JP6824379B2 - 電力変換装置および直流送電システム - Google Patents
電力変換装置および直流送電システム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/1552—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase arrangement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/1555—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
- H02M7/1557—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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Description
図1は、本実施の形態に従う電力変換装置が適用される直流送電システムの構成例を説明する概略ブロック図である。
図3は、実施の形態1に従う電力変換装置の構成を説明するためのブロック図である。図3には、主に電力変換ユニット50の構成が詳細に示される。
図4を参照して、第1の構成例に従うセル51aは、いわゆるハーフブリッジ構成を有する。具体的には、セル51aは、1対の出力端子T1,T2と、キャパシタC1と、半導体スイッチング素子SMp1,SMn1を有する。出力端子T1,T2は、図3に示した直列接続のために、他セル51の出力端子T1,T2、交流端子Na、または、直流端子Nb,Ncと電気的に接続される。
以下の実施の形態2〜5では、電力変換装置の構成の変形例と、当該構成において電流制御を実行する電力変換装置の再起動制御部の制御処理について説明する。
図11を参照して、実施の形態2に従う電力変換装置は、実施の形態1の構成(図3)と比較して、交流遮断器45および交流端子Naの間に配置された電流制限回路70をさらに備える点で異なる。電流制限回路70は、交流遮断器45の閉路時に、交流系統10bおよび交流端子Naの間に接続される電流制限抵抗71と、電流制限抵抗71をバイパスする電流経路を形成するためのバイパススイッチ72を有する。図11のその他の部分の構成は図3と同じであるので、詳細な説明は繰返さない。
図13は実施の形態3に従う電力変換装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図16は、実施の形態4に従う電力変換装置の構成を説明するためのブロック図である。
図19は、実施の形態5に従う直流送電システムの構成を説明するブロック図である。
Claims (20)
- 第1及び第2の電力線によって形成される直流線路を介して複数の交流系統を連系するための直流送電システムに用いられる電力変換装置であって、
前記複数の交流系統のうちの1つの交流系統と前記直流線路との間で双方向の交流/直流電力変換を実行する電力変換ユニットと、
前記電力変換ユニットを経由して前記1つの交流系統および前記直流線路の間を流れる電流を遮断する電流遮断器と、
前記電流遮断器および前記電力変換ユニットを制御する端子制御装置とを備え、
前記電力変換ユニットは、
前記第1及び第2の電力線と電気的にそれぞれ接続された第1および第2の直流端子と、
前記交流系統と電気的に接続された交流端子と、
前記交流端子との電気的な接続点を有するように前記第1および第2の直流端子間に直列に接続された複数の変換器セルとを含み、
前記複数の変換器セルの各々は、
一対の出力端子間に接続された蓄電素子と、
前記出力端子に対する前記蓄電素子の充放電を制御するために前記蓄電素子に対して並列または直列に接続された複数のスイッチング素子とを有し、
前記端子制御装置は、
前記電流遮断器が開放され、かつ、前記電力変換ユニットが各前記変換器セルの前記複数のスイッチング素子がオフに固定されたゲートブロック状態である停止状態から、前記直流線路へ入出力する直流電流を制御するための前記交流/直流電力変換を開始するための再起動動作において、前記第1および第2の直流端子間の直流端子電圧および前記蓄電素子の電圧に応じて、前記停止状態を解除し、前記複数の変換器セルでの前記複数のスイッチング素子のオンオフによる前記交流/直流電力変換を開始する、電力変換装置。 - 前記電流遮断器は、前記1つの交流系統と前記電力変換ユニットの前記交流端子との間に接続されて、前記端子制御装置からの指令に応じて開閉される交流遮断器を含む、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記停止状態において、前記直流端子電圧が予め定められた第1の基準電圧よりも上昇すると、前記交流遮断器を閉路して前記再起動動作を開始する、請求項2記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1の基準電圧は、前記直流送電システムの事故の除去時における前記直流線路の正常電圧範囲に対応して設定される、請求項3記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記再起動動作において、前記交流遮断器が閉路された状態で前記直流端子電圧が予め定められた第2の基準電圧よりも上昇すると、前記電力変換ユニットの前記ゲートブロック状態を解除し、
前記第2の基準電圧は前記第1の基準電圧よりも高い、請求項3記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記直流送電システムにおいて、前記直流線路の直流電圧は、前記直流線路と前記複数の交流系統のうちの他の1つの交流系統の間に接続された他の電力変換装置によって制御され、
