JP6812551B2 - 前立腺特異的膜抗原結合タンパク質 - Google Patents
前立腺特異的膜抗原結合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2016年11月23日に出願された、米国仮特許出願第62/426,086号の利益を主張するものであり、該文献はその全体が引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は配列表を包含しており、これは、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出され、その全体を引用することで本明細書に組み込まれる。2017年11月22日に作成された上記ASCIIのコピーは、47517−707_601_SL.txtという名称であり、148,650バイトのサイズである。
本明細書に言及される全ての刊行物、特許、及び特許出願は、あたかも個々の刊行物、特許、又は特許出願が引用によって組み込まれるよう具体的かつ個別に示されるかのように、及びそれら全体において明記されるかのように、同じ程度まで引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書で使用される用語は、特定のケースだけを記載することを目的としており、本発明を限定することを意図していない。本明細書で使用されるように、単数形「1つ(a)」、「1つ(an)」、及び「その(the)」は、文脈上他の意味を明白に示すものでない限り、同様に複数形を含むことを意図している。さらに、用語「含むこと(including)」、「含む(includes)」「有すること(having)」、「有する(has)」、「とともに(with)」、又はその変形が、詳細な記載及び/又は請求項のいずれかで使用される程度まで、そのような用語は、用語「含む(comprising)」に類似した方法で含まれるように意図される。
前立腺特異的膜抗原結合タンパク質が本明細書で企図される。グルタミン酸塩カルボキシペプチダーゼIIとしても知られている前立腺特異的膜抗原(PSMA)、N−アセチル−α−連結した酸性ジペプチターゼI[Naaladase(NLP)I]、あるいは、葉酸ヒドロラーゼは、前立腺癌細胞と非前立腺固形腫瘍血管新生では高度に発現し、健康な前立腺、腎臓、肝臓、小腸、小腸、唾液腺、十二指腸の粘膜、近位尿細管、及び脳を含む他の組織ではより低いレベルで発言する事がわかっている750残基のII型膜貫通糖タンパク質である。PSMAは、単核の亜鉛活性部位を有するカルボキシペプチダーゼ(例えばカルボキシペプチダーゼA)、及び、二核の亜鉛活性部位を有するカルボキシ−及びアミノペプチダーゼを含む、亜鉛依存性エキソペプチダーゼのスーパーファミリーのメンバーである[例えば、カルボキシペプチダーゼG2(CPG2)、ペプチダーゼT及びV(PepT及びPepV)、ストレプトマイセス−グリセウスアミノペプチダーゼ(Sgap)、及びエロモナスプロテオリチカアミノペプチダーゼ(AAP)]。これらの溶解可能な単一ドメイン(例えばAAP)、あるいは二重ドメイン(例えばCPG2)亜鉛依存性エキソペプチダーゼを有する限定された相同領域に加えて、PSMAの全配列は少なくとも4つの他のヒトタンパク質に相同である:NLDL(回腸で発現;35%の同一性)、NLD2(卵巣、睾丸、及び脳で発現;67%の同一性)、トランスフェリン受容体(TfR)1(TfR1;ほとんどの細胞型で発現;26%の同一性)、及びTfR2(肝臓で優勢的に発現;28%の同一性)。
特定の実施形態において、PSMAタンパク質に結合する、抗PSMA抗体又は抗体変異体などの結合タンパク質が本明細書で提供される。幾つかの実施形態では、PSMAタンパク質は多量体である。PSMAタンパク質多量体は、本明細書で使用されるように、少なくとも2つのPSMAタンパク質あるいはその断片のタンパク質複合体である。PSMAタンパク質多量体は、完全長のPSMAタンパク質(例えば、SEQ ID NO:20)、組み換えの溶解可能なPSMA(rsPSMA、例えば、SEQ ID NO:20のアミノ酸44−750))、及び、(つまり、PSMAの二量体及び/又は高次の多量体の形成に必要なタンパク質ドメインを保持する)多量体を形成する前述の断片の様々な組み合わせから構成され得る。幾つかの実施形態において、多量体を形成するPSMAタンパク質の少なくとも1つは、組み換えの溶解可能なPSMA(rsPSMA)ポリペプチドである。幾つかの実施形態において、PSMAタンパク質多量体は、組み換えの溶解可能なPSMAタンパク質から形成されたものなどの二量体である。幾つかの実施形態において、rsPSMAはホモダイマーである。いかなる特定の理論によっても束縛されることなく、本明細書で言及されるPSMAタンパク質多量体は、固有立体配座を取ると信じられており、好ましくは、そのような立体配座を持つと信じられている。PSMAタンパク質は、特定の実施形態では、PSMAタンパク質多量体を形成するために一緒に非共有結合される。