JP6760071B2 - 蓄電デバイス用外装材及び蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス用外装材及び蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6760071B2 JP6760071B2 JP2016554128A JP2016554128A JP6760071B2 JP 6760071 B2 JP6760071 B2 JP 6760071B2 JP 2016554128 A JP2016554128 A JP 2016554128A JP 2016554128 A JP2016554128 A JP 2016554128A JP 6760071 B2 JP6760071 B2 JP 6760071B2
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Description
本発明の一実施形態について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本実施形態の蓄電デバイス用外装材(以下、単に「外装材」と称する。)1を示す断面図である。
金属箔11としては、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、銅、ニッケル等からなる各種金属箔を使用することができ、これらのうち、防湿性、延展性等の加工性、コスト等の面からはアルミニウム箔が好ましく、剛性の面からは銅箔又はニッケル箔が好ましい。アルミニウム箔としては、一般の軟質アルミニウム箔を用いることができる。なかでも、耐ピンホール性及び成型時の延展性に優れる点から、鉄を含むアルミニウム箔が好ましい。
被覆層13は、蓄電デバイスを製造する際のシール工程における耐熱性や、電解液が付着しても変質しない電解液耐性を付与するとともに、加工や流通の際に起こり得るピンホールの発生を抑制する役割を果たす。
第一の腐食防止層12及び第二の腐食防止層14(以下、「腐食防止層」という)は、電解液や、電解液と水分の反応により発生するフッ酸による金属箔11の腐食を抑制する役割を果たす。また、金属箔11と接着層15との(第一の腐食防止層12上にも接着層を設ける場合は、さらに金属箔11と当該接着層との)密着力を高める役割を果たす。
接着層15は、第二の腐食防止層14が形成された金属箔11とシーラント層16とを接着する層である。外装材1は、接着層15を形成する接着成分によって、熱ラミネート構成とドライラミネート構成との大きく二つに分けられる。
シーラント層16は、外装材1においてヒートシールによる封止性を付与する層である。シーラント層16としては、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、又はポリオレフィン系樹脂を無水マレイン酸等の酸を用いてグラフト変性させた酸変性ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる樹脂フィルムが挙げられる。
以下、本実施形態の外装材1の製造方法について説明する。具体的には、同製造方法として下記工程(1)〜(3)を有する方法が挙げられるが、下記内容は一例であり、外装材1の製造方法は下記の内容に限定されない。
金属箔11の両面に、例えば腐食防止処理剤を塗布し、これを乾燥して第一の腐食防止層12及び第二の腐食防止層14を形成する。腐食防止処理剤としては、前記したセリアゾール処理用の腐食防止処理剤、クロメート処理用の腐食防止処理剤等が挙げられる。腐食防止処理剤の塗布方法は特に限定されず、グラビアコート、リバースコート、ロールコート、バーコート等、各種方法を採用できる。あるいは、金属箔11の表面を酸化処理することにより、金属箔11の両面に金属箔11を構成する金属に由来する金属酸化物の層(第一の腐食防止層12及び第二の腐食防止層14)を形成する。なお、金属箔11の一方の面を腐食防止処理剤により処理し、他方の面を酸化処理してもよい。
金属箔11の第一の面に形成された第一の腐食防止層12上に、被覆層となる被覆層用原料(樹脂材料)を塗布し、これを乾燥して被覆層13を形成する。塗布方法は特に限定されず、グラビアコート、リバースコート、ロールコート、バーコート等、各種方法を採用できる。塗工後は、例えば60℃にて7日間のエージング処理で硬化促進を得ることができる。
被覆層13、第一の腐食防止層12、金属箔11及び第二の腐食防止層14がこの順に積層された積層体の、第二の腐食防止層14上に接着層15を形成し、積層体とシーラント層16を形成する樹脂フィルムを貼り合わせる。この際、接着層15及びシーラント層16を共押出ししすることで積層体に積層することもできる。なお、シーラント層16を形成する樹脂フィルムの両面のうち、少なくとも接着層15と貼り合わされる一方の面はコロナ処理されていてもよい。
このようにして得られた外装材1を2枚用意してシーラント層16同士を対向させ、あるいは1枚の外装材1を折り返してシーラント層16同士を対向させ、内部に発電要素や端子となるタブ部材等を配置し、周縁をヒートシールにより接合することで、外装材1を用いた蓄電デバイスのセルが完成する。すなわち、本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイスは、上記蓄電デバイス用外装材から、前記シーラント層が内側となるようにして形成された容器を備える、蓄電デバイスであるということができる。
[使用材料]
参考例及び比較例の外装材の作製に使用した材料を以下に示す。
接着剤B−1:ポリエステルウレタン系接着剤(ポリエステルポリオール及びポリイソシアネートからなる2液硬化型の接着剤:層厚5μm)
腐食防止層C−1:酸化セリウム層(層厚100nm)
腐食防止層C−2:酸化クロム層(層厚100nm)
腐食防止層C−3:酸化アルミ層(層厚100nm)
金属箔D−1:軟質アルミニウム箔8079材(東洋アルミニウム社製、厚さ30μm)
腐食防止層E−1:酸化セリウム層(層厚100nm)
接着樹脂F−1:無水マレイン酸でグラフト変性したポリプロピレン系樹脂(商品名「アドマー」、三井化学社製、層厚20μm)
フィルムG−1:シーラント層側腐食防止層E−1側の面をコロナ処理した無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム(層厚40μm)
