JP6830443B2 - 流体検査用カセット - Google Patents
流体検査用カセット Download PDFInfo
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- JP6830443B2 JP6830443B2 JP2017555345A JP2017555345A JP6830443B2 JP 6830443 B2 JP6830443 B2 JP 6830443B2 JP 2017555345 A JP2017555345 A JP 2017555345A JP 2017555345 A JP2017555345 A JP 2017555345A JP 6830443 B2 JP6830443 B2 JP 6830443B2
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Description
本出願は、その明細書および特許請求の範囲が参照により本明細書に組み込まれるところの、2015年4月24日に出願された「Fluidic Test Cassette」と題された米国仮特許出願第62/152724号および2016年4月14日に出願された「Fluidic Test Casette」と題された米国仮特許出願第62/322738号の優先権および出願の利益を主張する。
本発明の実施形態は、核酸を検出および同定するための統合装置および関連する方法に関する。装置は、完全に使い捨てであっても、使い捨て部分と再使用可能な部分を含んでもよい。
検出チャンバ230の実施形態は、好ましくは、増幅チャンバ内で生成される増幅された標的核酸の特異的標識を提供する。図2Aに示されるように、検出チャンバ230は、好ましくは、毛管プールまたは空間93および検出ストリップ235を含む。染料ポリスチレンミクロスフェア、ラテックス、コロイド金、コロイドセルロース、ナノ金、または半導体ナノ結晶を含む検出粒子は、好ましくは毛管プール93中に存在する。前記検出粒子は、標的分析物に相補的なオリゴヌクレオチドを含むことができる、またはビオチン、ストレプトアビジン、ハプテンもしくは標的増幅核酸上に存在するハプテンなどの標識に対する抗体などの、増幅された標的核酸に結合することができるリガンドを含むことができる。検出チャンバ230は、乾燥され、凍結乾燥され、または多糖、洗剤、タンパク質もしくは当業者に公知の他の化合物などの担体中の検出粒子の乾燥混合物として内部表面の少なくとも一部上に存在して検出粒子の再懸濁を促進する検出粒子を含有してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、側方流検出ストリップが検出粒子を含むことができる。他の実施形態では、検出チャンバmyに通じる試薬凹部チャネル135が検出粒子を含むことができる。検出チャンバは、加熱および/または冷却することができる。
流体部品の実施形態は、好ましくは、プラスチック、例えばアクリル、ポリカーボネート、PETG、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレンおよび/または他の同様の材料を含む。これらの材料は容易に入手可能であり、標準的な方法で製造することができる。流体部品は、チャンバとチャネルの両方を含む。流体チャンバは、壁、2つの面を含み、入口、出口、凹部またはベントなどの1つまたは複数のチャネルに接続する。チャネルは、2つの流体チャンバまたは流体チャンバと凹部を接続することができ、壁および2つの面を含む。流体チャンバ設計は、好ましくは加熱および冷却を容易にするために表面積対体積比を最大化する。チャンバの内部体積は、好ましくは約1μL〜約200μLである。溶液と接触するチャンバ面の領域は、好ましくは加熱中に均一な流体温度を保証するために発熱体がインターフェース接続される領域と一致する。流体チャンバの形状は、発熱体とかみ合うように、ならびに溶液の進入および放出のための好ましい幾何学を提供するように選択され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、装置作動中に現れる気泡のための空間を提供するために、チャンバの体積が流体体積よりも大きくてもよい。流体チャンバは、流体が毛管作用によってチャネル上に侵入しないことを保証するため、または通気機構を遮断するために、ベントチャネルに通じる拡大した膨張を有することができる。
