WO2019198300A1 - 電力変換システム - Google Patents
電力変換システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019198300A1 WO2019198300A1 PCT/JP2019/002221 JP2019002221W WO2019198300A1 WO 2019198300 A1 WO2019198300 A1 WO 2019198300A1 JP 2019002221 W JP2019002221 W JP 2019002221W WO 2019198300 A1 WO2019198300 A1 WO 2019198300A1
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- voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
- H02H7/062—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors for parallel connected generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/002—Intermediate AC, e.g. DC supply with intermediated AC distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion system, and more particularly to a power conversion system that transmits AC power generated by a generator to an AC power system via a DC power system.
- a DC power transmission system in which a large-capacity power conversion device is connected with a direct current and high voltage power is transmitted with direct current power.
- AC power transmission there is no current loss due to the skin effect, and thus there is an advantage that power transmission loss in long-distance transmission can be reduced.
- AC power transmission using three-phase power requires three power lines, while DC power transmission has an advantage in that two power lines are sufficient.
- the case of adopting direct current power transmission suitable for high power transmission is increasing.
- Patent Document 1 AC power generated by a power generation facility such as a wind power generation facility is converted into DC power by an AC / DC converter and output to a DC current collecting system.
- a configuration of a DC power transmission system in which a DC voltage is boosted to a predetermined DC voltage by a DC / DC converter and DC power is transmitted through a power transmission line (DC power transmission system) is described.
- the direct-current power transmitted by direct-current transmission is converted into alternating-current power by a DC / AC converter, and then stepped down to a predetermined voltage by a transformer and supplied to an alternating-current device.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the control mode is switched between a steady state and an accident. Specifically, in a steady state, the DC / DC converter controls the voltage of the DC power collection system, and the DC / AC converter controls the voltage of the DC power transmission system. In addition to controlling the voltage of the power system, it is described that the DC / DC converter controls the voltage of the DC power transmission system.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a short-circuit in a power conversion system that transmits AC power generated by a generator to an AC power system via a DC power system. It is to improve the driving continuity in the case of a systematic accident of time.
- a power conversion system is a power conversion system that transmits AC power generated by a generator to an AC power system via a DC power system, the AC / DC power converter, and the DC / DC A power converter; and a controller that controls the AC / DC power converter and the DC / DC power converter.
- the AC / DC power converter converts AC power from the generator into power of a first DC voltage and outputs it.
- the DC / DC power converter converts the power output from the AC / DC power converter into the power of the second DC voltage and outputs it to the DC power system.
- the control device includes a first drive control unit and a second drive control unit.
- the first drive control unit controls the AC / DC power converter so that the active current component and the reactive current component of the alternating current output from the generator follow the active current command value and the reactive current command value.
- the second drive control unit controls the DC / DC power converter so that the first DC voltage follows the DC voltage command value. Furthermore, the control device reduces at least one of the active current command value and the DC voltage command value according to the fluctuation of the second DC voltage when an accident occurs in the DC power system or the AC power system, Suppresses the power flowing from the generator to the AC / DC power converter.
- the DC power in a power conversion system that transmits AC power generated by a generator to an AC power system via a DC power system, if a short circuit accident occurs in the DC power system or the AC power system, the DC power
- the control command value of the AC / DC power converter or the DC / DC power converter is adjusted so as to suppress the inflow power from the generator according to the voltage fluctuation of the system.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the AC / DC converter illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a first DC / DC converter illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a block diagram explaining the detailed structure from the windmill in the power conversion system according to Embodiment 1 to the 2nd DC / DC converter.
- It is a control block diagram of an AC / DC converter and a first DC / DC converter by a control device. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a control process when a DC system fault occurs in the power conversion system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a control process when an AC system fault occurs by the power conversion system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power conversion system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- a power conversion system 100 converts AC power generated by a plurality of wind power generation facilities 2A and 2B into DC power, collects current in the state of DC power, and collects the collected DC power. The voltage is further boosted and AC power is supplied to the AC power distribution system 70.
- the number of wind power generation facilities connected to the power conversion system 100 is two in the notation in FIG. 1, it can be an arbitrary number.
- the wind power generation facilities 2A and 2B are disposed on the ocean or on the mountain, for example.
- the wind power generation facility 2A includes a windmill 10A and a generator 20A coupled to the rotation shaft of the windmill 10A.
- the wind power generation facility 2B includes a windmill 10B and a generator 20B coupled to the rotation shaft of the windmill 10B.
- the generators 20A and 20B generate electric power when the rotor is rotated by the rotation of the windmills 10A and 10B, and generate AC power.
- the power conversion system 100 includes a control device 1A, an AC / DC power converter 30A, a power line 31A, a first DC / DC power converter 40A, a collector line 41A, and a wind power generation facility 2B corresponding to the wind power generation facility 2A.
- Corresponding control device 1B, AC / DC power converter 30B, power line 31B, first DC / DC power converter 40B, and collector line 41B are provided.
- the power conversion system 100 further includes a second DC / DC power converter 50, a power transmission line 51, and a DC / AC power converter 60.
- each AC / DC power converter, each DC / DC power converter, and each DC / AC power converter are simply referred to as an AC / DC converter, a DC / DC converter, and a DC / AC converter. write.
- Control device 1A controls AC / DC converter 30A and first DC / DC converter 40A.
- the control device 1B controls the AC / DC converter 30B and the first DC / DC converter 40B.
- each control apparatus of the 2nd DC / DC converter 50 and DC / AC converter is further arrange
- Each of the control devices 1A and 1B is typically configured by a microcomputer, a hardware process by a built-in electronic circuit (not shown), and a program in which a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown) is installed
- the operation of the AC / DC converter 30A and the first DC / DC converter 40A, or the operation of the AC / DC converter 30B and the first DC / DC converter 40B is controlled by software processing by executing the above.
- AC / DC converters 30A and 30B convert the three-phase AC power generated by the generators 20A and 20B into DC power, and output the DC power to the power lines 31A and 31B, respectively.
- the voltage of each DC power of the power lines 31A and 31B is also referred to as “power generation voltages VgnA, VgnB”.
- the first DC / DC converters 40A and 40B convert (boost) the DC power voltages (power generation voltages VgnA and VgnB) converted by the AC / DC converters 30A and 30B into different voltages, and collect the current collector 41A. And 41B.
- the current collection lines 41A and 41B constitute a current collection system 45 by being connected in parallel on the input side of the second DC / DC converter 50.
