のフィルムを隣に置き、室内の蛍光灯条件下で漆黒性の差を目視観察し、以下の基準で評価した。なお、加飾成形体はフィルム側を観察した。表面保護層がある場合は、表面保護層側から目視観察を行うこととなる。Aの基準であれば、高い延伸倍率で加工された際にも黒色フィルムの透けが発生せず、かつ深みと清澄感のある漆黒性に優れる。
A:加飾成形体中での色調差が発生しなかった(延伸前の黒色フィルムと同等の深みと清澄感があった)
B:加飾成形体中での色調差が発生した(延伸前の黒色フィルムと同等の深みと清澄感がなかった)
メタクリル樹脂(X−1):アクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を6.0質量%有し、粘度平均重合度が1550であるメタクリル酸メチル重合体。
メタクリル樹脂(X−2):アクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を2.5質量%有し、粘度平均重合度が1170であるメタクリル酸メチル重合体。
最内層(y−1)、中間層(y−2)、および最外層(y−3)からなる3層構造をもつ多層構造ゴム粒子であり、電子顕微鏡で観察した粒子径は0.23μmである。最内層(y−1)は、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を93.84質量部、アクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を5.96質量部、架橋性単量体であるメタクリル酸アリルに由来する構造単位を0.20質量部含む。層(y−1)の質量は、層(y−1)、層(y−2)および層(y−3)の合計100質量部に対して、34.73質量部である。中間層(y−2)は、アクリル酸ブチルに由来する構造単位を80.61質量部、スチレンに由来する構造単位を17.43質量部、架橋性単量体であるメタクリル酸アリルに由来する構造単位を1.96質量部含む。層(y−2)の質量は、層(y−1)、層(y−2)および層(y−3)の合計100質量部に対して、45.46質量部である。最外層(y−3)は、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を94.00質量部、アクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位を6.00質量部含む。層(y−3)の質量は、層(y−1)、層(y−2)および層(y−3)の合計100質量部に対して、19.81質量部である。
メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位のみからなる重合体ブロック[z1]−アクリル酸ブチルに由来する構造単位74.4質量%とアクリル酸ベンジルに由来する構造単位25.6質量%からなる共重合体ブロック[z2]からなり、重量平均分子量が90,000であり、重合体ブロックの質量比[z1]:[z2]が1:1であるジブロック共重合体。
Solvent Green 28(ランクセス社製) 最大吸収波長:685nm
Solvent Green 3(ランクセス社製) 最大吸収波長:643nm
Solvent Violet 36(ランクセス社製) 最大吸収波長:555nm
<カーボンブラック>
三菱カーボンブラック#1000(三菱化学社製)
<ポリカーボネート樹脂>
ポリカーボネート樹脂(住化スタイロンポリカーボネート社製「300シリーズ」)
<ABS樹脂>
ABS樹脂(日本エイアンドエル社製「サンタック」)
以下の材料を溶融混練し、黒色アクリル樹脂である有機染料入り樹脂(P−1)を得た。
メタクリル樹脂(X−1) :70.64質量%
多層構造ゴム粒子(Y) :27.66質量%
Solvent Green 28 :0.50質量%
Solvent Green 3 :0.90質量%
Solvent Violet 36 :0.30質量%
有機染料入り樹脂(P−1)において、炭素数6〜12のアクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構造単位の含有量は10.14質量%である。
表1に従って、原料及び配合量を変えた以外は、製造例1と同様にして黒色アクリル樹脂である有機染料入り樹脂(P−2)〜(P−8)、(P−11)、黒色ポリカーボネート樹脂である有機染料入り樹脂(P−9)、黒色ABS樹脂である有機染料入り樹脂(P−10)を得た。
以下の材料を溶融混練し、透明アクリル樹脂(Q)を得た。
メタクリル樹脂(X−2) :79.20質量%
ブロック共重合体(Z) :19.80質量%
TINUVIN479(豊通ケミプラス社製) :1.0質量%
以下の材料を溶融混練し、透明アクリル樹脂(R)を得た。
メタクリル樹脂(X−1) :71.14質量%
多層構造ゴム粒子(Y) :27.86質量%
TINUVIN479(豊通ケミプラス社製) :1.0質量%
以下の材料を溶融混練し、透明アクリル樹脂(S)を得た。
ポリフッ化ビニリデン(ARKEMA社製 「Kynar」) :69.30質量%
メタクリル樹脂(X−1) :29.70質量%
TINUVIN479(豊通ケミプラス社製) :1.0質量%
ブチルアクリレート65質量部、メチルアクリレート30質量部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート5質量部を窒素雰囲気の反応容器(温度コントローラー、攪拌機、還流器付)に投入し、酢酸エチル200質量部とアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1質量部を加えた。この混合物を75℃にて10時間重合反応させることにより、ポリマーT1を得た。得られたポリマーT1の重量平均分子量(Mw)をGPCで測定したところ、80万であった。