上記のように、いくつかの追加の部品は、好ましくは、最終結合の前に本発明の流体部品内に組み込まれる。緩衝液、塩、dNTP、NTP、オリゴヌクレオチドプライマーおよび酵素(DNAポリメラーゼおよび逆転写酵素など)含む試薬を、装置組み立て前に、ペレット、球またはケークに凍結乾燥またはフリーズドライすることができる。試薬の凍結乾燥は当技術分野で周知であり、印加された真空下での昇華による凍結試薬アリコートの脱水を含む。凍結前に試薬に糖(二糖および多糖)およびポリアルコールなどの凍結乾燥保護剤(lyoprotectant)の特異的配合物を添加することによって、酵素の活性を保護し、再水和の速度を増加させることができる。凍結乾燥試薬ペレット、球またはケークは、標準的な方法によって製造され、いったん形成されると、合理的に耐久性があり、最終面を積層する前に流体部品の特定のチャンバ内に容易に配置することができる。より好ましくは、流体部品を裏打ち材料と結合する前に、凹部を流体ネットワークに組み込んで、凍結乾燥試薬のペレット、球またはケークを流体部品に入れることを可能にする。流体ネットワークの幾何学ならびに凹部の位置および順序を選択することによって、試料が所望の時間に所望の凍結乾燥試薬と反応して性能を最適化することができる。例えば、凍結乾燥(または乾燥)逆転写(RT)および増幅試薬球をRT反応チャンバおよび増幅チャンバの流路内の2つの別個の凹部に堆積させることによって、増幅酵素の干渉なしに最適な逆転写反応が可能になる。さらに、後の増幅反応に対するRT酵素の干渉を最小限に抑えるために、RT反応で提示されるRT反応後のRT酵素を、増幅試薬への導入前に熱失活させて、増幅への干渉を最小限に抑えることができるだろう。場合により、他の塩、界面活性剤および他の増強化学物質を異なる凹部に添加して、アッセイの性能を調節することができるだろう。さらに、これらの凹部は、凍結乾燥試薬が凹部を通過する際に凍結乾燥試薬が液体と混じり合うのを促進し、超音波溶接中に凍結乾燥材料を超音波エネルギーから隔離し、可溶化前の検査の加熱ステップ中に凍結乾燥試薬を極高低温から隔離するのにも役立つ。さらに、凹部は、凍結乾燥されたペレットが製造中に圧縮も粉砕もされないことを保証し、ペレットが多孔質のままになり再水和時間を最小化にすることを可能にする。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、乾燥または凍結乾燥試薬のための追加の反応チャンバおよび/または追加の凹部を組み込むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、このような設計が、逆転写および増幅の前に最初の別個の溶解反応を提供することが望ましい検査を容易にする。図37A、図37Bおよび図38に示されるように、カセット5000は、膨張チャンバ5021を密封するカバー5020、好ましくは流体部品5023と密接に接触して配置されるフレキシブルヒータ回路5022、およびユーザからの回路網を隠す後部カバー5024を含む。核酸を含有する試料を、試料ポート5001を通して試料カップ5002に導入する。試料は凹部5003に自由に流入し、ここでチャネル5005を下って第1の反応チャンバ5006に流入する前に、好ましくは溶解試薬を含む第1の凍結乾燥ビーズ5004を再構成する。この自由流は、試料カップ5002の頂部と接続するベントチャネル5007によって促進される。ベントチャネル5007は、空孔5008を介して膨張チャンバ5021とさらに接続することができる。第1の反応チャンバ5006の下の密封された空気空間は、流体流によってわずかに加圧され、流れを第1の反応チャンバ5006の直下で停止させる。次いで、第1の反応チャンバ5006を、好ましくは、溶解試薬との適切な反応を促進する温度に加熱して、試料中の生物学的粒子および/または細胞を溶解し、その中に存在する核酸を露出させる。
流体部品の設計は、場合により反応チャンバ内または反応チャンバの出口において流れ制御特徴を含むことができる。これらの特徴は、流れが出口に進入する前に、チャンバに入る流れを出口の反対側のチャンバの側に偏向させる。結果として、流れはより遅い速度で出口チャネルに入り、流体流が停止する前にチャネルに流下する距離を減少させる。さらに、流路の水平部品は、チャンバ間の垂直間隔を付加することなくチャネルに長さを加え、流路の有効長を増加させるので、低下した流速に基づいて所望の位置で流れを停止させるのに十分である。これにより、要求される垂直チャネルが少なくて済むので、カセットのチャンバ間の垂直間隔をより狭くすることができる。さらに、反応チャンバを横切る流れの方向転換は、チャンバ内の流れに旋回作用を生じさせ、試薬と試料流体との混合を改善する。流れ制御特徴は、任意の形状を含むことができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、入力流体試料を、装置を通る2つ以上の平行な流体経路に分割することを可能にする流体設計を使用することによって、複数の独立したアッセイを並列に実施することができる。