- the power collection system 45 collects DC power obtained by converting the power generated by the plurality of wind power generation facilities 2A and 2B.
- the voltage of the DC power in the current collecting system 45 is also referred to as “collected voltage Vmdc”.
- the control devices 1A and 1B, the AC / DC converters 30A and 30B, the power lines 31A and 31B, and the first DC which are elements arranged corresponding to the wind power generation facilities 2A and 2B, respectively.
- the / DC converters 40A and 40B and the collector lines 41A and 41B are configured similarly.
- subscripts A and B are attached below to distinguish between the two, while in order to explain matters common to both elements, they are described comprehensively without subscripts A and B. It shall be.
- the pair of AC / DC converters 30 and the first DC / DC converters 40 are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of wind power generation facilities 2A and 2B.
- DC power boosted by one DC / DC converter 40 is collected.
- the second DC / DC converter 50 collects the collected DC power and further boosts it to perform high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC).
- HVDC high-voltage DC transmission
- the voltage of DC power transmitted through the transmission line 51 (DC transmission system) is also referred to as “transmission voltage Vhdc”.
- the devices from the AC / DC converter 30 to the second DC / DC converter 50 are arranged at the offshore conversion plant adjacent to the wind power generation facility 2. Is done.
- the DC power converted by the second DC / DC converter 50 is transmitted through the transmission line 51 to the land, for example.
- the transmitted DC power is supplied to a DC / AC converter 60 arranged at a land-side conversion station.
- the DC / AC converter 60 converts DC power into AC power and supplies the AC power to the AC distribution system 70.
- the power lines 31 ⁇ / b> A and 31 ⁇ / b> B (31) correspond to an example of “first DC line”
- the collector lines 41 ⁇ / b> A and 41 ⁇ / b> B (41) are an example of “second DC line”.
- the current collection system 45 corresponds to an example of a “DC power system”.
- the generated voltage Vgn corresponds to an example of “first DC voltage”
- the collected voltage Vmdc corresponds to “second DC voltage”.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the AC / DC converter 30 linked to the generator 20.
- AC / DC converter 30 includes self-extinguishing semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6 constituting a three-phase bridge circuit, and diode element D1 connected in reverse parallel to semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6. To D6 and a smoothing capacitor C1.
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6 correspond to “first semiconductor switching elements”.
- AC power generated by the generator 20 is supplied to the three-phase bridge circuit of the AC / DC converter 30 via the power lines UL1, UV1, UW1, and rectified.
- the DC power obtained by the rectification is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 and supplied to the power line 31.
- the power generation voltage Vgn is output from the AC / DC converter 30 to the power line 31.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the first DC / DC converter 40.
- first DC / DC converter 40 includes two self-excited full-bridge inverter circuits 111 and 112, an insulating transformer (hereinafter simply referred to as “transformer”) TR1, It is an insulation type DAB (Dual Active Bridge) configuration including smoothing capacitors C11 and C12.
- Transformer insulating transformer
- DAB Double Active Bridge
- a DC / DC converter for high-power transmission has a circuit configuration in which a plurality of isolated DAB configuration DC / DC conversion circuits are connected in series and parallel to increase the voltage.
- a single-stage circuit will be described as an example.
- the inverter circuit 111 includes a smoothing capacitor C11 connected between the power lines PL1 and NL1, semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q12 connected in series, and semiconductor switching elements Q13 and Q14 connected in series. Diodes D11 to D14 connected in antiparallel are arranged in semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q14, respectively.
- the power lines PL1 and NL1 on the primary side (primary winding side of the transformer TR1) of the first DC / DC converter 40 are connected to the power line 31 from which the generated voltage Vgn is output from the AC / DC converter 30. Yes.
- the inverter circuit 111 converts the DC power smoothed by the smoothing capacitor C11 into AC power and outputs the AC power to the transformer TR1.
- the transformer TR1 transfers the AC power supplied from the inverter circuit 111 to the primary winding to the secondary winding after ensuring electrical insulation.
- the AC power of the secondary winding is input to the inverter circuit 112.
- the inverter circuit 112 basically has the same configuration as the inverter circuit 111. Specifically, inverter circuit 112 includes semiconductor switching elements Q15 and Q16 connected in series, semiconductor switching elements Q17 and Q18 connected in series, and smoothing capacitor C12 connected between power lines PL2 and NL2. Including. Diodes D15 to D18 are connected in antiparallel to the semiconductor switching elements Q15 to Q18, respectively.
- the inverter circuit 112 performs smoothing by charging and discharging the smoothing capacitor C12 with AC power supplied from the transformer TR1 (secondary side), and outputs DC power (collected voltage Vmdc).
- the inverter circuits 111 and 112 are not limited to full-bridge type inverters, and may be, for example, three-level inverters.
- 3 shows an example in which IGBTs are used as the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q18 included in the inverter circuits 111 and 112.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q18 are not limited to this, and other self-extinguishing elements are used.
- An arc type semiconductor switching element may be used.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q18 correspond to “second semiconductor switching elements”.
- the basic hardware configurations of the first DC / DC converter 40 and the second DC / DC converter 50 are the same.
- the primary power lines PL ⁇ b> 1 and NL ⁇ b> 1 are connected to a collector line 41 from which the collected voltage Vmdc is output from the first DC / DC converter 40.
- secondary power lines PL2 and NL2 are connected to power transmission line 51 from which power transmission voltage Vhdc is output.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration from wind turbine 10 to second DC / DC converter 50 in the power conversion system according to the first embodiment.
- the collectors 41A and 41B include, as protection devices, DC reactors (DCL1A, DCL2A, DCL1B, DCL2B, and DCL3, DCL4) and DC breakers (CB1A to CB4A, CB1B to CB4B), arresters (AR1A, AR2A, AR1B, AR2B) for protecting from surge voltage, and filters (FLA, FLB) for suppressing circuit resonance are arranged.
- DC reactors DCL1A, DCL2A, DCL1B, DCL2B, and DCL3, DCL4
- CB1A to CB4A, CB1B to CB4B DC breakers
- arresters AR1A, AR2A, AR1B, AR2B
- FLA, FLB filters
- the first DC / DC conversion is performed.
- the current collection voltage Vmdc decreases.
- the collected voltage Vmdc is detected by voltage detectors 72A and 72B connected to the secondary sides of the first DC / DC converters 40A and 40B, respectively.