次にメタクリル酸メチル90質量部、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル10質量部を窒素雰囲気の反応容器に投入し、酢酸エチル200質量部とアゾビスイソブチロニトリル2質量部として加えた。この混合物を75℃にて10時間重合させることにより、ポリマーT2を得た。ポリマーT1と同様に分子量(Mw)を測定した。ポリマーT2の重量平均分子量(Mw)は1万であった。
得られたポリマーT1とポリマーT2と架橋剤(三菱瓦斯化学社製、テトラドX)とビストリフルオロメタンスルホンイミドを乾燥重量比で46:40:2:2となるように配合してアクリル系粘着剤Tを得た。アクリル系粘着剤Tの分子量分布は18であった。
製造例1で得た有機染料入り樹脂(P−1)を用い、50mmΦベント式の単軸押出機を用いて吐出量20kg/hrにて押出し、ポリマーフィルター(ろ過精度:20μm)でろ過を行い、幅300mmのマニホールドダイを用いて温度240℃にて吐出し、90℃と95℃の金属鏡面ロールでニップして8.1m/minの速度にて引取り、厚さ150μmの単層の黒色フィルムを製膜した。
〔漆黒性〕の項に従い、製膜により得られた黒色フィルムのL*、a*、b*の値を求めた。また、〔一軸方向への2倍延伸〕の項に従い、製膜により得られた黒色フィルムを一軸方向への2倍延伸し、その後〔全光線透過率〕の項に従い、延伸後の黒色フィルムの全光線透過率を測定した。また、製膜により得られた黒色フィルム上に〔粘着性樹脂層の塗工〕の項に従い、粘着性樹脂層を形成し、次いで〔加飾成形体の作製〕の項に従い、加飾成形体を作製し、〔加飾成形体における透けの確認〕の項に従い、目視で加飾成形体の色調を観察した。結果を表2に示す。
表2に示す有機染料入り樹脂を用い、製膜する際の引き取り速度を変更して表2に示す厚さにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして黒色フィルムを製膜した。次いで、実施例1と同様にして各評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
表面保護層となる透明熱可塑性樹脂として製造例11のアクリル系樹脂(Q)を用い、30mmΦベント式の単軸押出機を用いて吐出量5kg/hrにて押出し、同時に黒色層として製造例1の有機染料入り樹脂(P−1)を用い、50mmΦベント式の単軸押出機を用いて15kg/hrにて押出した。
そして、それぞれを幅300mmのマルチマニホールドダイを用いて積層させて温度240℃にて押出し、90℃と95℃の金属鏡面ロールでニップして6.2m/minの速度にて引取ることにより、表面保護層の厚さ50μm、黒色層の厚さ150μmで、総厚さ200μmの2層の黒色フィルム(積層フィルム)を製膜した。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして各評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
表面保護層を構成する透明熱可塑性樹脂と黒色層を構成する有機染料入り樹脂を表2に示すように変更した以外は、実施例8と同様にして、積層フィルムを製膜した。次いで、実施例8と同様にして各評価を行った。
表3に示す有機染料入り樹脂を用い、製膜する際の引き取り速度を変更して表3に示す厚さにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして黒色フィルムを製膜した。次いで、実施例1と同様にして各評価を行った。
表面保護層を構成する透明熱可塑性樹脂と黒色層を構成する有機染料入り樹脂を表3に示すように変更し、製膜する際の引き取り速度を変更して表3に示す厚さにした以外は、実施例8と同様にして積層フィルムを製膜した。次いで、実施例8と同様にして各評価を行った。
2 表面保護層
3 粘着性樹脂層
4 基材
5 バインダー層
6 射出樹脂からなる層(基材)
10 加飾成形体
Claims (6)
- 黒色以外の2種以上の染料を含有する熱可塑性樹脂(A)からなる黒色フィルムであって、厚みTが45〜550μmであり、黒色以外の染料の合計濃度Cが熱可塑性樹脂(A)に対して0.4〜5質量%であり、染料の合計濃度Cおよび厚みTが以下の(式1)を満たし、JIS Z 8781−4に準拠するL*a*b*表色系測定において、L*(明度)が10以下、a*の絶対値が2.0以下、b*の絶対値が2.0以下であり、ガラス転移温度より20℃高い温度で一軸方向に2倍延伸した後の全光線透過率が3.0%以下である黒色フィルム。
C×T≧210 (式1) - さらに透明熱可塑性樹脂(B)からなる表面保護層を有し、総厚みが45〜550μmである、請求項1に記載の黒色フィルム。
- 熱可塑性樹脂(A)および/または透明熱可塑性樹脂(B)がメタクリル樹脂である、請求項1または2に記載の黒色フィルム。
- 前記メタクリル樹脂が、炭素数6〜12のアクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構造単位を有するアクリル系共重合体(A2)を含有し、該炭素数6〜12のアクリル酸アルキルエステルに由来する構造単位の含有量が、前記メタクリル樹脂に対し2.5〜25.0質量%である、請求項3に記載の黒色フィルム。
- ポリマーフィルターを介して押出成形する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の黒色フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の黒色フィルムを、基材の表面に積層してなる加飾成形体。
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