図10は、例えば80μLの流体体積を、2つの連続したステップで最初に2つの別々の40μL容積に、その後4つの20μL容積に分割する略図である。例示されるスキームは、生化学反応などの独立した別個の操作を分割体積に対して行うことを可能にするのに有用である。このような構成は、多重化された核酸の逆転写および/または増幅反応で核酸配列などの複数の標的の多重検出を容易にすることによって、単一の装置で検出することができる分析物の数を増やすのに有用である。同様に、独立した流体経路の末端での複数の検出ストリップの使用は、複数の標的の検出または核酸分析物における配列差異もしくは突然変異の識別のためのストリップの読みやすさを高めることができる。さらに、複数の増幅反応産物の独立した照合のための追加の検出ストリップを提供することで、検査の検出ステップ中のクロスハイブリダイゼーションなどの偽交差反応の可能性を低減することによって特異性を増強することができる。図11は、単一の検査カセット内に2つの流体経路を含む検査カセットを示す。各流体経路は、タイミング、反応の種類等に関して独立して制御することができる。ここで図12を参照すると、試料カップ1000に導入された試料が、ほぼ等しい容積に分割され、体積分割チャンバ1001および1002に流入し、その中への流れはベントバルブ1003および1004によって調節される。分割チャンバ1001および1002は、各チャンバ内の試料の量を受動的に平衡化することによって、各検査経路内の試料の体積を制御する。体積分割後、溶液は、ベント1005および1006の開放によって試薬凹部1007および1008を通って流れることが可能となる。凍結乾燥試薬などの試薬は、凹部1007、1008内に配置され、試料が凹部を通って好ましくは温度制御されたチャンバ1009および1010の第1のセットに流入するとき、試料と混じり合う。熱溶解、逆転写および/または核酸増幅などの反応は、試薬凹部1007、1008内に提供される試薬によって促進される加熱チャンバの第1のセットのそれぞれで行われる。このような試薬には、それだけに限らないが、凍結乾燥陽性対照薬剤(例えば、核酸、ウイルス、細菌細胞等)、凍結乾燥逆転写酵素およびRNAからDNAへの逆転写に必要な関連する付属試薬(ヌクレオチド、緩衝液、DTT、塩等)、ならびに/あるいは凍結乾燥DNAポリメラーゼまたは熱安定性凍結乾燥DNAポリメラーゼを使用したDNA増幅および必要な付属試薬(ヌクレオチド、緩衝液および塩など)が含まれる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、試料調製システムをカセットに組み込むことが望ましい場合がある。核酸精製システムなどの試料調製システムは、試料調製および精製分子(精製DNA、RNAまたはタンパク質など)の検査カセットへの溶出を達成するためのカプセル化溶液を含むことができる。図13は、検査カセットと統合するように設計された核酸試料調製サブシステム1300を示す。試料調製サブシステムは、サブシステムの部品を収容するための主ハウジング1302およびハウジング蓋1301を含む。溶液区画化部品1303は、好ましくは上面で開いているが下側シール1305によって下で密封されている粗試料リザーバ1312を含む。溶液区画化部品1303はまた、好ましくは、第1の洗浄緩衝液を含有するリザーバ1314と、第2の洗浄緩衝液を含有するリザーバ1315とを含み、これらの両方が好ましくは、上側シール1304および下側シール1305によって密封される。核酸結合マトリックス1306は、吸収材料1307および1308によって提供される溶液毛管流路内に配置される。核酸結合特性およびウィッキング特性を示すガラス繊維またはシリカゲルが、結合マトリックス1306としての使用に適した材料の例である。十分な毛管現象およびサブシステムによって精製される分子との最小結合を提供する限り、ポリエステル、ガラス繊維、ニトロセルロース、ポリスルホン、セルロース、綿またはこれらの組み合わせならびに他のウィッキング材料を含む広範囲の吸収材料が吸収材料1307および1308を構成し得る。溶液区画化部品1303に密封され、カプセル化溶液と化学的に適合し得る任意の容易に破裂するまたは壊れやすい材料が、シール材1304および1305としての使用に適している。シール材1305は、試料または試料溶解液と接触し、さらに、試料または試料溶解液と化学的に適合しなければならない。適切なシール材の例は、ヒートシール性金属フィルムおよびプラスチックフィルムである。シール材1305は、シール1305がハウジング1302内に存在する構造1311によって穿孔されるように、溶液区画化部品1303の変位によって使用時に破裂させる。