- the protection control device 3 controls the control command for opening the DC circuit breakers CB3B and CB4B when a DC line short circuit accident occurs ( OPCB3B, OPCB4B) are output. Specifically, when the current detection values ICB3B and ICB4B exceed the current threshold value IMAX (that is, when
- IMAX that is, when
- the collector line 41B including the DCF point is disconnected from the power conversion system 100 after the interruption time of the DC breaker (generally about 10 [ms]). When it is disconnected by opening the DC breakers CB3B and CB4B, it is difficult to recover in a short time.
- the current detectors 65A and 65B are also arranged in the current collector 41A in the same manner as the current detectors 65B and 66B, and based on the current detection values by the current detectors 65A and 65B, as in the current collector 41. It is possible to detect the occurrence of a DC line short circuit accident (DC system accident) in the collector line 41A. And if generation
- DC line short circuit accident DC system accident
- the DC breakers CB3A and CB4A do not detect reverse current, so the breaker is not opened, and the control device 1A controls the AC / DC converter 30A and the DC / DC converter 40A. Continue.
- the control device 1A receives the current detection values IACA, IDC1A, IDC2A from the current detectors 61A, 63A, 64A, and the voltage detection values VgnA, VmdcA from the voltage detectors 71A, 72A.
- the current detector 61A is arranged on a power line (corresponding to UL1, VL1, WL1 in FIG. 2) connecting the generator 20A and the AC / DC converter 30A, and detects the generated current IACA of the generator 20A.
- the voltage detector 71A is connected to the primary side of the first DC / DC converter 40A and detects the generated voltage VgnA.
- the current detectors 63A and 64A detect the currents IDC1A and IDC2A of the secondary DC line (collection line 41A) of the first DC / DC converter 40A.
- the voltage detector 72A is connected to the closest end of the first DC / DC converter 40A in the collector line 41A and detects the collected voltage VmdcA.
- the control device 1A drives the gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ A for driving the semiconductor switching element of the first DC / DC converter 40A. And a gate drive signal SPWMA for driving the semiconductor switching element of the AC / DC converter 30A is output.
- the current detection values IACB, IDC1B, IDC2B by the current detectors 61B, 63B, 64B and the voltage detection values VgnB, VmdcB by the voltage detectors 71B, 72B are input to the control device 1B.
- the current detector 61B detects the generated current IACB of the generator 20B in the same manner as the current detector 61A. Similarly to the voltage detector 71A, the voltage detector 71B is connected to the primary side of the first DC / DC converter 40B and detects the generated voltage VgnB. The current detectors 63B and 64B detect the currents IDC1B and IDC2B of the collector line 41B, similarly to the current detectors 63A and 64A. Similarly to the voltage detector 72A, the voltage detector 72B is disposed on the collector line 41B and detects the collected voltage VmdcB.
- the control device 1B drives the gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ B for driving the semiconductor switching element of the first DC / DC converter 40B. And a gate drive signal SPWMB for driving the semiconductor switching element of the AC / DC converter 30B.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are switched according to the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1, while the semiconductor switching elements Q12 and Q13 are switched according to the inverted signal of the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q15 and Q18 are switched according to the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2, while the semiconductor switching elements Q16 and Q17 are switched according to the inverted signal of the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2. Switched.
- the gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ A includes the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1A and the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2A in the first DC / DC converter 40A, and the gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ B (FIG. 4). ) Includes the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1B and the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2B in the first DC / DC converter 40B. That is, the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1 comprehensively represents the first gate drive pulse signals PG ⁇ 1A and PG ⁇ 1B of the first DC / DC converters 40A and 40B, and the second gate drive pulse. The signal PG ⁇ 2 comprehensively represents the second gate drive pulse signals PG ⁇ 2A and PG ⁇ 2B of the first DC / DC converters 40A and 40B.
- the switching of the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q18 is performed as in the first DC / DC converter 40.
- the current collection voltage Vmdc of the current collector 41 at the input terminal of the second DC / DC converter 50 is changed. Can be controlled.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6 constituting the AC / DC converter 30 are controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control according to the gate drive signals SPWMA and SPWMB shown in FIG. Switched.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the command value of the PWM control is determined so as to control the effective current (alternating current) supplied from the generator 20.
- a pair of AC / DC converters 30, a first DC / DC converter 40, and a control are provided for each of the plurality of wind power generation facilities 2.
- a device 1 is arranged.
- Each of the control devices 1A and 1B is connected to the corresponding AC / DC converter 30 and the first DC / DC converter 40 when they are on an accident path separated by a DC line short circuit accident. Based on the voltage and current detection values at the system point, it is determined that the operation cannot be continued, and the AC / DC converter 30 and the first DC / DC converter 40 are stopped. For example, when a DC line short circuit accident occurs at the DCF point in FIG.
- the control device 1B stops the AC / DC converter 30B and the first DC / DC converter 40B. The operation is continued in the control device 1A of the AC / DC converter 30A and the DC / DC converter 40A connected to a healthy path (collecting line) 41A.
- distributed power sources such as solar power generation and wind power generation are required to have an operation continuity performance (FRT: Fault Ride Through) requirement in order to ensure power quality.
- FRT Fault Ride Through
- the time when the interconnection point voltage decreases to 0 V is within 140 ms. For this reason, it is required to resume power transmission within a time period that satisfies the FRT requirement for a system disturbance due to a short-term system failure.
- control apparatus 1 controls AC / DC converter 30 and first DC / DC converter 40 to increase the speed. By suppressing the occurrence of overvoltage and the like by stabilizing the system voltage, the operation continuity can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the AC / DC converter 30 and the first DC / DC converter 40 by the control device 1.
- the control block of the AC / DC converter 30 and the first DC / DC converter 40 shown comprehensively in FIG. 5 includes the control of the AC / DC converter 30A and the first DC / DC converter 40A, and , And can be commonly applied to the control of the AC / DC converter 30B and the first DC / DC converter 40B.
- the function of each block of the configuration shown in FIG. 5 can be realized by at least one of hardware processing and software processing in the control device 1.
- control device 1 has a DC voltage detection unit 83, a DC current detection unit 84, and a voltage command value adjustment unit 89 as functional blocks for controlling first DC / DC converter 40.
- the gate drive control unit 95 generates first and second gate drive pulse signals PG ⁇ 1 and PG ⁇ 2 of the first DC / DC converter 40 for controlling the generated voltage Vgn.
- the DC voltage detector 83 detects the generated voltage Vgn and the collected voltage Vmdc based on the outputs of the voltage detectors 71 and 72.