例えば、PSMAタンパク質が非変性条件下で二量体を形成するために非共有結合することが分かっている。PSMAタンパク質多量体はPSMAの活性を保持することができ、好ましくはPSMAの活性を保持する。PSMAタンパク質の活性は、特定の実施形態では、葉酸ヒドロラーゼ活性、NAALADase活性、ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ−IV活性、及びγ−グルタミルヒドロラーゼ活性などの酵素活性である。多量体のPSMA活性を試験するための方法は、当該技術分野で知られている(例えば、O’Keefe et al. in: Prostate Cancer: Biology, Genetics, and the New Therapeutics, L. W. K. Chung, W. B. Isaacs and J. W. Simons (eds.) Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., 2000, pp. 307−326によって精査される)。
治療用途のための結合タンパク質の設計において、例えば、標的の機能的活性を調節するタンパク質、及び/又は、より高い特異性を持つ結合タンパク質、及び/又は特定の細胞又は組織環境においてより生物利用可能で、安定し、又は可溶性である結合タンパク質などの改善された結合タンパク質を作成することが望ましい。
T細胞の応答の特異性は、T細胞受容体複合体によって抗原(主要組織適合複合体、MHCの文脈で表示される)の認識によって媒介される。T細胞受容体複合体の一部として、CD3は、細胞表面に存在する、CD3γ(ガンマ)鎖、CD3δ(デルタ)鎖、及び2つのCD3ε(イプシロン)鎖を含むタンパク質複合体である。T細胞受容体複合体を含むために、CD3は、CD3ζ(ゼータ)と同様に、T細胞受容体複合体のα(アルファ)とβ(ベータ)鎖と共に会合する。固定された抗CD3抗体などによるT細胞上でのCD3のクラスター形成は、T細胞受容体の結合と同様であるがそのクローンに典型的な特異性とは無関係の、T細胞活性化を引き起こす。
H2N−(A)−(B)−(C)−COOH、
H2N−(A)−(C)−(B)−COOH、
H2N−(B)−(A)−(C)−COOH、
H2N−(B)−(C)−(A)−COOH、
H2N−(C)−(B)−(A)−COOH、又は
H2N−(C)−(A)−(B)−COOH。
本明細書に記載されるPSMA結合タンパク質は、(i)アミノ酸が遺伝子コードによってコードされるものではないアミノ酸残基で置換され、(ii)成熟ポリペプチドがポリエチレングリコールなどの別の化合物と融合され、又は、(iii)追加のアミノ酸が、リーダー配列、分泌配列、或いは免疫原ドメインを遮断するための及び/又はタンパク質の精製のための配列などのタンパク質に融合される、誘導体又はアナログを包含する。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載されるPSMA結合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド分子も提供される。幾つかの実施形態において、ポリヌクレオチド分子はDNA構築物として提供される。他の実施形態において、ポリヌクレオチド分子はメッセンジャーRNA転写物として提供される。
幾つかの実施形態において、PSMA結合タンパク質の産生のプロセスが本明細書に開示される。幾つかの実施形態において、上記プロセスは、PSMA結合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列を含むベクターで形質転換又はトランスフェクトされた宿主を、PSMA結合タンパク質の発現を可能にする条件下で培養すること、及び培養物から生成されたタンパク質を回収且つ精製することを含む。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載されるPSMA結合タンパク質、PSMA結合タンパク質のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター、或いはこのベクター及び少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容可能な担体によって形質転換された宿主細胞を含む、医薬組成物も提供される。用語「薬学的に許容可能な担体」としては、限定されないが、成分の生物学的活性の有効性に干渉せず、かつ、投与される患者にとって毒性ではない任意の担体が挙げられる。適切な医薬担体の例は当該技術分野で周知であり、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、水、油/水エマルジョンなどのエマルジョン、様々なタイプの湿潤剤、無菌液などを含む。こうした担体は、従来の方法によって製剤することができ、適切な投与量で被験体に投与可能である。好ましくは、組成物は無菌である。これらの組成物は、保存剤、乳化剤、及び分散剤などのアジュバントを更に含み得る。微生物の作用の予防は、様々な抗菌剤及び抗真菌剤の包含によって保証され得る。