粗試料またはカオトロピック剤で構成される緩衝液などの溶解緩衝液と混合された粗試料が、使用時に、蓋1301の試料ポート1309を介して試料リザーバ1312に導入される。いくつかの実施形態では、リザーバ1312の上部オリフィスを覆うようにシール1304を伸長することによって、溶解緩衝液を場合によりリザーバ1312内にカプセル化することができる。このような実施形態では、粗試料がリザーバ1312内に含有される溶解緩衝液と混じり合うまたは混合することができるように、リザーバ1312を覆うシール1304の領域を部分的に除去して、粗試料のリザーバ1312への添加を可能にするタブまたは他の手段を含むことが望ましいだろう。試料溶液または試料材料を含有する溶解液は、試料添加ポート1309に導入され、試料調製プロセスの開始まで緩衝液リザーバ1303の試料リザーバ1312に保持される。
いくつかの実施形態では、ヒータ、センサおよび他の電子機器が、これらがインターフェース接続しなければならない使い捨て検査カセットの上にある要素と電子機器の好ましい熱インターフェースおよび正確な整合を確立することができる手段によって使い捨て検査カセットにインターフェース接続されるように、電子部品を再使用可能な部品に配置することが望ましい。他の実施形態では、温度制御のために再使用可能な部品と使い捨て部品の組み合わせを使用することが望ましい。例えば、スタンドオフ温度モニタリングは、最使用可能なドッキングユニットに配置された赤外線センサによって達成され得るが、温度制御および流体制御のための抵抗発熱体は、使い捨て検査カセットに組み込まれたフレキシブル回路に配置される。
再使用可能なドッキングユニットは、検査カセット機能を達成するために必要な電子部品を含む。種々のドッキングユニット実施形態が、検査カセット設計における対応するバリエーションとインターフェース接続するように発明されている。一実施形態では、図18および図19に示されるドッキングユニットが、検査を実行するために必要な全ての電子部品を含み、検査カセット内の電子部品の必要性を排除する。ここで図18を参照すると、試料を添加する前に、カセット2500をドッキングユニット2501に挿入する。ドッキングユニット2501は、検査プロトコルおよび検査状態などの情報をユーザに伝達するためのLCDディスプレイ2502などのディスプレイを含む。カセットをドッキングユニット2501に挿入した後、試料をカセット2500の試料ポート20に導入し、ドッキングユニット蓋2503を閉じて検査を開始する。挿入された検査カセットを有するドッキングユニットを図19に示し、蓋が閉位置にあるドッキングユニット2501を図18Bに例示する。
インフルエンザAおよびB検査カセットをドッキングユニットに入れた。試料溶液40μLを試料ポートに添加した。試料溶液は、5000TCID50/mLに等しい濃度の精製A/プエルトリコインフルエンザRNA、500TCID50/mLに等しい濃度の精製B/ブリスベンインフルエンザRNA、または分子等級水(鋳型対照なし試料)のいずれかを含んでいた。試料ポートに入ると、試料40μLが試験カセットの第1のチャンバに流れる際に凍結乾燥ビーズと混じり合う。凍結乾燥ビーズは、陽性内部対照としてのMS2ファージウイルス粒子およびDTTから構成されていた。カセットの第1のチャンバで、試料を1分間90℃に加熱してウイルス溶解を促進し、次いで、第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開く前に50℃に冷却した。第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開くことにより、第2のチャンバ内の空気の膨張チャンバへの移動を可能にすることによって、試料が第2のチャンバに流れることが可能になる。試料が第2のチャンバに移動する際、これが、第1のチャンバと第2のチャンバとの間の流路の凹部中に凍結乾燥ペレットとして存在するところの、インフルエンザA、インフルエンザBおよびMS2ファージに対するオリゴヌクレオチド増幅プライマー、ならびに、逆転写および核酸増幅の試薬および酵素と混じり合った。