- the generated voltage Vgn includes the voltage of the smoothing capacitor C1 of the AC / DC converter 30 (the combined value of the smoothing capacitor voltages in the case of a multi-stage configuration) and the primary side smoothing capacitor C11 of the first DC / DC converter 40. It is determined by the voltage (in the case of a multi-stage configuration, the composite value of the primary side smoothing capacitor voltage).
- the collected voltage Vmdc is the voltage of the secondary side smoothing capacitor C12 of the first DC / DC converter 40 (in the case of a multi-stage configuration, the combined value of the secondary side smoothing capacitor voltages) and the second DC / DC. It is determined by the voltage of the primary side smoothing capacitor (not shown) of the DC converter 50.
- the first DC / DC converter 40 further includes current detectors 64 and 113 to 115 in addition to the current detector 63 shown in FIG.
- the current detectors 113 and 114 are disposed at the closest end of the power line 31 with the inverter circuit 111.
- Current detector 115 is arranged on the primary side of transformer TR1.
- the current detector 64 is disposed at the closest end to the inverter circuit 112 on the low voltage side wiring of the collector line 41.
- the current detector 63 is disposed on the low voltage side wiring of the collector line 41.
- DC current detector 84 detects output currents IDC1 and IDC2, input currents ILP1 and ILN1, and converter current IINV based on the outputs of current detectors 63, 64 and 113 to 115.
- the voltage command value adjustment unit 89 receives the detection value of the collected voltage Vmdc from the DC voltage detection unit 83 as an input, and outputs a generated voltage command value Vgn_ref.
- the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref is set to a predetermined rated value (rated voltage) of the collected voltage.
- the steady operation voltage upper limit can be set to about 110% of the rated voltage.
- the voltage command value adjustment unit 89 sets the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref lower than the rated value when the collected voltage Vmdc exceeds the steady operation voltage upper limit.
- the generation voltage command value Vgn_ref is set by subtracting a value (adjustment amount) obtained by multiplying the amount of increase in the collected voltage Vmdc with respect to the rated voltage (ie, Vmdc ⁇ rated voltage) by K times (K: constant) from the rated voltage. can do.
- the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref is generally output in the range of 80% to 110% of the rated voltage in order to suppress fluctuations in the generated voltage due to sudden changes in the command value.
- the output power of the first DC / DC converter 40 can be obtained from the product of the collected voltage Vmdc (voltage detector 72) and the output current IDC1 (current detector 63). By feeding forward the output power of the first DC / DC converter 40, the control response of the collected voltage Vmdc can be enhanced.
- the phase difference ⁇ calculated by the DC voltage control unit 93 is limited within a predetermined range (for example, within ⁇ 60 degrees) by the phase limiter 94.
- the gate drive control unit 95 generates the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1 (inverter circuit 111) and the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2 (inverter circuit 112) according to the phase difference ⁇ after passing through the phase limiter 94.
- a phase difference ⁇ (after limitation by the phase limiter 94) is provided between the first and second gate drive pulse signals PG ⁇ 1 and PG ⁇ 2 having the same frequency and a fixed duty ratio of 50%.
- the first gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 1 is generated by subtracting the phase difference ⁇ from the reference phase ⁇ of the second gate drive pulse signal PG ⁇ 2 of the inverter circuit 112.
- the generated voltage Vgn is controlled to be constant. That is, the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref corresponds to an example of “DC voltage command value”, the phase difference ⁇ corresponds to an example of “second control output”, and the gate drive control unit 95 This corresponds to an example of the “gate drive control unit”.
- the DC voltage control unit 93 and the gate drive control unit 95 can constitute one embodiment of the “second drive control unit”.
- control device 1 includes an AC voltage detector 81, an AC current detector 82, a phase detector 85, a dq converter 86, and an AC voltage as functional blocks for controlling the AC / DC converter 30.
- the control unit 87, the effective current command value adjusting unit 88, the effective current command value limiter 97, the alternating current control unit 90, the modulation factor limiter 91, and the gate drive control unit 92 are included.
- the gate drive control unit 92 generates a gate drive signal SPWM (which comprehensively represents SPWMA and SPWMB) of the AC / DC converter 30 for controlling the effective current.
- SPWM which comprehensively represents SPWMA and SPWMB
- the AC voltage detector 81 is output from the generator 20 from the output of the voltage detector 67 arranged on the power line (corresponding to UL1, VL1, WL1 in FIG. 2) connecting the generator 20 and the AC / DC converter 30.
- the voltage (VU, VV, VW) of each phase (U phase, V phase, W phase) of the three-phase AC power is detected.
- the phase detector 85 outputs the phase ⁇ of the generator output from the detected value of the three-phase AC voltage (VU, VV, VW).
- the AC current detection unit 82 detects each phase current (IU, IV, IW) of the three-phase AC power of the generator 20 from the output of the current detector 61 also shown in FIG.
- the dq conversion unit 86 performs dq conversion on the three-phase voltage and the three-phase current using the AC voltage (VU, VV, VW), the AC current (IU, IV, IW), and the phase ⁇ .
- the dq converter 86 outputs a d-axis voltage Vd and a q-axis voltage Vq, and a d-axis current Id and a q-axis current Iq.
- the AC voltage control unit 87 generates a reactive current command value Id_ref from the dq converted voltage (Vd, Vq).
- the effective current command value adjustment unit 88 generates an effective current command value Iq_ref based on the generated voltage Vgn from the DC voltage detection unit 83 and the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref from the voltage command value adjustment unit 89. For example, the amount of increase (Vgn ⁇ Vgn_ref) with respect to the power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref, which is the target value of the power generation voltage Vgn, is multiplied by h (h: constant) from a predetermined steady-state active current command value (maximum value is 1 pu). ), The effective current command value Iq_ref is generated by subtracting the value (adjustment amount).
- the active current command value Iq_ref calculated by the active current command value adjusting unit 88 is limited to a predetermined range (for example, 0 to 110% of the rated current) by the active current command value limiter 97.
- the AC current controller 90 calculates the pulse width modulation factor MFpwm in the AC / DC converter 30 so that the current deviations ⁇ Iq and ⁇ Iq are set to 0 by feedback control calculation such as PI (proportional integration) control.
- the pulse width modulation factor MFpwm calculated by the alternating current control unit 90 is limited to a predetermined range by the modulation factor limiter 91 so that the AC / DC converter 30 is controlled in the stable operation region.