金属箔D−1の一方の面に腐食防止層E−1をダイレクトグラビア塗工にて形成した。次に腐食防止層E−1が形成されていない金属箔D−1の他方の面に、腐食防止層C−1、C−2又はC−3をダイレクトグラビア塗工にて形成した。参考例においては、金属箔D−1において腐食防止層C−1、C−2又はC−3を形成した面に、それぞれ被覆層用原料A−1(参考例1)〜A−20(参考例24)のいずれかを塗工し、被覆層を形成した。
以下の方法に従って各種評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
各例で得られた外装材を、150mm×190mmのブランク形状に切り取り、室温23℃、露点温度−35℃の成型環境下で成型深さを変化させながら冷間成型し、成型性を評価した。
「A」:破断、クラックを生じさせずに、成型深さ4mm以上の深絞り成型が可能である。
「B」:破断、クラックを生じさせずに、成型深さ3mm以上4mm未満の深絞り成型が可能である。
「C」:成型深さ3mm未満の深絞り成型で破断、クラックが生じる。
各例で得られた外装材の被覆層に、微量の水(1500ppm)を添加した電解液(エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート/ジエチルカーボネート=1:1:1wt%、LiPF6、1M)を滴下し、24時間放置後イソプロピルアルコールで拭き取った。その後、滴下箇所の外観を評価した。
「S」:電解液を滴下した箇所が認識できず、経時変化もみられない。
「A」:電解液を滴下した箇所が認識できない。
「B」:電解液を滴下した箇所に輪郭が発生するが、溶解及び損傷を受けていない。
「C」:電解液を滴下した箇所が電解液により溶解又は損傷を受けている。
各例で得られた外装材から、50mm×200mmの短冊状のサンプルを二枚切り取った。そして、サンプルの被覆層同士を向い合せた状態で、加温したヒートシールバーで10秒間挟み込み、被覆層同士が接着しているかを評価した。
「A」:ヒートシール温度210℃でも接着していなかった。
「B」:ヒートシール温度200℃で接着していなかったが、210℃で接着していた。
「C」:ヒートシール温度200℃で接着していた。
金属箔に被覆層用原料を塗工後、乾燥して被覆層を形成した直後に、100mm×100mmに加工した金属箔を被覆層上に被せて評価試料を得た。この評価試料に対しプレス機にて所定の荷重をかけた後、60℃に加温して1週間保管した。その後、被せた金属箔を取り除く際に、金属箔が被覆層に接着しているかを評価した。
「A」:荷重10kg/cm2の条件にて、被せた金属箔と被覆層の接着がなかった。
「B」:荷重5kg/cm2の条件にて、被せた金属箔と被覆層の接着がなかったが、荷重10kg/cm2の条件では、被せた金属箔と被覆層が接着した。
「C」:荷重5kg/cm2の条件にて、被せた金属箔と被覆層が接着した。
被覆層となる処理剤として、主剤、硬化剤、溶媒を混合した後(総量100g)、25℃65%RHの環境にスターラー攪拌し、保管した。調液から処理剤がゲル化するまでの時間を計測した。
「A」:調液後8時間経過時点でゲル化していなかった。
「B」:調液後5時間経過時点でゲル化していなかったが、調液後8時間経過時点ではゲル化していた。
「C」:調液後5時間経過時点でゲル化していた。
[使用材料]
実施例及び比較例の外装材の作製に使用した材料を以下に示す。
試験2では、試験1で使用した接着剤B−1、腐食防止層C−1、金属箔D−1、腐食防止層E−1、接着樹脂F−1、及びフィルムG−1を用いた。
金属箔D−1の一方の面に腐食防止層E−1をダイレクトグラビア塗工にて形成した。次に、腐食防止層E−1が形成されていない金属箔D−1の他方の面に、腐食防止層C−1をダイレクトグラビア塗工にて形成した。本実施例においては、金属箔D−1において腐食防止層C−1を形成した面に、それぞれ被覆層用原料A−1’(実施例1’)〜A−37’(実施例37’)のいずれかを塗工し、被覆層を形成した。
以下の方法に従って各種評価を行った。評価結果を表4に示す。なお、成型性、電解液耐性、耐熱性、ブロッキング性及びポットライフについては、試験1と同様にして評価をした。
各例で得られた外装材1について、JIS K 7125により被覆層13の第一の腐食防止層12と反対の面の静摩擦係数を測定した。測定は、以下の基準に従って行った。
「A」:静摩擦係数が0.15以上0.45以下である。
「B」:静摩擦係数が0.10以上0.15未満、又は0.45超過0.60以下である。
Claims (8)
- 金属箔の第一の面上に第一の腐食防止層及び被覆層をこの順に備え、
前記金属箔の第二の面上に第二の腐食防止層、接着層及びシーラント層をこの順に備え、
前記被覆層が、フッ素系樹脂及び非晶性ポリエステル系樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の主剤がイソシアネートにより硬化された構成を有し、
前記被覆層が、フッ素系添加剤及びシリコーン系添加剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の添加剤を含む、蓄電デバイス用外装材。 - 前記被覆層の厚さが3〜30μmである、請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 前記フッ素系樹脂が四フッ化型のフッ素樹脂であり、前記非晶性ポリエステル系樹脂が溶剤可溶型ポリエステルである、請求項1又は2に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 前記イソシアネートがトリレンジイソシアネートを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 前記被覆層の前記第一の腐食防止層と反対側の面の静摩擦係数が、0.10〜0.60である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 前記フッ素系添加剤が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン又はパーフルオロポリエーテルであり、前記シリコーン系添加剤が、アルキル変性シリコーン又はポリエーテル変性シリコーンである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 前記添加剤の含有量が0.05〜1.00質量%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電デバイス用外装材から、前記シーラント層が内側となるようにして形成された容器を備える、蓄電デバイス。
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