JP6781394B2 - 低温特性に優れる微多孔膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
低温特性に優れる微多孔膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6781394B2 JP6781394B2 JP2016070962A JP2016070962A JP6781394B2 JP 6781394 B2 JP6781394 B2 JP 6781394B2 JP 2016070962 A JP2016070962 A JP 2016070962A JP 2016070962 A JP2016070962 A JP 2016070962A JP 6781394 B2 JP6781394 B2 JP 6781394B2
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- microporous membrane
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- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003355 Novatec® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N lisinopril Chemical compound C([C@H](N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100023124 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) mfr2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Description
(工程1)ポリプロピレン系重合体をドラフト比80以上で押出成形して原反フィルムを製膜する工程。
(工程2)工程1で得られた原反フィルムをポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも5〜65℃低い温度で、熱処理する工程。
(工程3)工程2で得られた熱処理後の原反フィルムを、−5〜45℃で、長さ方向に1.0〜1.10倍に冷延伸する工程。
(工程4)工程3で得られた冷延伸後の延伸フィルムを、ポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも15〜65℃低い温度で、長さ方向に1.5〜4.5倍に温延伸する工程。
(工程5)工程4で得られた温延伸後のフィルムを、工程4の温延伸の温度よりも0〜20℃高い温度で加熱し、長さが0.7〜1.0倍になるように弛緩させる工程。
本発明の微多孔膜の原料は、ポリオレフィン系重合体などの熱可塑性樹脂が用いられる。なかでもポリプロピレン系重合体が好ましく、プロピレンの単独重合体あるいはコモノマーを共重合した共重合体が利用できる。本発明で使用するポリプロピレン系重合体としては、結晶性が比較的高い、融点が150〜170℃の範囲にあるものが好ましく、融点が155〜168℃の範囲にあるものがさらに好ましい。上記コモノマーは、一般的には、エチレンおよび炭素数4〜8のα−オレフィンから選ばれる少なくとも1種である。またこれらと共に、2−メチルプロペン、3−メチル−1−ブテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテンなどの炭素数4〜8の分岐オレフィン類、スチレン類、ジエン類を共重合したものであってもよい。
本発明の微多孔膜は、上述の原料を用いて、以下の工程1〜5を含む乾式法によって製造することができる。以下においては、熱可塑性樹脂としてポリプロピレン系重合体を用いた例で説明する。
Mettler Toledo社製DSC822を用い、該装置の取扱説明書に沿ってサンプルをセットした後、20℃/minで10℃から230℃まで昇温したときのサンプルの融解に伴う吸熱ピークにおけるピークトップの温度とした。
幅50mm×長さ120mmの微多孔膜切片について、以下の計算式により算出した値である。
空孔率(%)=[1−(切片重量)/(切片面積×樹脂密度×切片厚み)]×100
微多孔膜を直径72mmの円形に切抜き、ダイヤルゲージ(測定子直径5mm、測定荷重1.5N)を用い、JIS K 7130(1992)A−2法に準じて、任意の15ヶ所について厚みを測定した。その15ヶ所の値の平均値を膜厚とした。
正極活物質として、LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2を用いて、正極を作製した。負極活物質として、被覆系天然黒鉛を用いて負極を作製した。正極、負極をそれぞれ30mm×50mmのサイズに打抜き、充分乾燥した後、セパレータを介して対向させ、Alラミネート内に挿入し、1M−LiPF6/3EC/7MEC電解液を注液、減圧含浸後、真空シールして評価セルを作製した。
評価セルを4.2V−2.7V、0.2CAで充放電3サイクル実施し、再度4.2Vまで充電した。周波数;50KHz、振幅;10mV、温度;25℃で交流インピーダンスを測定し、この値をイオン抵抗とした。
イオン抵抗を測定したセルを用いて、周波数;50KHz〜0.1Hz、振幅;10mV、温度;25℃で交流インピーダンスを測定し、測定により得られる半円の直径を反応抵抗とした。
評価セルを4.2V−2.7V、0.5CA、0℃で充放電10サイクル実施し、10サイクル目放電容量/1サイクル目放電容量の比を求め、限界負荷特性とした。
(原料)プロピレン重合体1を使用した。(工程1)単軸押出機で溶融混練した原料をドラフト比159でTダイから押出し、厚さ22μmの原反フィルムを製造した。(工程2)次いで、原反フィルムを150℃で熱処理した。(工程3)原反フィルムを30℃で長さ方向に1.03倍に冷延伸した。(工程4)得られた延伸フィルムを145℃で長さ方向に2.9倍に温延伸した。(工程5)得られた延伸フィルムの長さが0.87倍になるように150℃で弛緩させた。さらに後処理として、幅方向に、1.1倍拡幅処理を行った。こうして最終厚みが19.4μmの本発明の微多孔膜が得られた。得られた微多孔膜のイオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を上述の方法で測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
市販のセルガード社製セパレータ(セルガード(登録商標)2320)を用いて、イオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
(原料)プロピレン重合体2を使用し実施例2とした。微多孔膜の製造は、実施例1の(工程5)で、得られた延伸フィルムの長さが0.87倍になるように150℃で弛緩させたのち、後処理をすることなく最終厚みが15.0μmの微多孔膜を製造した以外は、実施例1と同じ工程によって製造した。得られた微多孔膜のイオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を上述の方法で測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
