JPWO2019198300A1 - 電力変換システム - Google Patents
電力変換システム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
- H02H7/062—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors for parallel connected generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/002—Intermediate AC, e.g. DC supply with intermediated AC distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態1に従う電力変換システム100の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図2を参照して、AC/DC変換器30は、3相ブリッジ回路を構成する自己消弧型の半導体スイッチング素子Q1〜Q6と、半導体スイッチング素子Q1〜Q6に逆並列接続されたダイオード素子D1〜D6と、平滑コンデンサC1とを含む。半導体スイッチング素子Q1〜Q6としては、代表的にはIGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)を適用することが可能であるが、IGBTに限定されず、他の自己消弧型半導体スイッチング素子を用いるものことも可能である。半導体スイッチング素子Q1〜Q6は「第1の半導体スイッチング素子」に対応する。
図3を参照して、第1のDC/DC変換器40は、自励式の2つのフルブリッジ型のインバータ回路111,112と、絶縁用トランス(以下、単に「トランス」と称する)TR1と、平滑コンデンサC11,C12とを備える絶縁型DAB(Dual Active Bridge)構成である。なお、大電力送電用のDC/DC変換器は、複数の絶縁型DAB構成DC/DC変換回路を直並列に接続して、高電圧化した回路構成とされることが一般的であるが、説明の簡単化のため、1段構成の回路を例に説明する。
制御装置1Aには、電流検出器61A,63A,64Aによる電流検出値IACA,IDC1A,IDC2A、及び、電圧検出器71A,72Aによる電圧検出値VgnA,VmdcAが入力される。
上述の実施の形態1においては、集電系統の直流系統事故時の変換器制御について説明したが、実施の形態2では、交流系統での事故発生時における事故時運転について説明する。
Claims (7)
- 発電機で発電した交流電力を直流電力系統を介して交流電力系統に送電する電力変換システムであって、
前記発電機からの前記交流電力を第1の直流電圧の電力に変換して出力するAC/DC電力変換器と、
前記AC/DC電力変換器から出力された電力を第2の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記直流電力系統に出力するDC/DC電力変換器と、
前記AC/DC電力変換器及び前記DC/DC電力変換器を制御する制御装置と備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記発電機が出力する交流電流の有効電流成分及び無効電流成分が有効電流指令値及び無効電流指令値に追従するように前記AC/DC電力変換器を制御する第1の駆動制御部と、
前記第1の直流電圧が直流電圧指令値に追従するように前記DC/DC電力変換器を制御する第2の駆動制御部とを含み、
前記直流電力系統又は前記交流電力系統に事故が起きた場合に、前記第2の直流電圧の変動に応じて、前記有効電流指令値及び前記直流電圧指令値の少なくとも一方を低下させることにより、前記発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、電力変換システム。 - 前記電力変換システムは、複数の前記発電機で発電した交流電力を変換した直流電力を集電して前記交流電力系統に送電し、
前記AC/DC電力変換器及び前記DC/DC電力変換器、並びに、前記第1及び第2の駆動制御部は、各前記発電機に対応して配置され、
前記電力変換システムは、
各前記AC/DC電力変換器及び各前記DC/DC電力変換器の間を接続する第1の直流線路と、
各前記DC/DC電力変換器と接続された第2の直流線路とをさらに備え、
前記直流電力系統は、各前記第2の直流線路を互いに並列接続して構成され、
前記AC/DC電力変換器は、自己消弧型の複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフ制御によって、対応する前記発電機からの前記交流電力を前記第1の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記第1の直流線路へ出力し、
前記DC/DC電力変換器は、自己消弧型の複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフ制御によって、前記第1の直流線路に出力された前記第1の直流電圧の電力を、前記第2の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記第2の直流線路へ出力し、
前記制御装置は、各前記発電機に対応して、
前記発電機が出力する交流電圧の電圧値を検出する交流電圧検出部と、
前記発電機が出力する交流電流の電流値を検出する交流電流検出部と、
前記第1及び第2の直流電圧の電圧値を検出する直流電圧検出部と、
前記第1及び第2の直流線路に流れる電流値を検出する直流電流検出部とをさらに含み、
前記第1の駆動制御部は、
前記交流電圧及び前記交流電流に基づき、前記有効電流成分及び前記無効電流成分が前記有効電流指令値及び前記無効電流指令値に追従するように第1の制御出力を算出する交流電流制御部と、