インフルエンザAおよびB検査カセットをドッキングユニットに入れた。試料溶液40μLを試料ポートに添加した。試料溶液は、5000TCID50/mLに等しい濃度のA/プエルトリコインフルエンザウイルス、500TCID50/mLに等しい濃度のB/ブリスベンインフルエンザウイルス、または分子等級水(鋳型対照なし試料)のいずれかを含んでいた。試料ポートに入ると、試料40μLが検査カセットの第1のチャンバに流れる際に凍結乾燥ビーズと混じり合う。凍結乾燥ビーズは、陽性内部対照としてのMS2ファージウイルス粒子およびDTTから構成されていた。カセットの第1のチャンバで、試料を1分間90℃に加熱してウイルス溶解を促進し、次いで、第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開く前に50℃に冷却した。第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開くことにより、第2のチャンバ内の空気の膨張チャンバへの移動を可能にすることによって、試料が第2のチャンバに流れることが可能になる。試料が第2のチャンバに移動する際、これが、第1のチャンバと第2のチャンバとの間の流路の凹部中に凍結乾燥ペレットとして存在するところの、インフルエンザA、インフルエンザBおよびMS2ファージに対するオリゴヌクレオチド増幅プライマー、ならびに、逆転写および核酸増幅の試薬および酵素と混じり合った。
ヒト対象から収集した鼻腔拭い試料を、0.025%Triton X−100、10mM Tris、pH 8.3溶液3mLに入れ、FDAに承認されたリアルタイムRT−PCR試験を用いてインフルエンザAおよびインフルエンザBの存在について検査した。この検査に使用する前に、試料がインフルエンザAおよびインフルエンザBについて陰性であることを確認した。確認されたインフルエンザ陰性鼻腔試料に5000TCID50/mLに等しい濃度のA/プエルトリコインフルエンザウイルスをスパイクした、または確認されたインフルエンザ陰性鼻腔試料を陰性対照としてウイルスの添加なしに使用した。得られたスパイクまたは陰性対照試料40μLを、インフルエンザAおよびB検査カセットの試料ポートに添加した。試料ポートに入ると、試料40μLが検査カセットの第1のチャンバに流れる際に凍結乾燥ビーズと混じり合う。凍結乾燥ビーズは、陽性内部対照としてのMS2ファージウイルス粒子およびDTTから構成されていた。カセットの第1のチャンバで、試料を1分間90℃に加熱してウイルス溶解を促進し、次いで、第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開く前に50℃に冷却した。第2のチャンバに接続されたベントを開くことにより、第2のチャンバ内の空気の膨張チャンバへの移動を可能にすることによって、試料が第2のチャンバに流れることが可能になる。試料が第2のチャンバに移動する際、これが、第1のチャンバと第2のチャンバとの間の流路の凹部中に凍結乾燥ペレットとして存在するところの、インフルエンザA、インフルエンザBおよびMS2ファージに対するオリゴヌクレオチド増幅プライマー、ならびに、逆転写および核酸増幅の試薬および酵素と混じり合った。
図21Cの「CLOSED」は「閉じている」の意味。
[図1,2関連]
15,37 凹部
30,90 チャンバ
35,40 チャネル
50,54 ベントポケット
72 熱安定性材料
75 プリント回路基板またはPCA
80 熱不安定性ベントポケットシール材(熱不安定性材料)
7004(図45) ディンプル(突起)
230 検出チャンバ
235 検出ストリップ
93 検出チャンバにおける毛管プールまたは空間
[図7,図8関連]
400 流体部品
410 熱不安定性材料
420 ガスケット
430 熱安定性材料
440 エアギャップ
799 フレキシブル回路
[図44関連]
7001 隆起部(または畝部)(流体を導くのを助けるための構造)
[図39〜図43関連]
4001 三角形流れ制御特徴
4003 反応チャンバ
4005 先細り形状の出口
4101 三角形流れ制御特徴
4103 反応チャンバ
4201 台形流れ制御特徴
4203 反応チャンバ
4303 三角形流れ制御特徴
4305 反応チャンバ
4306 出口チャネル
4401 流れ制御特徴
4403 反応チャンバ
Claims (3)
- 標的核酸を検出するためのカセットであって、
複数のチャンバと、
前記チャンバに接続された複数のベントポケットと、
1つまたは複数の前記ベントポケットを密封するための熱不安定性材料と、
を備え、
少なくとも1つの前記ベントポケットの開口面の反対側の面には、当該ベントポケットの内部に向けて突き出た非平面的な構造を備えることを特徴とする、カセット。 - 前記非平面的な構造は、突起、ディンプルまたは凹凸を含む、請求項1に記載のカセット。
- 前記カセットは更に、
前記ベントポケットと向き合って配置された熱源と、
熱安定性材料と、
を備えており、
前記熱安定性材料は、前記熱源と前記熱不安定性材料との間において、前記熱不安定性材料から間隔を隔てた状態で前記熱不安定性材料の隣に配置されて気密バリアを形成すると共に、当該熱安定性材料を通して熱が前記熱源から前記熱不安定性材料に伝達され、