(原料)プロピレン重合体3を使用し実施例3とした。微多孔膜の製造は、実施例1の(工程5)で、得られた延伸フィルムの長さが0.87倍になるように150℃で弛緩させたのち、後処理をすることなく最終厚みが20.0μmの微多孔膜を製造した以外は、実施例1と同じ工程によって製造した。得られた微多孔膜のイオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を上述の方法で測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
(原料)プロピレン重合体4を使用し実施例4とした。微多孔膜の製造は、実施例1の(工程5)で、得られた延伸フィルムの長さが0.87倍になるように150℃で弛緩させたのち、後処理として、無機材料でコーティング処理を行って、最終厚みが17.0μmの微多孔膜を製造した以外は、実施例1と同じ工程によって製造した。コーティング処理としては、アルミナ(AEROXIDE AluC、平均粒子径0.1μm)とPVDF(アルケマ(株)社製Kyner HSV 500)とN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)からなる、アルミナとPVDFが均一に分散した固形分濃度12重量%の無機耐熱層剤を、基材フィルムの片面に無機耐熱層剤をグラビアコーターで塗工し、耐熱層剤つき基材フィルムを温度95℃の乾燥炉中で搬送し、耐熱層剤を乾燥・固化した。
得られた微多孔膜のイオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を上述の方法で測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
(原料)プロピレン重合体5を使用し実施例5とした。微多孔膜の製造は、実施例1の(工程5)で、得られた延伸フィルムの長さが0.87倍になるように150℃で弛緩させたのち、後処理をすることなく、最終厚みが20.5μmの微多孔膜を製造した以外は、実施例1と同じ工程によって製造した。得られた微多孔膜のイオン抵抗、反応抵抗および限界負荷特性を上述の方法で測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
Claims (13)
- 熱可塑性樹脂からなり、以下の(工程1)〜(工程5)を含む製造方法で製造された微多孔膜であって、
イオン抵抗が0.20以下であり、反応抵抗が0.45以下であり、全抵抗が0.60以下であることを特徴とする微多孔膜。
(工程1)融点が150〜170℃の範囲にあり、メルトマスフローレイト(MFR、JIS K6758(230℃、21.18N)に準拠した条件で測定)が0.1〜10g/10分の範囲にあるポリプロピレン系重合体をドラフト比80以上で押出成形して原反フィルムを製膜する工程。
(工程2)工程1で得られた原反フィルムをポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも5〜65℃低い温度で、熱処理する工程。
(工程3)工程2で得られた熱処理後の原反フィルムを、−5〜45℃で、長さ方向に1.0〜1.08倍に冷延伸する工程。
(工程4)工程3で得られた冷延伸後の延伸フィルムを、ポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも15〜65℃低い温度で、長さ方向に2.8〜3.5倍に温延伸する工程。
(工程5)工程4で得られた温延伸後のフィルムを、工程4の温延伸の温度よりも0〜20℃高い温度で加熱し、長さが0.7〜1.0倍になるように弛緩させる工程。 - 微多孔膜の膜厚が10〜30μm、換算膜厚が25〜70である、請求項1に記載の微多孔膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリプロピレンである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の微多孔膜。
- 蓄電デバイスのセパレータに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微多孔膜。
- 蓄電デバイスがリチウムイオン電池である、請求項4に記載の微多孔膜。
- 蓄電デバイスがキャパシタである、請求項4に記載の微多孔膜。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微多孔膜を備える蓄電デバイス。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微多孔膜を備えるリチウムイオン電池。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微多孔膜を備えるキャパシタ。
- 以下の工程を含む、微多孔膜の製造方法。
(工程1)融点が150〜170℃の範囲にあり、メルトマスフローレイト(MFR、JIS K6758(230℃、21.18N)に準拠した条件で測定)が0.1〜10g/10分の範囲にあるポリプロピレン系重合体をドラフト比80以上で押出成形して原反フィルムを製膜する工程。
(工程2)工程1で得られた原反フィルムをポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも5〜65℃低い温度で、熱処理する工程。
(工程3)工程2で得られた熱処理後の原反フィルムを、−5〜45℃で、長さ方向に1.0〜1.08倍に冷延伸する工程。
(工程4)工程3で得られた冷延伸後の延伸フィルムを、ポリプロピレン系重合体の融点よりも15〜65℃低い温度で、長さ方向に2.8〜3.5倍に温延伸する工程。
(工程5)工程4で得られた温延伸後のフィルムを、工程4の温延伸の温度よりも0〜20℃高い温度で加熱し、長さが0.7〜1.0倍になるように弛緩させる工程。 - 工程1において、ポリプロピレン系重合体が、エチレン、炭素数4〜8のα−オレフィンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい、プロピレン主体の重合体であるポリプロピレン系重合体を押出成形することを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 工程1において、80〜250のドラフト比で押出成形することを特徴とする、請求項10または請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 工程3において、長さ方向に1.02〜1.05倍に延伸することを特徴とする、請求項10〜12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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