- the gate drive control unit 92 generates a gate drive signal SPWM for driving the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the AC / DC converter 30 according to the pulse width modulation rate MFpwm after passing through the modulation rate limiter 91. That is, the pulse width modulation factor MFpwm corresponds to an example of “first control output”, and the gate drive control unit 92 corresponds to an example of “first gate drive control unit”. Further, the AC current control unit 90 and the gate drive control unit 92 can constitute one embodiment of the “first drive control unit”.
- the gate drive signal SPWM is generated so as to control on / off of the W-phase (Q5, Q6) semiconductor switching element.
- the modulated wave of each phase is generated so as to have the same frequency as the generated power and to have an amplitude corresponding to the pulse width modulation rate.
- the AC / DC converter 30 can control the effective current supplied from the generator 20 by switching the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q6 (FIG. 2) according to the gate drive signal SPWM.
- the AC / DC converter 30 controls the effective current supplied from the generator 20 to the power conversion system 100 according to the active current command value Iq_ref, and the first DC / DC converter 40 generates power.
- the voltage Vgn (power line 31) is controlled according to the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref.
- the current collection voltage Vmdc of the power collection line 41 is controlled by the second DC / DC converter 50, and the power transmission voltage Vhdc of the power transmission line 51 is DC / AC. It is controlled by the converter 60.
- control device 1 includes a converter protection control unit 96 for protecting the device against overvoltage and overcurrent.
- the converter protection control unit 96 has a DC voltage (Vmdc) and a DC current (IINV, ILP1, ILP2, IDC1, IDC2) detected by the DC voltage detection unit 83 and the DC current detection unit 84, respectively.
- Vmdc DC voltage
- IINV DC current
- ILP1, ILP2, IDC1, IDC2 DC current
- the control device 1 includes a converter protection control unit 96 for protecting the device against overvoltage and overcurrent.
- Vmdc DC voltage
- IINV, ILP1, ILP2, IDC1, IDC2 DC current detection unit 83
- IDC1 DC current detection unit 84
- the gate signal when the gate signal is turned ON, the first DC / DC converter 40 is released from the gate block (gate deblock), and the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q18 are generated by the gate drive control unit 95. Switching is performed according to the first and second gate drive pulse signals PG ⁇ 1 and PG ⁇ 2.
- the control device 1 determines whether or not a decrease in the collected voltage Vmdc at the secondary side closest end of the first DC / DC converter 40 by the voltage detector 73 is detected in step S10. For example, when the collected voltage Vmdc is lowered to approximately 20% or less of the rated voltage, “decreasing the collected voltage” is detected, and step S10 is determined as YES. When a decrease in the collected voltage is detected, the processing after step S20 is started, and the control processing when a DC system fault occurs is started.
- step S20 the control device 1 determines whether at least one of the output currents IDC1 and IDC2 of the first DC / DC converter 40 by the current detectors 63 and 64 has exceeded the withstand current threshold Imax. That is, if at least one of
- step S20 is determined to be NO and normal AC / DC conversion is performed by steps S30 and S40.
- the controller 30 and the first DC / DC converter 40 are controlled. That is, as described in FIG. 5, the control of the direct current voltage (generated voltage Vgn) by the first DC / DC converter 40 (S30) and the control of the effective current by the AC / DC converter 30 (S40) are performed. Executed.
- step S20 when the overcurrent is detected (when YES is determined in S20), the control device 1 performs the first DC / DC conversion in order to prevent the overcurrent from flowing to each semiconductor switching element in step S50.
- the device 40 is gate-blocked.
- converter protection control unit 96 (FIG. 5) outputs a gate signal OFF command, thereby turning off each of semiconductor switching elements Q11-Q18.
- the control of the generated voltage Vgn by the first DC / DC converter 40 is stopped, and the generated voltage Vgn is increased by the inflow of power from the generator 20. come.
- step S60 the control device 1 determines whether or not the generated voltage Vgn detected by the voltage detector 71 exceeds the steady operation range (generally 110% of the rated voltage). Control device 1 adjusts the effective current command value of AC / DC converter 30 at step S70 when power generation voltage Vgn exceeds the steady operating range (when YES is determined in S60). Specifically, the effective current command value adjustment unit 88 (FIG. 5) determines the difference between the generated voltage Vgn (Vgn ⁇ 1.1pu) and the rated voltage of the generated voltage, that is, the amount of increase of the generated voltage with respect to the rated voltage.
- the adjusted value (adjustment amount) is subtracted from the active current command value (the maximum value during steady power transmission is 1 pu) to set the adjusted active current command value Iq_ref.
- the upper limit voltage (for example, 1.1 pu) in the steady operation range determined in step S60 corresponds to an example of “first voltage”.
- step S70 is skipped and the active current command value is not corrected.
- step S80 the control device 1 performs AC / DC so that the effective current Iq obtained by dq conversion of the three-phase alternating current (IU, IV, IW) detected by the current detector 61 follows the effective current command value Iq_ref.
- the effective current of the converter 30 is feedback-controlled.
- the effective current can be controlled by correcting the effective current command value according to the increase in the generated voltage. As a result, it is possible to suppress the amount of power flowing from the generator 20 and suppress the increase in the generated voltage Vgn.
- the control device 1 controls the effective current by the AC / DC converter 30 (S60 to S80) when a predetermined time has elapsed (when NO is determined in S90), the first DC is performed in steps S100 to S120. Auto-recovery control of the collected voltage by the DC / DC converter 40 is executed.
- the predetermined time is set to a time satisfying the FRT requirement, for example, about 20 to 100 [ms].
- the FRT requirement When a certain time that satisfies the condition elapses, the autonomous increase of the collected voltage by the first DC / DC converter 40 (S100) can be started.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the control process of the current rising voltage re-rise control in step S100.
- control device 1 turns on semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 (FIG. 3) of first DC / DC converter 40 in step S101.
- the control device 1 detects the converter current IINV based on the output of the current detector 115 in step S102, and converts the converter current IINV into the primary DC / DC converter 40 in step S103. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or lower than the rated current on the side.
- converter current IINV When converter current IINV is equal to or lower than the rated current (when YES is determined in S103), semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are kept on, while converter current IINV exceeds the rated current (NO in S103). At the time of determination), at step S104, the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are turned off.
- step S105 the control device 1 determines whether or not a time (T / 2) corresponding to a predetermined half of the switching cycle T has elapsed since the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 were turned on in step S101. Until (T / 2) elapses (NO in S105), the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are controlled to be turned on / off by steps S102 to S104.