前記非平面的な構造は、前記熱不安定材料が破裂した後に前記ベントポケットの再封を防止するために、溶融した熱不安定性材料が、当該熱不安定性材料の隣に配置された前記熱安定性材料に付着するのを十分に防ぐ、請求項1又は2に記載のカセット。
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| PCT/US2016/029246 WO2016172724A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-25 | Fluidic test cassette |
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| JP2022148953A Active JP7634508B2 (ja) | 2015-04-24 | 2022-09-20 | 流体検査用カセット |
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| JP2022148953A Active JP7634508B2 (ja) | 2015-04-24 | 2022-09-20 | 流体検査用カセット |
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| ES2583135T3 (es) * | 2011-04-20 | 2016-09-19 | Mesa Biotech, Inc. | Dispositivo integrado para la detección e identificación de ácidos nucleicos |
| KR101894100B1 (ko) * | 2012-02-29 | 2018-08-31 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 바이오 센서 |
| WO2015019522A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | 核酸増幅デバイス、核酸増幅装置及び核酸増幅方法 |
| WO2016172724A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-27 | Mesa Biotech, Inc. | Fluidic test cassette |
| CA3062287A1 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-25 | Mesa Biotech, Inc. | Fluidic test cassette |
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| US20160310948A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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| SG10202005427PA (en) | 2020-07-29 |
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| JP2022174269A (ja) | 2022-11-22 |
| EP3286546A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| HK1252521A1 (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
| US20240075473A1 (en) | 2024-03-07 |
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| US12023672B2 (en) | 2024-07-02 |
| EP4282532A3 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
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| AU2016253147B2 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
| AU2021204351B2 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
| US20250108382A1 (en) | 2025-04-03 |
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