前記第1の制御出力に応じて前記複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動するため第1のゲート駆動制御部とを有し、
前記第2の駆動制御部は、
前記第1の直流電圧が前記直流電圧指令値に追従するように第2の制御出力を算出する直流電圧制御部と、
前記第2の制御出力に従って前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動するため第2のゲート駆動制御部とを有し、
前記直流電力系統又は前記交流電力系統に短絡事故が起きた場合に、前記第1又は第2の直流電圧の変動に応じて、前記交流電流制御部への前記有効電流指令値の低下、及び、前記直流電圧制御部に与える前記直流電圧指令値の低下の少なくとも一方を実行することによって、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記AC/DC電力変換器は、
前記複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子によって構成されるインバータ回路と、
前記インバータ回路の直流側において前記第1の直流線路と接続される平滑コンデンサとを含み、
前記制御装置は、
前記直流電圧検出部が検出した前記第1の直流電圧の検出値が第1の電圧以上になったことを検出すると、前記第1の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に比例した調整量の減算によって前記有効電流指令値を低下させる有効電流指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第1の電圧は、前記第1の直流電圧の前記定格電圧よりも高い電圧に予め設定され、
前記交流電流制御部は、低下された前記有効電流指令値に従って前記交流電流の前記有効電流成分を制御することで、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制する、請求項2に記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記DC/DC電力変換器は、
絶縁用トランスと、
第1及び第2の平滑コンデンサをさらに有し、
前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子は、前記絶縁用トランスの1次側に交流側が接続された第1のインバータ回路と、前記絶縁用トランスの2次側に交流側が接続された第2のインバータ回路とを構成し、
前記第1の平滑コンデンサは、前記第1のインバータ回路の直流側において前記第1の直流線路と接続されるとともに、前記第2の平滑コンデンサは、前記第2のインバータ回路の直流側において前記第2の直流線路と接続され、
前記制御装置は、
前記第2の直流電圧の検出値が第2の電圧以上になったことを検出すると、前記第2の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に比例した調整量の減算によって前記直流電圧指令値を低下させる電圧指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第2の電圧は、前記第2の直流電圧の前記定格電圧よりも高い電圧に予め設定され、
前記直流電圧指令値を低下に対して、前記交流電流制御部への前記有効電流指令値の上限値が有効電流リミッタで制限されることによって、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、請求項2記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記電圧指令値調整部によって低下された前記直流電圧指令値が第3の電圧となり、かつ、前記第2の直流電圧の検出値が前記第2の電圧以上であることが検出されると、前記第2の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に応じて前記有効電流指令値を低下させる有効電流指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第3の電圧は、前記第1の直流電圧の定格電圧よりも低い電圧に予め定められ、
前記交流電流制御部は、低下された前記有効電流指令値に従って前記交流電流の前記有効電流成分を制御することで、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制する、請求項4記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記直流電圧検出部が検出した前記第1の直流電圧の検出値が予め定められた電圧よりも低下し、かつ、前記直流電流検出部が検出した前記第2の直流線路の電流が予め定められた上限電流よりも上昇すると、前記第2の直流線路の短絡事故を検知して、前記DC/DC電力変換器を一時的に停止させるとともに、前記DC/DC電力変換器の停止中において前記有効電流指令値調整部によって前記有効電流指令値を低下させる、請求項3に記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第2の直流線路の短絡事故を検知すると、予め定められた時間が経過するまで前記DC/DC電力変換器を一時的に停止し、かつ、前記予め定められた時間が経過すると、前記DC/DC電力変換器について、前記第2の直流電圧の上昇制御を実行した後に、前記直流電圧制御部による前記第2の制御出力に従った制御に復帰させ、
前記DC/DC電力変換器は、前記上昇制御において、前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子のデューティ比を、0から50%の範囲内で、かつ、前記DC/DC電力変換器を流れる電流が定格電流以下となるよう調整する、請求項6記載の電力変換システム。
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