JP6743795B2 - 電気加熱式触媒 - Google Patents
電気加熱式触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6743795B2 JP6743795B2 JP2017190314A JP2017190314A JP6743795B2 JP 6743795 B2 JP6743795 B2 JP 6743795B2 JP 2017190314 A JP2017190314 A JP 2017190314A JP 2017190314 A JP2017190314 A JP 2017190314A JP 6743795 B2 JP6743795 B2 JP 6743795B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 72
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002796 Si–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 24
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004762 CaSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 MgCO 3 and MgSiO 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008332 Si-Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006295 Si—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006749 Si—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006774 Si—W Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001753 sapphirine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/03—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
上記ハニカム基材に形成されたカーボン電極(3)と、
上記ハニカム基材と上記カーボン電極とを接合する、金属ろう材からなる接合部(4)と、を有する、電気加熱式触媒(1)にある。
なお、特許請求の範囲及び課題を解決する手段に記載した括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。
電気加熱式触媒に係る実施形態について、図1〜図4を参照して説明する。なお、本明細書中の電気加熱式触媒は、ハニカム基材に触媒が担持された状態であっても、触媒が担持されていない状態(つまり、担体)であってもよい。電気加熱式触媒は、EHCといわれることがある。図1及び図2に例示されるように、電気加熱式触媒1は、ハニカム基材2とカーボン電極3と接合部4とを有する。
気孔率(%)=総気孔容積/(総気孔容積+1/ハニカム基材を構成する材料の真比重)×100
次に、ハニカム基材の材質として用いられるPTC抵抗発熱体の実施形態について図5を参照して説明する。なお、実施形態2以降において用いた符号のうち、既出の実施形態において用いた符号と同一のものは、特に示さない限り、既出の実施形態におけるものと同様の構成要素等を表す。
次に、カーボン電極を有していない電気加熱式触媒の比較形態について説明する。図6に例示されるように、本形態の電気加熱式触媒8は、カーボン電極を有していない。その代わりに、金属電極6等の電極が形成されている。その他は、上述の実施形態と同様の構成にすることができる。なお、図6は、ハニカム基材2と金属ろう材からなる接合部4との界面付近の拡大断面図であり、ハニカム基材2が例えば気孔率20%未満の比較的緻密な材料からなる場合を示す。
次に、多孔質のハニカム基材に対してカーボン電極以外の電極が形成された電気加熱式触媒の比較形態について説明する。図7に例示されるように、本形態の電気加熱式触媒9は、比較形態1と同様にカーボン電極を有しておらず、その代わりに、金属電極6などからなる電極が形成されている。その他は、上述の実施形態と同様の構成にすることができる。なお、図7は、ハニカム基材2と金属ろう材からなる接合部4との界面付近の拡大断面図であり、ハニカム基材2が例えば気孔率20%以上の比較的気孔率の高い材料からなる場合を示す。
2 ハニカム基材
3 カーボン電極
4 接合部
Claims (9)
- SiCよりも電気抵抗の小さい抵抗発熱体からなるハニカム基材(2)と、
上記ハニカム基材に形成されたカーボン電極(3)と、
上記ハニカム基材と上記カーボン電極とを接合する、金属ろう材からなる接合部(4)と、を有する、電気加熱式触媒(1)。 - 上記ハニカム基材の気孔率が20%未満である、請求項1に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記ハニカム基材がPTC抵抗発熱体(20)からなる、請求項1又は2に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記PTC抵抗発熱体がホウケイ酸塩を含むマトリックス(201)と、導電性フィラー(202)とを含有する、請求項3に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記ホウケイ酸塩がアルカリ金属原子及びアルカリ土類金属原子の少なくとも一方を含有する、請求項4に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記アルカリ金属原子及び上記アルカリ土類金属原子が、Na、Mg、K、Ca、Li、Be、Rb、Sr、Cs、Ba、Fr、および、Raからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種からなる、請求項5に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記PTC抵抗発熱体がさらに骨材(203)を含有する、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記金属ろう材が少なくともAlを含有するFe合金からなる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 上記金属ろう材がFe−Si−Al系合金からなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
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JP2017190314A JP6743795B2 (ja) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
PCT/JP2018/034539 WO2019065378A1 (ja) | 2017-09-29 | 2018-09-19 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
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JP2017190314A JP6743795B2 (ja) | 2017-09-29 | 2017-09-29 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
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JP2019063718A JP2019063718A (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
JP6743795B2 true JP6743795B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
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