幾つかの実施形態において、PSMA結合タンパク質、又は本明細書に記載されるPSMA結合タンパク質を含む多特異性結合タンパク質の投与を含む、必要とする個体の免疫系を刺激するための方法及び使用も提供される。幾つかの例において、本明細書に記載されるPSMA結合タンパク質の投与は、標的抗原を発現する細胞への細胞毒性を引き起こす、及び/又は持続させる。幾つかの例において、細胞は、癌細胞、ウイルス感染細胞、細菌感染細胞、自己反応性のT又はB細胞、損傷を受けた赤血球、動脈プラーク、或いは繊維症の組織である。
親の抗PSMAファージの特徴づけ
PSMA抗原への親の抗PSMAファージの特異的結合を判定した(表1)。
3つのCDRドメインの各々に対して単置換ライブラリを提供した。単置換ライブラリをカニクイザルPSMAに結合し、その後、30分間バッファー中で洗浄した。0分及び30分で結合されたファージを取り出し、計数した。バッファー中で30分間の洗浄を用いて選択されたファージを使用して、2つの独立した組み合わせのファージライブラリを作成した。
カニクイザルPSMAを、3回の選択の選択標的として使用した。3回の選択のための2つの独立したライブラリからの組み合わせのファージの結合の後、ウェルを2〜4時間洗浄した。3回目の選択からのInserts PCRedを、p34発現ベクターへとサブクローン化した。96個のクローンを選び、DNAを精製し、配列決定し、Expi293細胞へとトランスフェクトした。
3つのCDRドメインの各々に対して単置換ライブラリを提供した。単置換ライブラリをヒトPSMAに結合し、その後、30μg/mlのh PSMA−Fcを含むバッファー中で24時間洗浄した。0時間及び24時間で結合されたファージを取り出し、計数した。24時間の競合的な洗浄を用いて選択されたファージを使用して、組み合わせのファージライブラリを作成した。
ヒトPSMAを、3回の選択の選択標的として使用した。3回の結合のための組み合わせのファージの結合の後、30μg/ml〜850μg/mlのヒトPSMA−Fcを含むバッファー中でウェルを洗浄した。3回目の選択からのInserts PCRedを、p34発現ベクターへとサブクローン化した。96個のクローンを選び、DNAを精製し、配列決定し、Expi293細胞へとトランスフェクトした。
上清を使用し、OCTET(登録商標)システムを用いてヒト及びカニクイザルのPSMAに対するKd、kon、及びkoff(又はkdis)を評価した。様々なクローンを、親のsdAbと同様に強健な産生、凝集、及び安定性プロファイルと比較して、その結合親和性、及びヒトPSMAとの相互作用に対する会合及び解離速度定数に基づいて、更なる特徴づけ(表1)のために選択した。親のsdAbを表1の抗PSMA wt sdAb.6hisとして列挙する。
三重特異性分子の配列を、リーダー配列が先行し、6xヒスチジンタグ(Histidine Tag)(SEQ ID NO:33)が後続する、哺乳動物発現ベクターpCDNA 3.4(Invitrogen)へとクローン化した。Expi293F細胞(Life Technologies A14527)を、Expi293培地中の0.2−8x1e6細胞/mlでOptimum Growth Flasks(Thomson)中の懸濁液において維持した。精製されたプラスミドDNAを、Expi293 Expression System Kit(Life Technologies A14635)プロトコルに従って、Expi293細胞へトランスフェクトし、トランスフェクション後4−6日間維持した。調整培地を、親和性及び脱塩クロマトグラフィーによって部分的に精製した。続いて、三重特異性タンパク質を、イオン交換によって磨き、又は代替的に、Amicon Ultraの遠心濾過ユニット(EMD Millipore)で濃縮し、Superdex 200のサイズ排除培地(GE Healthcare)に適用し、賦形剤を含有している中性バッファー中に溶解した。フラクションプール(Fraction pooling)及び最終的な純度を、SDS−PAGE及び分析的なSECによって評価した。
異なるCD3結合ドメインを有するPSMA標的化三重特異性分子を調べて、CD3親和性を変える効果を実証した。例示的なPSMA標的化三重特異性分子を図1に示す。表2は、3つの結合パートナー(PSMA、CD3、HSA)に対する各分子の親和性を列挙する。Octet器機(Pall Forte Bio)を使用したバイオ層インターフェロメトリーによって親和性を測定した。CD3親和性の減少は、T細胞媒介性細胞毒性の観点で効力の損失に繋がる(図2A−C)。これら三重特異性分子の薬物動態学的特性をカニクイザルにおいて評価した。CD3様のTriTAC C236に対して高親和性を有する分子には、およそ90時間の末端半減期がある(図3)。T細胞上でCD3に結合する能力の改変にもかかわらず、図4に示される異なるCD3親和性を有する2つの分子の末端半減期は、非常に類似している。しかし、CD3親和性の減少は、より大きな体積の分布に繋がると考えられ、これはT細胞による三重特異性分子の隔離の減少と一貫している。研究期間中に、有害な臨床観察、又は注記された体重変化はなかった。