- FIG. 8 shows a current path in the first DC / DC converter 40 in the re-rise control of the collected voltage.
- the current path 300 charges the smoothing capacitor C12 and also charges the primary-side smoothing capacitor C11 (FIG. 3) of the second DC / DC converter 50, which has been reduced due to a DC system fault.
- the collected voltage Vmdc can be increased.
- control device 1 turns off semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 in step S106. As a result, the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q14 are turned off. Further, in step S107, it is determined whether or not the switching period T has elapsed since the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 were turned on in step S101. The semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q14 are turned off until the switching period T has elapsed (S106). ) Is maintained.
- (T / 2) is the maximum value, and the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are extended over the length of time that IINV is maintained below the rated current.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 are extended over the length of time that IINV is maintained below the rated current.
- power can be supplied to the secondary side of the first DC / DC converter 40.
- the semiconductor switching elements Q11 to Q14 are turned off, power supply to the secondary side is stopped.
- the control device 1 returns the process to step S101 when the switching cycle T has elapsed (when YES is determined in S107).
- the ON period of the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 can be similarly controlled for each switching period T.
- the duty ratio at the time of firing the semiconductor switching elements Q11 and Q14 is limited to 50 (%) or less, and the converter current IINV is set to the rated current or less. It is adjusted within the range of 0 to 50 (%) so as to keep it.
- control device 1 determines whether or not an overcurrent has been detected in step S110 during execution of the re-rise control (S100) of the collected voltage, and in step S120, It is determined whether or not the collected voltage Vmdc has increased to 0.9 pu or more.
- the overcurrent detection in step S110 can be executed based on the same determination as in step S20.
- the control device 1 If the occurrence of an overcurrent is detected during execution of the recollection voltage re-rise control (S100) (when YES is determined in S110), the control device 1 detects that the system (collection line 41B) in which the DC line short-circuit accident has occurred. It is determined that it is not blocked, and the process returns to step S50. As a result, the first DC / DC converter 40 is gate-blocked again.
- control device 1 uses the first DC / DC converter 40 until the collected voltage Vmdc is 0.9 pu or more (NO determination in S120).
- the re-rise control (S100) of the collected voltage is continued.
- the control device 1 restarts the normal control of the first DC / DC converter 40 in step S130 when the collected voltage Vmdc rises to 0.9 pu or more (when YES is determined in S120).
- the power conversion system 100 starts the effective current control (S30) by the AC / DC converter 30 and the generated voltage by the first DC / DC converter 40 from the operation at the time of the accident at the time of overcurrent detection in step S50 and after. It returns to the steady power transmission operation by control (S40).
- the re-rise control of the collected voltage by the first DC / DC converter 40 (S ⁇ b> 100) Then, since the information on whether or not the current collecting line 41B) is cut off is autonomously started before being obtained by communication from the protection control device 3 (FIG. 4), the current collecting voltage Vmdc can be quickly recovered. it can. At this time, by performing overcurrent detection in step S110, even if the re-rise control of the collected voltage by the first DC / DC converter 40 is autonomously started, the DC line short-circuit accident is not interrupted, The control can be prevented from continuing.
- the first DC / DC conversion is performed by overcurrent protection.
- the effective current command value is adjusted according to the generated voltage Vgn and the AC / DC converter 30 controls the effective current, and then the first DC / DC converter 40
- the collected voltage can be increased again by autonomously changing the duty ratio.
- Embodiment 2 FIG. In the above-described first embodiment, the converter control at the time of a DC system fault of the current collecting system has been described. In the second embodiment, the operation at the time of an accident when an accident occurs in the AC system will be described.
- the configuration of the power conversion system 100 and the control during the steady power transmission operation are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus detailed description will not be repeated.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining the occurrence point of the AC system accident described in the second embodiment.
- the voltage control target of the second DC / DC converter 40 is selected from the current collection voltage Vmdc (primary side) of the power collection line 41 to the power transmission voltage Vhdc of the power transmission line 51.
- Vmdc primary side
- Vhdc the power transmission voltage
- the generated power cannot be transmitted in the wind power generation facility 2 due to the stop of the DC / AC converter 60, the generated power becomes excessive and the collected voltage rises.
- the transmission voltage Vhdc can be controlled to be constant by the DC / AC converter 60, but on the other hand, by the protection control in the AC distribution system 70, the DC / AC converter 60 to the AC distribution system 70. Power transmission to and from is prohibited or restricted. As a result, the generated power in the wind power generation facility 2 exceeds the transmitted power, so that the collected voltage rises inside the power conversion system 100. Thus, when an accident occurs in the AC power distribution system 70, an increase in the collected voltage in the power conversion system 100 becomes a problem.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a control process when an AC system fault occurs by the power conversion system according to the second embodiment.
- control device 1 determines whether or not increase in collected voltage Vmdc at the secondary side closest end of first DC / DC converter 40 by voltage detector 72 is detected. Determine whether.
- the collected voltage rises YES in S210
- the determination value (for example, 1.1 pu) in step S220 corresponds to an example of “second voltage”.
- the control device 1 When the detected value of the collected voltage Vmdc is less than 1.1 pu (when NO is determined in S220), the control device 1 performs the power generation voltage Vgn (1) by the first DC / DC converter 40 in steps S230 and S240. Control of the effective current input from the generator 20 by the AC / DC converter 30 is executed.
- the control device 1 causes the primary DC voltage (first DC / DC converter 40) (step S250).
- the voltage command value Vgn_ref of the power generation voltage Vgn) is adjusted.
- the voltage command value adjustment unit 89 performs a value (adjustment) according to the collected voltage Vmdc (detected value) and the amount of increase in the collected voltage with respect to the rated voltage (Vmdc ⁇ rated voltage). Amount) is subtracted from the power generation voltage command value (1.0 pu during steady power transmission) to set the adjusted power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref.
- the adjustment amount can be obtained by multiplying a value obtained by subtracting the rated voltage from the detected value of the collected voltage Vmdc by a predetermined coefficient.
- step S260 the control device 1 feedback-controls the generated voltage Vgn by the first DC / DC converter 40 in accordance with the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref adjusted in step S250.
- the upper limit value of the active current command value Iq_ref of the AC / DC converter 30 is limited by the active current command value limiter 97. Therefore, even if the power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref is lowered, there is a limit to the increase in the effective current command value Iq_ref so that the input power from the generator 20 to the power conversion system 100 is kept constant. As a result, the electric power flowing from the generator 20 (wind power generation facility 2) to the power conversion system 100 can be reduced by the reduction (S250) of the generated voltage command value Vgn_ref, so that the increase in the collected voltage Vmdc is suppressed. Is possible.