前記第2の基準電圧は、前記他の電力変換装置の定格運転時における前記直流線路の正常電圧範囲に対応して設定される、請求項5記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記端子制御装置は、前記停止状態の解除後に、各前記変換器セルの前記蓄電素子の電圧が予め定められた第3の基準電圧よりも上昇すると、前記複数の変換器セルでの前記複数のスイッチング素子のオンオフによる前記交流/直流電力変換を開始する、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第3の基準電圧は、前記電力変換装置が定格運転を開始できる、前記蓄電素子の最低電圧に対応して設定される、請求項7記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記直流線路に事故が発生したことを検知すると、前記電流遮断器を開放するとともに前記電力変換ユニットを前記ゲートブロック状態に設定する、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記電力変換装置および前記直流線路の間を流れる直流電流が予め定められた基準値を超えた場合に、前記電力変換ユニットを前記ゲートブロック状態に設定する、請求項9記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記電力変換装置および前記直流線路の間を流れる直流電流が予め定められた第1の基準値を超える第1の条件、および、前記交流端子を流れる交流電流が予め定められた第2の基準値を超える第2の条件の少なくとも一方が成立すると、前記電流遮断器を開放して前記電力変換ユニットを前記1つの交流系統から解列する、請求項9記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電流遮断器は、前記1つの交流系統に対して前記交流端子と直列に接続された交流遮断器を含み、
前記電力変換装置は、
前記交流遮断器と前記交流端子との間に接続された電流制限抵抗と、
前記電流制限抵抗と並列に接続されるとともに、開閉を前記端子制御装置からの指令に従って開閉するように構成されたバイパススイッチとをさらに備え、
前記端子制御装置は、前記再起動動作において、各前記変換器セルの前記蓄電素子の電圧が予め定められた第4の基準電圧よりも高いときに前記バイパススイッチをオンする一方で、前記蓄電素子の電圧が前記第4の基準電圧よりも低いときに前記バイパススイッチをオフする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1および第2の直流端子間に前記複数の変換器セルをバイパスする電流経路を形成する事故電流バイパス部をさらに備え、
前記事故電流バイパス部は、前記直流線路における事故の発生時に、前記事故による短絡電流を還流するために前記電流経路を形成するように構成される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電流遮断器は、前記電力変換ユニットと前記直流線路の間に接続されて、前記端子制御装置からの指令に応じて開閉される直流遮断器を含み、
前記端子制御装置は、前記電力変換装置および前記直流線路の間を流れる直流電流が予め定められた基準値を超えた場合に、前記直流遮断器を開放して前記電力変換ユニットを前記直流線路から解列する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記端子制御装置は、前記直流遮断器の開放後の前記再起動動作の開始時において、前記直流遮断器を再度閉路する、請求項14記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電流遮断器は、前記電力変換ユニットと前記直流線路の間に接続されて、前記端子制御装置からの指令に応じて開閉される直流遮断器を含む、請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記端子制御装置は、前記直流遮断器の開放後の前記再起動動作において、前記電力変換ユニットの前記ゲートブロック状態の解除後に、前記電力変換装置が定格運転を開始できる電圧まで各前記変換器セルの前記蓄電素子の電圧が上昇すると、前記直流遮断器を再度閉路する、請求項16記載の電力変換装置。
- 直流線路を介して複数の交流系統を連系するための直流送電システムであって、
前記直流線路と前記複数の交流系統との間にそれぞれ配置される複数の電力変換装置を備え、
前記複数の電力変換装置の各々は、前記複数の交流系統のうちの対応する1つの交流系統と前記直流線路との間で双方向の交流/直流電力変換を実行し、
前記複数の電力変換装置は、
前記交流/直流電力変換によって前記直流線路の直流電圧を電圧指令値に従って制御する第1の電力変換装置と、
前記交流/直流電力変換によって前記直流線路に対して入出力する直流電流を電流指令値に従って制御する第2の電力変換装置とを含み、
前記第2の電力変換装置は、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載された前記電力変換装置によって構成される、直流送電システム。 - 前記直流線路は、前記複数の交流系統の各々に対応して配置され、
前記複数の交流系統に共通の電力線と各前記直流線路との間に接続された直流遮断器を有する回線切換器と、
前記回線切換器を制御する制御装置とをさらに備え、
前記回線切換器は、前記複数の交流系統のいずれかにおいて前記直流線路に永久故障が発生した場合に、前記永久故障が発生した前記直流線路を、前記共通の電力線および他の各前記直流線路から切り離す、請求項18記載の直流送電システム。 - 第1及び第2の電力線によって形成される直流線路を介して複数の交流系統を連系するための直流送電システムに用いられる電力変換装置の端子制御装置であって、
前記電力変換装置は、
前記複数の交流系統のうちの1つの交流系統と前記直流線路との間で双方向の交流/直流電力変換を実行する電力変換ユニットと、
前記電力変換ユニットを経由して前記1つの交流系統および前記直流線路の間を流れる電流を遮断する電流遮断器とを含み、
前記電力変換ユニットは、
前記第1及び第2の電力線と電気的にそれぞれ接続された第1および第2の直流端子と、
前記交流系統と電気的に接続された交流端子と、
前記交流端子との電気的な接続点を有するように前記第1および第2の直流端子間に直列に接続された複数の変換器セルとを含み、
前記複数の変換器セルの各々は、
一対の出力端子間に接続された蓄電素子と、
前記出力端子に対する前記蓄電素子の充放電を制御するために前記蓄電素子に対して並列または直列に接続された複数のスイッチング素子とを有し、
前記端子制御装置は、
前記電流遮断器が開放され、かつ、前記電力変換ユニットが各前記変換器セルの前記複数のスイッチング素子がオフに固定されたゲートブロック状態である停止状態から、前記直流線路へ入出力する直流電流を制御するための前記交流/直流電力変換を開始するための再起動動作を実行する手段と、
前記再起動動作において、前記第1および第2の直流端子間の直流端子電圧および前記蓄電素子の電圧に応じて、前記停止状態を解除し、前記複数の変換器セルでの前記複数のスイッチング素子のオンオフによる前記交流/直流電力変換を開始する手段とを備える、端子制御装置。
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