異なるPSMA結合ドメインを有するPSMA標的化三重特異性分子を調べて、PSMA親和性を変える効果を実証した。表3は、3つの結合パートナー(PSMA、CD3、HSA)に対する各分子の親和性を列挙する。PSMA親和性の減少は、T細胞媒介性細胞毒性の観点で効力の損失に繋がる(図5A−C)。
例示的なPSMA標的化三重特異性分子C324を、マウスにおける腫瘍の増殖を阻害する能力について評価した。この実験のために、ヒトT細胞で再構成された免疫無防備状態のマウスの皮下に、PSMA発現ヒト前立腺腫瘍細胞(22Rv1)を播種し、0.5mg/kgのPSMA標的化BiTE又はTriTAC分子の何れかを静脈内投与することで10日間毎日処置した。腫瘍増殖を30の間測定した。実験期間にわたり、三重特異性分子は、BiTE分子に匹敵する効果を持つ腫瘍増殖を阻害することができた(図6)。
PSMA標的化TriTAC分子の特異性を評価するために、腫瘍細胞を死滅させるためにT細胞を誘導するそれらの能力を、PSMAに対して陰性である腫瘍細胞で試験した(図7A)。EGFR標的化TriTAC分子は陽性対照として機能し、GFP標的化TriTAC分子は陰性対照として機能した。異なるPSMA結合ドメインを有する3つ全てのTriTACは、PSMA陽性細胞株LNCaPに対して予想された活性を示したが(図7B)、PSMA陰性腫瘍細胞株KMS12BM及びOVCAR8のEC50には到達しなかった(図7C及び7D)。EC50を表4にまとめる。非常に高いTriTAC濃度(>1nM)において、幾つかの制限されたオフターゲット細胞死滅をTriTACs C362及びC363に対して観察できたが、C364は試験条件の何れかにおいて有意な細胞死滅を示さなかった。
4つのPSMA標的化三重特異性分子を、低濃度(33.3μg/ml)でカニクイザル血清において48時間インキュベートするか、或いは、カニクイザル血清において5回の凍結と解凍のサイクルにさらした。処置後、TriTAC分子の生物活性を、細胞死滅アッセイにおいて分析し、未処置のサンプル(「陽性対照」、図8A−D)と比較した。全ての分子は、それらの細胞死滅活性の大部分を維持した。TriTAC C362には最もストレス耐性があり、ここで試験した条件下で活性を損失しないと考えられた。
例示的なPSMA標的化三重特異性タンパク質を異種移植片モデルにおいて評価する。
これは、前立腺癌に対する処置としての実施例1のPSMA標的化抗原結合タンパク質を試験するための第I/II相臨床試験である。
1.1 最大耐用量(MTD)は、試験の第I相のセクションで判定される。
1.2 適格基準を満たす患者は、以前の実施例のPSMA標的化三重特異性タンパク質の試験にエントリーする。
1.3 目標は、参加者の重度の又は対処不可能な副作用なしに安全に投与可能な以前の実施例のPSMA標的化三重特異性タンパク質の最大投与量を同定することである。与えられる投与量は、先の試験に登録された参加者の数及び投与量に対してどれほど十分に耐性があるかに依存する。全ての参加者が同じ投与量を受けるとは限らない。
2.1 続く第II相のセクションでは、以前の実施例のPSMA標的化三重特異性タンパク質の治療薬による治療の結果が少なくとも20%の反応率となるかどうかを判定することを目標として、MTDにて処置が行われる。
第II相に対する一次転帰 −−− 以前の実施例のPSMA標的化三重特異性タンパク質の治療の結果、患者の少なくとも20%が、臨床反応(爆発的な反応、わずかな反応、部分的な反応、又は完全な反応)を達成するかどうかを判定する
2001年〜2007年までの、現行のWorld Health Organisation Classificationに従い組織学的に確認された、新たに診断された侵襲性の前立腺癌。
疾患のあらゆる段階。
ドセタセル及びプレドニゾンでの処置(+/−手術)。
年齢≧18歳
カルノフスキーパフォーマンス状況≧50%又はECOGパフォーマンスステータス0−2
平均寿命≧6週間
この研究を行い、例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質の活性がLNCaP細胞又は単細胞ドナーに限定されないことを実証した。
この研究を行い、活性化T細胞によるアッセイ培地へのサイトカインの分泌を測定することにより、再指示されたT細胞死滅アッセイ中に、例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質によるT細胞の活性化を実証した。
この研究を行い、PSMA発現細胞株を死滅させるようカニクイザルのT細胞を導く例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質の能力を試験した。
この研究を行い、例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質がT細胞に標的細胞を死滅させるよう導いたときにT細胞が活性化されたかどうかを評価した。