- the DC / AC converter 60 When the residual voltage of the AC system due to the AC system fault is greater than or equal to the lower limit (approximately 80%) of the steady operation range, the DC / AC converter 60 does not stop due to overcurrent, so the first DC / DC By lowering and controlling the primary side voltage (power generation voltage Vgn) of the converter 40, it is possible to suppress the increase in the collected voltage and continue power transmission.
- the lower limit approximately 80%
- the control device 1 detects an increase in the transmission voltage, and determines the voltage control target of the second DC / DC converter 50.
- the fluctuation of the transmission voltage is suppressed by switching from the collection voltage (collection line 41) to the transmission voltage (transmission line 51). Due to the switching of the control target, the problem is that the collected voltage rises next.
- step S270 the control device 1 causes the power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref) of the first DC / DC converter 40 to be equal to the steady-state operating voltage lower limit (approximately 80% of the rated voltage), and the voltage detector A phenomenon that occurs when the collected voltage Vmdc detected in 73 exceeds the steady operation range (approximately 110% or more of the rated voltage) is detected.
- the lower limit value of the steady operation voltage determined in step S270 corresponds to an example of “third voltage”.
- control device 1 adjusts active current command value Iq_ref of AC / DC converter 30 in step S280. . Specifically, as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 5, the detected value of the collected voltage Vmdc is input to the active current command value adjusting unit 88, and the current collection voltage Vmdc and the rated voltage of the collected voltage are calculated.
- the adjusted effective current command value Iq_ref can be set by subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the difference by the coefficient from the active current command value in the steady state (maximum value is 1 pu).
- step S290 the control device 1 feedback-controls the active current by the AC / DC converter 30 in accordance with the active current command value Iq_ref adjusted in step S280.
- the control device 1 continues the gate block in step S310 until it is determined in step S320 that a predetermined time has elapsed (NO in S320).
- the fixed time in step S320 can be set to approximately several tens [ms] to 100 [ms], for example, within a time that satisfies the FRT requirement.
- step S310 When the gate block in step S310 is continued for a certain period of time (when YES is determined in S320), the control device 1 switches the gate block of the inverter circuit 112 on the secondary side of the first DC / DC converter 40 in step S330. Then, the first DC / DC converter 40 is restarted. After the restart, the control of the generated voltage Vgn (primary DC voltage) by the first DC / DC converter 40 and the generator 20 by the AC / DC converter 30 are input in steps S230 and S240. The steady power transmission operation can be resumed by controlling the effective current.
- Vgn primary DC voltage
- the voltage command of the first DC / DC converter 40 when an AC system fault occurs and the DC system voltage increases, the voltage command of the first DC / DC converter 40 according to the increase in the collected voltage Vmdc.
- the value (power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref) By adjusting the value (power generation voltage command value Vgn_ref), the voltage control of the DC / DC converter 40 and the current limitation (effective current command value limiter 97) of the AC / DC converter 30 cause the current from the generator 20 to be adjusted. The inflow of generated power can be suppressed and power transmission can be continued.
- the AC / DC converter 30 is enabled according to the increase in the collected voltage Vmdc.
- Iq_ref By adjusting the current command value Iq_ref, it is possible to improve the operation continuity by suppressing the electric power flowing from the generator 20.
- the second DC / DC converter after the power generated by the wind power generation facility 2 is converted into a DC voltage (generated voltage) by the first DC / DC converter 40.
- a configuration example has been described in which power is collected at 50, boosted to the transmission voltage Vhdc, and high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC).
- the second DC / DC converter 50 may be connected to the DC / AC converter 60 and collected in the DC / AC converter 60 and transmitted to the AC distribution system 70 as a system configuration. It is.
- the first DC / DC converter 40 collects current with a boosted medium voltage, and the DC / AC converter 60 transmits power through an AC system.
- the collected voltage Vmdc is controlled by the DC / AC converter 60, and the rated value of the generated voltage Vgn is set to a higher voltage than the system configuration in which the DC / DC converter 50 is arranged.
- the system configuration in which the AC / DC converter 30 and the DC / DC converter 40 are arranged in each of the two generators 20 has been described.
- the effects described in the first and second embodiments can be obtained by controlling the AC / DC converter 30 and the DC / DC converter 40 in the same manner for each generator 20.
- the power conversion system 100 demonstrated the example which transmits the alternating current power from the generator 20 arrange
- alternating current is demonstrated.