この研究を追加の方法として使用し、T細胞が標的細胞を死滅させるよう再び導かれたときに例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質はT細胞を活性化することができたことを実証した。
この研究を行い、T細胞にLNCaP細胞株を死滅させるよう再び導く、SEQ ID No:156で述べられるような配列を持つ例示的なPSMA三重特異性抗原結合タンパク質の能力を試験した。
Claims (8)
- SEQ ID NO:20を含む前立腺特異的膜抗原(PSMA)ポリペプチドに特異的に結合することができる単離された単一ドメイン抗体であって、
ここで、前記単一ドメイン抗体は、以下の相補性決定領域(CDR):
(i)SEQ ID NO:5の配列を含むCDR1、
(ii)SEQ ID NO:17の配列を含むCDR2、および
(iii)SEQ ID NO:15の配列を含むCDR3
を含む、
単離された単一ドメイン抗体。 - 前記単一ドメイン抗体はSEQ ID NO:32のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1に記載の単離された単一ドメイン抗体。
- 前記単一ドメイン抗体は三重特異性タンパク質の一部である、請求項2に記載の単離された単一ドメイン抗体。
- 前記三重特異性タンパク質はSEQ ID NO:153のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項3に記載の単離された単一ドメイン抗体。
- 請求項1に記載の前記単一ドメイン抗体をコードする単離されたポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項5に記載の前記ポリヌクレオチドを含む単離されたベクター。
- 請求項6に記載の前記ベクターで形質転換された、単離された宿主細胞。
- (i)請求項1に記載の前記単一ドメイン抗体および(ii)薬学的に許容可能な担体を含む医薬組成物。
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- 2017-11-22 AU AU2017363300A patent/AU2017363300A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2017-11-22 KR KR1020217020580A patent/KR20210087108A/ko not_active Ceased
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JP2021061842A (ja) * | 2016-11-23 | 2021-04-22 | ハープーン セラピューティクス,インク. | 前立腺特異的膜抗原結合タンパク質 |
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US20210100902A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
JP2021061842A (ja) | 2021-04-22 |
IL266800A (en) | 2019-08-29 |
WO2018098354A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
BR112019010604A2 (pt) | 2019-12-17 |
CN110198955A (zh) | 2019-09-03 |
JP2020501532A (ja) | 2020-01-23 |
US20180161428A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
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MX2019006043A (es) | 2019-09-26 |
EP3544997A1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
KR20210087108A (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
EA201991168A1 (ru) | 2019-12-30 |
US10849973B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
CA3044659A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
EP3544997A4 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
KR102275008B1 (ko) | 2021-07-13 |
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