- the point that the energy source of the generator 20 that supplies electric power is not limited to wind power is arbitrary.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態1に従う電力変換システム100の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図2を参照して、AC/DC変換器30は、3相ブリッジ回路を構成する自己消弧型の半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q6と、半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q6に逆並列接続されたダイオード素子D1~D6と、平滑コンデンサC1とを含む。半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q6としては、代表的にはIGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)を適用することが可能であるが、IGBTに限定されず、他の自己消弧型半導体スイッチング素子を用いるものことも可能である。半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q6は「第1の半導体スイッチング素子」に対応する。
図3を参照して、第1のDC/DC変換器40は、自励式の2つのフルブリッジ型のインバータ回路111,112と、絶縁用トランス(以下、単に「トランス」と称する)TR1と、平滑コンデンサC11,C12とを備える絶縁型DAB(Dual Active Bridge)構成である。なお、大電力送電用のDC/DC変換器は、複数の絶縁型DAB構成DC/DC変換回路を直並列に接続して、高電圧化した回路構成とされることが一般的であるが、説明の簡単化のため、1段構成の回路を例に説明する。
制御装置1Aには、電流検出器61A,63A,64Aによる電流検出値IACA,IDC1A,IDC2A、及び、電圧検出器71A,72Aによる電圧検出値VgnA,VmdcAが入力される。
上述の実施の形態1においては、集電系統の直流系統事故時の変換器制御について説明したが、実施の形態2では、交流系統での事故発生時における事故時運転について説明する。
Claims (7)
- 発電機で発電した交流電力を直流電力系統を介して交流電力系統に送電する電力変換システムであって、
前記発電機からの前記交流電力を第1の直流電圧の電力に変換して出力するAC/DC電力変換器と、
前記AC/DC電力変換器から出力された電力を第2の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記直流電力系統に出力するDC/DC電力変換器と、
前記AC/DC電力変換器及び前記DC/DC電力変換器を制御する制御装置と備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記発電機が出力する交流電流の有効電流成分及び無効電流成分が有効電流指令値及び無効電流指令値に追従するように前記AC/DC電力変換器を制御する第1の駆動制御部と、
前記第1の直流電圧が直流電圧指令値に追従するように前記DC/DC電力変換器を制御する第2の駆動制御部とを含み、
前記直流電力系統又は前記交流電力系統に事故が起きた場合に、前記第2の直流電圧の変動に応じて、前記有効電流指令値及び前記直流電圧指令値の少なくとも一方を低下させることにより、前記発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、電力変換システム。 - 前記電力変換システムは、複数の前記発電機で発電した交流電力を変換した直流電力を集電して前記交流電力系統に送電し、
前記AC/DC電力変換器及び前記DC/DC電力変換器、並びに、前記第1及び第2の駆動制御部は、各前記発電機に対応して配置され、
前記電力変換システムは、
各前記AC/DC電力変換器及び各前記DC/DC電力変換器の間を接続する第1の直流線路と、
各前記DC/DC電力変換器と接続された第2の直流線路とをさらに備え、
前記直流電力系統は、各前記第2の直流線路を互いに並列接続して構成され、
前記AC/DC電力変換器は、自己消弧型の複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフ制御によって、対応する前記発電機からの前記交流電力を前記第1の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記第1の直流線路へ出力し、
前記DC/DC電力変換器は、自己消弧型の複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフ制御によって、前記第1の直流線路に出力された前記第1の直流電圧の電力を、前記第2の直流電圧の電力に変換して前記第2の直流線路へ出力し、
前記制御装置は、各前記発電機に対応して、
前記発電機が出力する交流電圧の電圧値を検出する交流電圧検出部と、
前記発電機が出力する交流電流の電流値を検出する交流電流検出部と、
前記第1及び第2の直流電圧の電圧値を検出する直流電圧検出部と、
前記第1及び第2の直流線路に流れる電流値を検出する直流電流検出部とをさらに含み、
前記第1の駆動制御部は、
前記交流電圧及び前記交流電流に基づき、前記有効電流成分及び前記無効電流成分が前記有効電流指令値及び前記無効電流指令値に追従するように第1の制御出力を算出する交流電流制御部と、
前記第1の制御出力に応じて前記複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動するため第1のゲート駆動制御部とを有し、
前記第2の駆動制御部は、
前記第1の直流電圧が前記直流電圧指令値に追従するように第2の制御出力を算出する直流電圧制御部と、
前記第2の制御出力に従って前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動するため第2のゲート駆動制御部とを有し、
前記直流電力系統又は前記交流電力系統に短絡事故が起きた場合に、前記第1又は第2の直流電圧の変動に応じて、前記交流電流制御部への前記有効電流指令値の低下、及び、前記直流電圧制御部に与える前記直流電圧指令値の低下の少なくとも一方を実行することによって、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記AC/DC電力変換器は、
前記複数の第1の半導体スイッチング素子によって構成されるインバータ回路と、
前記インバータ回路の直流側において前記第1の直流線路と接続される平滑コンデンサとを含み、
前記制御装置は、
前記直流電圧検出部が検出した前記第1の直流電圧の検出値が第1の電圧以上になったことを検出すると、前記第1の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に比例した調整量の減算によって前記有効電流指令値を低下させる有効電流指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第1の電圧は、前記第1の直流電圧の前記定格電圧よりも高い電圧に予め設定され、
前記交流電流制御部は、低下された前記有効電流指令値に従って前記交流電流の前記有効電流成分を制御することで、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制する、請求項2に記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記DC/DC電力変換器は、
絶縁用トランスと、
第1及び第2の平滑コンデンサをさらに有し、
前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子は、前記絶縁用トランスの1次側に交流側が接続された第1のインバータ回路と、前記絶縁用トランスの2次側に交流側が接続された第2のインバータ回路とを構成し、
前記第1の平滑コンデンサは、前記第1のインバータ回路の直流側において前記第1の直流線路と接続されるとともに、前記第2の平滑コンデンサは、前記第2のインバータ回路の直流側において前記第2の直流線路と接続され、
前記制御装置は、
前記第2の直流電圧の検出値が第2の電圧以上になったことを検出すると、前記第2の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に比例した調整量の減算によって前記直流電圧指令値を低下させる電圧指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第2の電圧は、前記第2の直流電圧の前記定格電圧よりも高い電圧に予め設定され、
前記直流電圧指令値を低下に対して、前記交流電流制御部への前記有効電流指令値の上限値が有効電流リミッタで制限されることによって、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制することを特徴とする、請求項2記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記電圧指令値調整部によって低下された前記直流電圧指令値が第3の電圧となり、かつ、前記第2の直流電圧の検出値が前記第2の電圧以上であることが検出されると、前記第2の直流電圧の定格電圧に対する上昇量に応じて前記有効電流指令値を低下させる有効電流指令値調整部をさらに含み、
前記第3の電圧は、前記第1の直流電圧の定格電圧よりも低い電圧に予め定められ、
前記交流電流制御部は、低下された前記有効電流指令値に従って前記交流電流の前記有効電流成分を制御することで、前記対応する発電機から前記AC/DC電力変換器へ流入する電力を抑制する、請求項4記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記直流電圧検出部が検出した前記第1の直流電圧の検出値が予め定められた電圧よりも低下し、かつ、前記直流電流検出部が検出した前記第2の直流線路の電流が予め定められた上限電流よりも上昇すると、前記第2の直流線路の短絡事故を検知して、前記DC/DC電力変換器を一時的に停止させるとともに、前記DC/DC電力変換器の停止中において前記有効電流指令値調整部によって前記有効電流指令値を低下させる、請求項3に記載の電力変換システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第2の直流線路の短絡事故を検知すると、予め定められた時間が経過するまで前記DC/DC電力変換器を一時的に停止し、かつ、前記予め定められた時間が経過すると、前記DC/DC電力変換器について、前記第2の直流電圧の上昇制御を実行した後に、前記直流電圧制御部による前記第2の制御出力に従った制御に復帰させ、
前記DC/DC電力変換器は、前記上昇制御において、前記複数の第2の半導体スイッチング素子のデューティ比を、0から50%の範囲内で、かつ、前記DC/DC電力変換器を流れる電流が定格電流以下となるよう調整する、請求項6記載の電力変換システム。
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